Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2009 | Volume:22 | Issue:1 (82)|Papers Count:11

In this study a laboratory research on sensitivity from fresh water snails of Shadegan area to Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum was investigated. Totally 200 snails from Shadegan area were collected and identified. The snails were identified as Lymnaea gedrosiana, p hysa sp. and melanoides sp. The results showed in-vitro culture and exposition to the miracidia of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum only Lymnaea gedrosiana was sensitive to infection by O.turkestanicum of transmiting while physa sp and Lymnaea palustris were resistant to that infection.

Glucose and insulin are two important factors in regulation of food intake. Also, existence of central glucoreceptors have been determined in human and many of animal species, In this study the existence of central glucoreceptors and regulative role of glucose in ingestive behavior of broiler cockerels were studied. In this study used from 128 broiler cockerels. At the first, guide cannula implanted stereotaxicaly in right lateral ventricle of brains of chickens. At onset of experiments, birds were injected with different doses of glucose and insulin via intracerebroventricular. Then in other experiments, chickens received insulin prior to injection of glucose and cumulative food intake was measured 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minute after injections. The results of this study showed that glucose and insulin had no effect on food intake in chickens (p³0.05). It is concluded that central glucoreceptors had no role in start of ingestive behavior in birds.

Mycobacterium paratuberclosis is one of the most important of Micobacterium tuberculosis Complex family. This pathogen can infect all ruminant animals like cattle, sheep and goat. This research was done with cooperation of Esfahan Agricultral Research Center & Veterinary Organization Isfahan & Karaj Razi Research Institute. The samples put in safe packing and cold position (beside ice). In diagnose section of tuberculin department of Razi Research Institute, According to the (o. I. E) protocol, we work on samples: (Decontamination, culture in special mediums,, incubation in 37oC for about 14 weeks, and write results). The special mediums in this research include: Herrold’s Egg Yolk with Mycobactin & Herrold’s Eeg Yolk without Mycobactin Before culture, we took 227 smears (after decontamination stage). During this project we cultured 227x4=908 tubes media (3 tubes of Herrold’s egg with Mycobactin and one tube of Herrold’s Egg without Mycobactin for every sample). We cultured 1192 media tubes and survey 511 smears during this project We had 71 samples with colonies (acid fast bacillus, then we subcultuered 71x4=284 on: Herrold’s Egg Yolk with mycobactin media. In this stage we found 32 positive  & 39 negative samples of 227 total faeces samples.

Ascites syndrome is one of the most problems of broilers industry and produce economical losses to this industry yearly. Because of ecological condition, importance of broiler breeding and high yearly mortality due to this syndrome in Iran, It was decided to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant on heart structure, that one of the most limb which involve in this syndrome. In this study, 120 male day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) reared in 12 pens. Three group with 3 repitition consume ascorbic acid in concentration of 400, 800 and 1200 part per million respectivly. One group with 3 repitition consume no supplemental material. At 6 week of the experiment, echocardiogram was obtained from 4 birds of each pen. Then echocardiographic parameters include RVWDd, RVWDs, RVIDd, RVIDs and RVFS were measured and compared with autopsy condition (the weigh of right to total ventricle ratio: RV/TV). The RVWDd and RV/TV of 400 ppm group had significant difference with control group. From numerical point of view, RVWDd and RVWDs in other groups were thicker than control, RVIDd and RVIDs were smaller than control, RVFS in therapeutic groups not differ from control group, and finally RV/TV in therapeutic groups were smaller than control, but none of them were significant. Thus, it was hypothesized that ascorbic acid may control ascites by prevention of right ventricular dilation and failure.

This study was carried out in the winter of the year 2007 in a dairy herd at the vicinity of Tehran (Eslamshahr). Measurements were performed on 18 Holstein cows during first-lactation. Five Holstein dairy cattle were randomly selected and clinically studied, too. Length of the claw’s dorsal flexure was measured with a ruler and also the hooves trimmed in the toe vertically for measuring of the white line height. In each case, the Lesions of the hoof horn associated with hemorrhage and erosion of the solar surface were recorded and were illustrated their geographical distribution. In the heifers, positive correlation was seen between Length of the claw’s dorsal flexure and thickness of sole horn (p<0.05). Fifty-five perpercent of feet with thin soles had pathological claw horn lesions including sole hemorrhage that were located on the claw’s different regions. The most of lesion of solar surface have seen on the typical site of sole ulcer, white line zone and heel zone. Results showed that thin sole can initiated significantly more pathologic finding as compared to the normal hoof claws. In additions, concrete walking surface, commingling of animals and prolonged water contact of the claw horn have found aggravating factors in this dairy herd.

A seven-week trial was carried out to investigate the possibility of enriching eggs with vitamin E, inorganic and organic selenium added to the laying hen’s diet and lipid stability of enriched eggs during storage. Seventy two Hy-Line W-36 hens were divided into six equal groups. Each groups received one of the treatment diets which included control, 0.4 mg/kg sodium selenite or selenium yeast, 200 mg/kg vitamin E or their combination. Eggs were stored under different conditions (refrigerator, room or incubator) for 14 days. Then, eggs were analyzed for quality characteristics, egg component weight, MDA values as secondary oxidation product and yolk fatty acid composition. The performances of the hens and egg weights were not affected either by the source of selenium or by the vitamin E. Egg quality characteristics and fatty acid concentration were decreased and lipid peroxidation were increased by storing eggs. During the storage, eggs enriched with vitamin E and selenium had lower MDA values and alteration in fatty acids concentration than control. The results indicate that vitamin E and selenium supplementation to hen’s diet not only enriches egg with these components and improves the nutritional value of egg but also fortifies antioxidant system of egg and protects egg against oxidative damages.

