SCIENCE PRODUCTION
Year:2008 | Volume:- | Issue:6|Papers Count:8

Providing the grounds for free thinking in a society is the requirement for the establishment of scientific movement. An Islamic doctrine in Iran is one of the basic factors for this comprehensive insight of new culture and thought. The permanency of the thought in the vicinity of the great Khorasan, in the early Islamic Period, and the works of some of the ring leaders like: Taher ibn Hossein and Abdollah ibn Taher were the reasons behind the emergence of Cultural Revolution in that area. Expansion of science and public educations in the era of Abdollah ibn Taher and his insight towards the generalization of education in the society is an indication for the significance and the sacredness of science among the communities and the public. The spread of this thought directed the public towards the attainment of science and provided the ground for later scientific movements and science production. Islamic civilization in 4th - 5th Hegira centuries, alongside with the emergence of scientists like Farabi, Kharazmi, Avi sinaand others which symbolize the advancement of Islamic culture, where some of the achievements of free thinking of their earlier societies.

There have been two revolutions in universities all around the world. The first one happened in the late 1990s in Germany, during which the universities became active not only in educational fields bat also in research taking the responsibility of producing science as well as distributing it.Consequently research groups and centers were established in universities. The second revolution took place in the second half of the twentieth century which introduced innovations emanated from science in the Second World War, during which universities in addition to educational and research undertakings, committed them to the third mission namely economic expansion. As a result, higher education has become one of the world’s most fundamental infrastructures which are moving from productions and services to science-based economy. Therefore the key to the success of our country’s higher education system is to expand the centers and institutions related to this organization.Some of the aims of this research are as follows:Determining the indicators of entrepreneurial universities.Presenting a conceptual model considering the existing indicators to establish an entrepreneurial university.

Accelerated trend of socio-economic developments, emergence of knowledge based economies, increasing growth of research activities by academics and growing dependence of industries on research has led to blooming research requirements and needs. Worldwide web of internet plays a determinant role in providing access to scientific resources. In this research, effectiveness of subscribing electronic scientific resources on the quality and quantity of access to specialized information and science production during 2001 to 2004 in comparison with 1997 to 2000 is investigated through exploring study of related documents and faculty member’s view points. This study has led to develop a qualitative-casual model and improve a holistic model in science production field. The assumptions are examined via hypothesis tests and some constructive suggestions are provided. This research proves the necessity of investment in development of subscribing and sharing domestic, regional, and international electronic scientific resources.

According to authorities, any novel piece of knowledge, idea or theory which has been refereed by academic experts and has been published is considered as science production. The present article, briefly pointing out the views of Iranian researchers and science producers, evaluates some of the major criteria for science production used in the assessment of scientific works. For this purpose, it also proposes new standards and formula which incorporate both qualitative and quantitative factors to yield more reliable results. This new approach, thus, can be used in ranking of researchers and in allocating research budgets and grants to academic institutes.

In this study, it has been tried to identify the scientific development in human societies and its level of impact on all existing organs in a society and what are the necessary conditions for science production movement and scientific development. Science production will take effect systematically and is affected by suitable conditions not by chance and unconsciously. The study of the manner of science production is the main concern of this research. In fact, what are the main elements in producing science and which steps are to be taken to make this trend faster? The obstacles against modern thoughts are also recognized here. They have always been the main obstacles on the way of reform movements and quick steps taken by great thinkers.Scientific development has been studied in five fields: prepared background, modern and creative thinking, suitable atmosphere, strong support, receiving science production and development.All the end it can be said that people's life continuity is related to science production. Human society receives this production as a need, but if it exceeds its limits, it could be a colonizing phenomenon. So, it wise to follow science production systematically and leave the obstacles behind in order to reach a dynamic scientific society.

The process of theorizing and making science as the beginning of scientific and technological movements in a society beside social foundations depends on some other factors. If those factors don’t exist or exist in a weak way, the ideals of society will not be realized. Regarding this fact, universities as the centers of science and research have a significant role. Thus one of the important duties of universities besides making science is looking for difficulties and obstacles and finding solutions. In this study, first through some library research and investigations, the characteristics of scientific theory and the way of theorization and the steps to a scientific way in investigation of phenomena were studied. The effective factors in science making and obstacles and limitations in this regard were analyzed. Therefore, the first three qucitions have been investigated theoretically and by reference to the veins of related scientists. However, the other problems i.e. the most important obstacles in science making and the best solutions in developing the process of theorizing and making science in country have been studied by measurement method. A questionnaire based statistical tests.On Likert’s 5 scales was devised.175 masters from Azad and other universities answered the questionnaire. Some descriptive statistics were performed on the data and a test, finally, the results were analyzed again using measurement scales and a comparison was made with scientific resources and consequently proper solutions were offered.

It is too many years that the developed countries use information technology as an important tool for development. Rapid environmental changes in information age have faced all organization and human institution like education departments with challenges such as globalization, heavy competition, lack of supplies and unpredictable fluctuation. So education for confronting the new situation has to reform and use ICT has an important role in education, thus for changing communication technology to public culture we need to fully survey this important subject with a systematic attitude in education, establishment of virtual schools, cooperation and help in the foundation and official organization, privet sector and legislation. Following these methods will lead to effectiveness of education system, equal educational opportunities for students in all levels, quantitative and qualitative progress in education, creating research spirit in teachers and students, enrichment of self-assessment, improvement of decision-making and understanding knowledge, education of experts and job creation and lower rate of brain drain.

Although knowledge management has gained an ever increasing importance, and has been recognized as a key modern paradigm in the fields of management and economics, yet it still suffers from being an abstract issue. Various definitions and descriptions have not yet provided the grounds for modeling and finding an operational framework aiming at the recognition of the above said concept in the form of its results and conclusions to be employed by organizations and solving the existing problems. This paper is firstly after describing the concept of knowledge management from two aspects: function and nature.As far as function is concerned, the level of knowledge management can be considered as equal to organization’s capacity in controlling and managing a risk unit and as for the nature, it is an isomorphic (homomorphous) systematic model of potential knowledge and experience of the organizational human resources.Then the existing knowledge management models have been divided into classes groups based on the type of knowledge and experience as structural and behavioral. Features of each class have been explained and finally knowledge management system has been introduced using the object-oriented system analysis method. Such a task has been used in two different and independent experiments by the author and his co-workers.This paper tries to achieve an operational model and clarify investment in this regard for the organization's managers and discuss the concept of organizational learning in the form of operational results and conclusions.