MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Year:2016 | Volume:8 | Issue:27|Papers Count:7

Due to the increasing importance of energy resources and prevent their loss, In this study, using philosophical method and rational approach and comparison between conventional energy cost accounting and conventional energy cost accounting approaches found that Material and Energy Flow Cost Accounting (MEFCA) can be taken as a comprehensive and closed instrument to identify and analyze energy inefficiencies. From this two questions arise: (1) Can MEFCA replace a conventional (German) energy costing? (2) if not, can/should it be integrated with conventional energy costing to press home the advantages of both approaches?This paper shows that in response to First question, like most of other environmental cost accounting approaches, MEFCA should be understood as a specific accounting method to improve economic and environmental decision making with respect to material (and energy) usage. So, it does not (and cannot) replace the already existing body of conventional (energy) cost accounting methods and the cost knowledge generated by them. In particular, it does not provide useful support for decision making on prices and product programs (types and quantities of products). Second, in fact, a conventional energy costing concept can provide a multitude of the information the MEFCA needs to appraise the cost of the flows. So, it is reasonable to identify and use the interdependencies between the two approaches.

Since 1990, support of environment and green manufacturing was considered as an important item in business. Nowadays, governments and people have concluded that they have to support the process of green production and consumption. The aim of this process is less contamination, low consumption, high quality and optimum utilization of earth resources, in such a way that the next generation would have healthy environment. This issue makes the green design in current competitive environment into a challenge which organizations will face. In this regard, in order to optimum control of raw material consumption, water, energy and fuel, creation and disposal of wastes and residues as well as prevention of environmental pollution, the environmental managing accounting (EMA) tools such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) are used.The purpose of this study is introducing a comprehensive method with integrating concepts of life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), by fuzzy analytical hieratically process (FAHP) to measure being green product and green design for assessment the risk of environmental effects and the performance of companies who are active in ceramic and tile production industry. Five specifications proposed by European Union (EU, 2009) for assessment of environmental effects and four traits developed by Sarkis Model (2003) for evaluation organization's performance are used.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of leverage changes on stock return considering the different levels of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The method of this research, regarding nature and content, is correlational, and purpose, application. This study is done using multiple regression and time series data for the period 2005-2012 for operating and listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The results indicate that the expected return of sorted portfolios based on financial leverage has a significant difference with the actual return of these portfolios. Also, the leverage changes have a negative impact on portfolio returns. The intensity of the impact of leverage changes in higher levels of leverage is higher than the low levels of leverage changes. The intensity of the negative effects of leverage changes in high levels of leverage and lower health is more than low levels of leverage changes and higher financial health.

In this paper, we examine the role of the balance sheet as a constraint on accrual-based earnings management and its impact on the tradeoffs between accrual-based earnings management, real earnings management, and forecast guidance in managing earnings surprises. Overall, our evidence suggests that managers turn to real earnings management or downward forecast guidance as a substitute mechanism to avoid negative earnings surprises when their ability to manipulate accruals upward is constrained by the extent to which net assets are already overstated in the balance sheet. Nevertheless, our evidence should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of our study. In particular, our study uses management’ earnings forecasts rather than analysts’ earnings forecasts.

The main purpose of this paper is to investigation of the impact of Productivity and Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy on Bankruptcy Risk of firms. In this regard, uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compute productivity of firms and uses Altman model (Z) to compute bankruptcy risk of firms. The data used consists of a sample of 79 firms that are publicly traded in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) in the period 1384-1392. A multi-variable regression model is used for testing of hypotheses and data analyses. The results indicate that productivity has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk of firms, and the results also indicate that pursuing either of the Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy successfully has a positive effect on reducing bankruptcy risk. The study also brings to light the mediating effect of productivity in the relationship between cost leadership strategy and bankruptcy risk Of Firms.

Lean production and enterprise resource planning systems are often quoted as being the two most important strategies for achieving competitive advantage in today’s global manufacturing environments. Though IT has traditionally been viewed as a contributor to waste within lean production, we suggest that modern developments in IT and the onset of hybrid ‘‘push-pull’’ production control mechanisms have allowed ERP and lean approaches to converge towards a state where ERP systems can in fact be used to support the deployment of lean practices. This paper analyses typical lean and ERP implementation processes contained within the scientific literature, and by further examining a concurrent implementation process in real-time, we develop and propose a process for ERP-based lean implementations. Our findings suggest that the implementation of a contemporary ERP system can act as a catalyst for the application of lean production practices.

This study examines the relationship between financial reporting quality and debt maturity of investment efficiency in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The population of this study Consist of 99 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange which examined in the period 1385 to 1392. Two indicators used in order to measure the investment performance asnoncurent assets and changes in long -term investments, and for quality of financial reporting indicator, quality of working capital accruals are used as a substitute. For debt maturity structure, Long-term debt to total debt ratio is considered as representative of maturity structure. The results showed a significant correlation between the quality of financial statements and performance of investment, but in Tehran Stock Exchange between debt maturity and investment efficiency is inversely related.