Journal of Applied Biology
Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:15

The genus Consolida (DC. ) S. F. GRAY of Gray is a member of Ranuculaceae family, Delphinieae tribe. . It comprises approximately 52 species which almost all of them are weed and includes the members of the genus Aconitella Spach. The genus distributed in Iran with 24 species, Iran is thus one of the richest countries for the genus in South-West Asia. Consolida has separated from Delphinium by De Candolle based on single-spurred petals, one follicle and annual life cycle and has occurred in separate section. Finally it introduced as a separate genus by Gray in 1821. In this study the petiole anatomy of 16 species of the genus Consolida have investigated. Three population from each species have examined. After pre-treatment of the material, hand sections prepared and Carmen and methyl green solution used for staining the materials. Olympus light microscope used for study and photography. Our results showed that the presence of: angle, collenchymas layer below the epidermis, the number of vascular bundles LB, vascular sheath type, mechanical tissue between the vascular bundles and type of vascular bundles and indumentums of petiole are diagnostic characters for distinguishing the species. Based on anatomical results the species of two subgenera (Consolida and Aconitella) have separated and this confirmed the results of molecular systematic study of the genus.

Schizoyhorax pelzami is a member of Cyprinid family in the Dahst-e-kavir and Hari River basins of Iran. According to importance of osteological characters for taxonomy of fish species and lacking any information regarding osteological features of S. pelzami, this study was conducted to provide the detailed osteological characters. For this purpose, specimens were cleared and stained by alcian blue and alizarin red. Their skeletal structures were photographed using a scanner equipped with a glycerol bath. Drawing and nomenclature of the skeletal elements were done and studied under a stereomicroscope. Base on the results, S. pelzami species is distinguished from other species of this genus by having (1) 44 vertebrae, (2) a long nasal bone, (3) an anal fin with anterior position (close to 27th centrum), (4) a broader posterior part of basibranchial, (5) a flat posterior margin of urohyal and (6) lack a pre-palatine.

Nowadays recombinant activin A has been produced in different expression hosts because of its vast clinical applications. As obtaining the highest cell density is one way to increase the production, optimization of cell culture medium is necessary. So in this study, glycerol and yeast extract concentration as carbon and nitrogen sources of medium was optimized by using RSM (response surface methodology) in order to achieve the highest cell density of E. coli DE3 )21BL) strain transformed with pET21a: activin A vector. Furthermore, the effect of MgCl2 on the growth of mentioned bacterium was studied. The results showed that the highest cell density (growth) was achieved in 42. 5 g/L of yeast extract, 22. 5 g/L of glycerol and 30 mM of MgCl2. Also, dot blot results and data analysis with Image J in this study showed that the expression level of recombinant activin A in the optimized medium has been increased in comparison to standard cell culture medium.

Microbial lipids have a capacity to use in biofuels, pharmaceutical and nutrition industries. The production and application of these lipids are increasing in compare with vegetable oils. The production of microbial lipid by Yarrowia lipolytica CBS6303 from glucose and investigation of its fatty acids profile to determine its biofuel potential were the aims of this study. Maximum lipid production and dry weight were obtained 1. 42 and 7 g/L after three days, respectively. The produced lipid by Y. lipolytica from glucose contains fatty acids that can be used as biofuel like oleic acid (34. 71%), linoleic acid (19. 45%), palmitic acid (17. 05%), stearic acid (6. 12%) and myristic acid (0. 82%).

Vincristine is the most effective anticancer drug, widely used in the treatment of various cancers. Chromatin is composed of nucleosome units consisted of DNA and histone proteins. In the present study, for the first time the interaction of anticancer drug vincristine with histone H1 and core histone proteins in solution was investigated using fluorescence, UV and CD spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that in the presence of vincristine, fluorescence emission intensities were reduced in a dose dependent manner, representing quenching of the drug with aromatic residues located in the globular head domain of histone proteins. Stern-Volmer constant and binding affinity of the drug to histone H1 was higher than core histone proteins. The binding of vincristine to histones induced structural changes in circular dichroism spectra revealing increase of α-helix content of the histones. Moreover, vincristine increased UV absorbance of H1 and core histones at 210 nm (hyperchromicity). In conclusion it is suggested that vincristine, by its domains, can penetrate into globular head domain of histones. Also the binding affinity of vincristine to histone H1 is higher than to core histones, possibly because H1 is located in linker region which is more exposed and accessible to environment.

Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) is one of the largest genera with about 450 species in the world. This genus is present in different regions of Iran with 61 species. According to previous studies, the morphological and micromorphological characters of this genus have a taxonomic significance. Therefore, we tried to solve the systematic relationships of this genus by studying the morphological, micro-morphological and anatomical characters of its fruit in endemic and semi-endemic species of Iran, that have been studied less. After preparation, the fruits were studied using a SEM (Scanning electron Microscope). Cutting manually and double staining were performed for anatomical studies. In this study, various traits such as size, color, shape and surface of the capsule as well as anatomical characteristics such as number and type of cell of different layers of pericarp were investigated comparatively between different species. The shape of the capsule was varied from ovoid to obcordate and tip to emarginate. In most cases, the capsules are puberulent, and only in the V. viscosa the surface is glabrous. The endocarp is generally lignified, the mesocarp cells vary from rounded to square and from one to four layers. Epicarp often consists of elongate cell.

To survey the effect of different salinity levels on rice varieties, two separate experiments were carried out at germination and reproductive stages under laboratory and growth chamber conditions, respectively under in a factorial randomized complete block design (first factor 10 salinity levels and second factor 10 rice varieties). According to results, with increasing salinity levels, the dry weight of root and shoot and the amount of potassium in terms of dry matter percentage was decreased and the dry matter content of sodium in organ was increased and at reproductive stage, the plant height, panicle number, number of filled grains in panicles and filled seed weight in panicle were reduced. Cluster analysis, based on the studied traits at the reproductive stage, divided the cultivars into four distinct groups, and Garib siyah reyhani cultivar were isolated in a separate group, that it's possible to recommended as a cultivar and source of salt tolerance for use in breeding program.