In this research thirty specimens of duodenum of Lori-Bakhtiari sheep from abattoir were collected. The specimens were selected from male healthy sheep and aged 1 years. After collecting them and determining of three parts of duodenum (cranial, descending and ascending parts), The lengths of them were measured. For histological studies, each part of duodenum divided to two centimeter pieces and then tissue prepared. In each piece of duodenum, Brunner’s glands in tunica submucosa were measured using micrometer method. All of parameters between three parts of duodenum were analysed and compared using ANOVA test. In results, normal mean length of duodenum in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep 72.50±12.81 cm was determined. Normal mean length of three parts of duodenum, cranial, descending and ascending 12.05±2.13 cm, 26.51±4.69 cm and 33.74±5.97 cm were determined respectively. In histometrical results, thickness of Brunner’s glands in three parts of duodenum decreased from cranial to ascending part. It decreases from 574.00±67.7 mm to 313.57±51.2 mm respectively. There was significant difference in thickness of Brunner’s glands in three parts of duodenum (p<0.01).

A comparative study on the effect of erythromycin and ivermectin on abomasal emptying in Holstein-Friesian calves Motilides namely erythromycin have a great ability to increase abomasal emptying rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abomasal emptying rate in calves receiving either erythromycin or ivermectin. Five male Holstein-Friesian calves were given each of the following 4 treatments in random order: Control, 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl IM, erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg IM, ivermectin, 200 ug/kg IV. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by acetaminophen absorption. Calves were fed 2 L of cow milk containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg body weight) 30 min after each treatment was administered and jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after suckling. The maximum observed plasma concentration (Actual Cmax) and time of maximum observed plasma concentration (Actual Tmax) were obtained from a plot of the plasma acetaminophen concentration versus time data. Non linear regression analysis was used to model the plasma acetaminophen concentration-time relationship and calculate Model Cmax and Model Tmax. The results showed that administration of ivermectin could increase the abomasal emptying rate but to a lesser extent compared to erythromycin. Also the increase in plasma glucose after administration of ivermectin was comparable to erythromycin. The study also revealed that ivermectin unlike other motilides in spite of lacking a dimethylamino group could affect the gastrointestinal motility. This might imply that ivermectin exerts its effect via a different route other than affecting motilin receptors, or may question necessariness of dimethy amino group for the promotility effects.

The four full seasons & the various climates in our country Iran, have certainly contributed to the variety of flora in Iran, some of which demonstrate wonderful therapeutic effects. This is of particular interest when one considers such problems as antibiotic resistance and other side effects of synthetic drugs which have caused global interest in the growth of new disciplines such as pharmacognosy. In regard to important role of infectious disease in treating the life of people, and also inaccessibility to useful drugs with minor side effects, we decided to consider the ability of methanolic extract of 12 herbs in preventing the growth of bacteria. For this purpose, we chose 2 strains of nocardia (N. asteroides and N. brasiliensis) as original bacteria. After performing phytochemical tests to determine the quality of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin and saponin, nine concentrations of methanolic extract of 12 different herbal species were prepared. The organisms were cultured in their specific media and tempted the antibacterial properties of the extracts by means of distribution method in agar (Drop-Plate, Disk plate, and Well-plate). After the distribution of herbal extracts in agar, the diameter of the clear zone formed has been measured, this is related to the ability of extract to prevent the growth of bacteria. According to the results, N. asteroides and N. brasiliensis, has nearly shown the same susceptibility to various concentrations of herbal extract (2.5, 5, 7.5 & 10 percent), and the complete clear zones proved that the extracts have significantly effective in controlling Nocardia strains. Due to the results, that were found the highly susceptible of Nocardia strains to the herbal extracts, it is evident that these extracts contain antibacterial effects. It was found that the 6 medicinal plants out of the 12 herbs have potent antibacterial property. We came to this conclusion formed by 10% concentration of the above herbal extracts in appropriate distribution routs, were similar to that of the clear zones formed by specific antibiotic against Nocardia species, e.g. Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Ceftazidime, Ceftizoxime/Cefotaxime, Cephalothin, Cotrimoxazol. The antibacterial activity of the above herbs is probably associated to the potency of strong antibacterial properties of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tanans presents in the methanolic extraction of those six medicinal plants.

The aim of this study is to survey the clinical and pathological changes in ascites syndrome of broilers. While there are reports regarding clinicao pathological changes in other diseases of avian, the only studies were done concerning ascites syndrome were about the changes in the amount of hematocrite, hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells. Study was conduct on 300 ROSS breed chickens in 3 groups including: Control, T3-consumer, Cold-kept. The T3 hormone and cold weather were applied to induced ascites syndrome in chickens. The incidence of ascites was investigated using parameters such as mortality rate, necropsy findings, serum activity of liver enzymes and hematological factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS package and results were expressed as mean±SD. Significance of differences was evaluated by multivariant analysis. 24 chickens of T3-consuming and cold-kept groups died due to ascites (11/4%). Necropsy revealed disorders like: Hydro peritoneum, hydro pericardium, sever hyperemia in muscle and lungs, cardiac hypertrophy and swelling of kidneys and liver. The weight ratio of right ventricle to total ventricles on 39 and 46 days age increased significantly in treated groups compared with control. The number of RBC did not show significant increase in treated groups compare with control. The amount of hematocrite and hemoglobin in treated groups significantly increased on 11 and 32 days age respectively in comparison with control group. A significant increase in serum enzyme activity (ALT, AST) was observed on 21-day age in treated groups compare with control group. The results indicate that clinico pathological changes are helpful in diagnosis broilers ascites syndrome.