The Bidouiyeh protected area with 155383 ha and maximum altitude of 2734 meter above sea level, is located in 45 km SE Kerman. Floristic study of this region showed that 125 plant species, 102 genera and 32 families of vascular plants grow wild in this region. Most species-rich plant families are Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae, and most species rich genera are Astragalus, Nepeta, Euphorbia, Tamarix and Salsola. Most of the species in this region are in form of therophytes (41%) and hemicryptophytes (26%), and most of the species (75%) belong to Irano-Turanian floristic region. Multivariate analysis of floristic data showed three major groups of local floras, in which the floristic affinities between regions showed affinities to geographic distances.

L-asparaginase enzyme has various applications, particularly in medicine and food industry. Given some side effects and adverse possession of a minor amount of glutaminase activity, the search for new sources of microbes producing glutaminase-free L-asparaginase type II is underway. The present study aimed to isolate a bacterium from the Persian Gulf that produces glutaminase-free L-asparaginase type II. It is also aimed to measure the amount of this enzyme and the condition under which it increases. In order to assess the capability of extracellular asparagine production, the isolated bacteria from the seawater were cultured in M9 medium containing phenol red and asparagine. Those bacteria with positive asparaginase test were cultured in M9 medium containing glutamine and phenol red to assess their glutamine activity. The bacterium isolate producing asparaginase was identified using morphological and biochemical means and 16 SrDNA. L-asparaginase enzyme activity of the isolate was explored with a colorimetric method. The effect of anaerobic condition on the amount of L-asparaginase type II activity was explored by culturing under aeration condition and with no aeration. The result showed that the isolated bacterium was Rhizobium nepotum strain SHN1. The asparaginase enzyme activity and the specific activity of this bacterium were 0. 467 IU/mL and 0. 015 IU/mg, respectively. These characteristics increased to more than 50% in anaerobic condition. The results indicated that microbial flora from the Persian Gulf flora could be a remarkable source of glutaminase-free L-asparaginase enzyme.

Water, the vital element for survival and its quality and resources are substantial for every country. This study was based to investigate the effect of the magnetic field and Nano filtration on some growing characteristics of tomato such as days to germination, germination percentage, germination rate, height, root length, biomass, dry matter, chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, and the absorption rate of NPK, Fe by the leaves, based on a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was conducted. In this respect, two levels of magnetic field, four levels of Nano filtration and three levels of water circulation were included. Overall, the results indicated that the magnetic field had a positive influence, while the impacts of Nano filter were considerably less. Likewise, it is vital to note that the effect of the magnetic field was significantly higher in interrelationship samples. As a consequence, on the basis of the results, a magnetic water treating device has been manufactured. Overall, with the aim of the device, the required amount of chemical fertilizers would plunge by which their detrimental impacts upon environment could be reduced markedly.

This study has about to compare the protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, ash and humidity between Oreochromis niloticus (import fish) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (farmed trout). The samples were collected from Ahwaz bazars by determining their entry origin. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS17 software, Duncan's test and the one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). The significant difference was determined level of 95% (P=0. 05). The level of carbohydrate in the muscle of both studied fish was 2. 72± 1. 59 and the rate of fiber was non-measurable and zero. The maximum rate of protein, fat and ash were respectively 22. 14, 6. 76, 3. 8g per 100g dry weight. The maximum rate of the humidity was also 75. 6%. The maximum amount of protein and fat was seen in farmed trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the maximum rate of ash and humidity was observed in Oreochromis niloticus. The rate of ash and protein didn't have a significant difference between two species (P≥ 0. 05) but there was a significant difference between the rate of humidity and the amount of fat (p<0. 05).

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is the main bacteria involved in the uranium bioleaching in which the ferric ion acts as an electron acceptor and converts insoluble U+4 to soluble U+6. The oxidation process involved the electron transport chain which would occur through several periplasmic carriers. In this research, the bacterium involved in uranium bioleaching process was mutated using UV radiation at doses of 60, 120 and 180 seconds. Mutant and wild bacteria were placed in the presence of various concentrations of uranium ore (5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 %) and their bioleaching yields were examined. Then, uranium extraction, variation of pH and Eh were measured in the 24 hour intervals. Finally, rus gene expressions of mutant and wild Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in the presence of various uranium ore were analyzed using Real time PCR method. The results showed that, the changes of Eh, pH and uranium extractions at bioleaching process by mutant and wild bacteria have been delayed in the presence of high pulp density in compare with lower one. The results of rus gene expressions in mutant and wild bacteria in the presence of ore different concentrations showed that mutations and ore concentration has been effective on the expression of this gene. It should be noted that, in the present project, the native bacteria were adapted to 50% uranium ore that is very significant at uranium bioleaching process.

In this research, cryopreservation was performed by vitrification method with two types of solution protecting PVS2 and PVS3 in 7 time levels (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 minutes). This factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors of protective solution (two level) and time levels (seven level) and three replications. The results of analysis of variance for treatment time and type of solution, in three traits, germination percentage, root and shoot length showed significant differences at the level of 1% (P<0. 01). Interaction effect of time treatment in solution type for the length of root and shoot length were significant at the level of 1% (P<0. 01) and for germination percentage was insignificant at the level of 5% (P<0. 05). Overall, analysis of variance showed that the protective solution type and levels of treatment time in the process of vitrification and the cryopreservation sesame plant is effective in assessment indicators.