Veterinary Research & Biological Products
Year:2010 | Volume:23 | Issue:3 (88)|Papers Count:8

Duodenitis-proximal Jejunitis (DPJ), also known as anterior or proximal enteritis is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by edema and inflammation of the duodenum and proximal jejunum, excessive fluid and electrolyte secretion into the small intestine and large volume of enterogastric reflux. In January 2003, a 15-year-old Anglo Arab stallion has been used for jumping and breeding, developed signs of acute abdomen. The horse was treated with isotonic fluid, flunixin meglumine, xylazine, mineral oil and penicillin. There was no history of diet change or transportation stress. The horse was euthanized because of poor body condition, senility and economic constraints and necropsied at Teaching and Research Veterinary Medical Hospital, University of Tehran. Macroscopically, the stomach and small intestine were distended by large amount of sanguineous and malodorous fluid. The gastric and intestinal mucosa was deep red and the serosal surface had numerous petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages. Gross lesions were restricted to the stomach, duodenum and proximal jejunum. The other tissues were congested and edematous. Clostridium perfringens was isolated in pure culture from intestinal fluid contents and metatarsal bone marrow. Histopathological examinations revealed epithelial sloughing and necrosis, severe hyperemia, fibrin-rich edema and neutrophilic infiltration in the mucosa and submucosa and extensive hemorrhages in the muscularis layers and serosa. On the basis of clinical signs, bacteriologic, macroscopic and histopathologic findings, the condition was diagnosed as a fibrinonecrotic Duodenitis- Proximal Jejunitis (DPJ).

A total of 116 marine fishes and sediments were collected from Persian gulf shore near Bushehr in order to isolate vibrio species. After culturing on thiosulphate- cirate- bile salts- sucrose and with biochemical tests, 30 isolates showed vibrio characteristics which were categorized in 7 vibrio species, V. anguillarum, V. alginalyticus, V. harveyi, V. vulnfiicus, V. ordalii, V. carchariae and V. splendidus. In pathogenicity evaluation of vibrio isolates for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), V.vulnificus, V. angillarum and V. ordalii resembled the most pathogens. Antigonistic effects of the isolates were determined using supernatant assay and double-agar layer method. Three isolates, V. alginolyticus, V. splendidus and V. haveyi were separately incorporated into the feed and fed to rainbow trouts for 14 days at doses equivalent to 107-109 cells g-1 of feed and fish were challenged with pathogenic vibrios. Whereas the untreated controls experienced survival rate of 46.6-53.3% when challenged by immersion with V. vulnificus V. anguillarum and V. ordalii, the probiotic treated groups remained healthy with a high survival rate of 93.3-96.6%. The probiotic vibrio species studied in this research reflected stimulation of innate immunity, namely enhanced phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of kidney macrophages and respiratory burst activity of neutrophils.

In this research sampling of poultry slaughterhouses in Tehran province was done. The samples were investigated by serological tests: Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA), ELISA and Broth & agar specific culture of Mycoplasma. The main test for isolation and determination in this survey was RSA. In this investigation 4530 pharyngeal swab and blood sample from 226 poultryhouse were taken, in RSA method with MG antigen 11.27% were positive and false positive. This evaluation for MS was 38.19%. After this step the ELISA test was done on the positive and false positive RSA results, and 66.86% of Mg and 70.13% of Ms were positive. The results indicated that in RSA method, false positive was high and specificity was low. Comparison between prevalence of MG and MS in different seasons revealed in winter there are the most prevalence (P<0.001). Out of 226 poultry house covered in the study, in 82 cases, Mycoplasma was isolated from, which 36 cases was non MG and MS Mycoplasma, 12 cases was MG, 29 cases was MS, and 5 cases was simultaneously MG and MS.

An experiment was conducted under completely randomized design to study the effect of different levels of probiotic Biomin IMBO (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 per cent) in starter, (0.0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 per cent) in grower and (0.0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.0375 per cent) in finisher diets on morphology of digestive system and immuno system of broiler chicks for 49 days.400 day old chicks (mixed male and female) were procured and divided in to four treatments and four replicates (25 chicks in each replicate). Morphology of digestive system was studied through slaughtering of 2 chicks from each treatment at the end of experiment. Microorganism colonies in the gut (small intestine) were counted. Immune system was studied as production of different Anti body through SRBC injection in chicks. As result was revealed, probiotic had significantly effect on morphology of small intestine (villi, height and the length of crypts cells) as compare to control groups (p<0.01). It was observed that, most differences owed to treatment 2, 3 and 4 as compare to control group (p<0/01). In case of crypt cells (width and depth of cells), treatments 3, 2 and 4 had significant differences with control group (p<0.01).Where as differences among themselves were not significant. probiotic also had significantly effects on levels of blood anti-body production in various treatments (p<0.01). Incase of one week after injections of SRBC, treatment 2 showed decreasing trend of producing anti-body, as compare to other experimental groups, and differences were significant (p<0.05). Even though, after two weeks of post injections, the lowest levels of anti-body production were owed to treatment 3 and 4 as compare to other groups (p<0.05). The highest and the lowest levels of anti-body titrations against Newcastle virus after injection SRBC were owed to treatment 4 and 3 respectively, as compare to other groups and differences between them were significant (p<0.05). The highest and the lowest levels of anti-body titrations of Bronchitis along with influenza were belong to treatments 3 and 2 respectively as compare to other experimental groups (p<0.05). By this knowledge, it can be proposed to the poultry industries to use pobiotic (Biomin IMBO) safely at the rate of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 kg/ton in the broiler chicks rations when they are reared under ideal conditions.

In this study, correlation between Methylmercury (MeHg) accumulation in the kidney and liver and several blood biochemical parameters juvenile beluga (Huso huso) including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), and Cortisol was investigated. To do this, juvenile beluga were fed with two different diets containing MeHg (control: 0.04 mg kg-1 and 0.76 mg kg-1 low treatment) for 32 days. The results showed significant increase (P<0.01, P<0.05) in all biochemical parameters except ALP level compared with the control group during the experiment. A survey of correlation between MeHg accumulation in the two organs (kidney and liver) and the biochemical parameters of blood sera showed that the levels of ALT, GLU and Cortisol parameters in kidney and ALT and AST in liver were highly correlated with accumulation of MeHg, whereas LDH enzyme level was the lowest correlation in both organs. The results suggested that the sera biochemical parameters under investigation can be used as enzyme biomarkers to assess toxicity induction by MeHg.

Linguatula serrata is a zoonotic parasite with global expansion, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological lesions caused by L. serrata in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of water buffalo. To study the pathological lesions of nymphal stage in water buffaloes, enlarged and swollen MLN were collected and examined. Grossly, the MLN were swollen, edematous with smooth surface. In cut section of the lymph nodes, multiple cysts were observed in the medulla. Histological slides from MLN infected with L. serrata nymph were prepared and stained by Hematoxyline-Eosin (H & E). The lymphocytes reduced in number and were mainly apoptotic. The diminished lymphocytes were replaced with macrophages. There were fibrinous secretions in cortex of MLN. In the cortex of MLN, necrotic areas accompanied with vasculitis and prevascular cuffing was observed.

Organochlorine contaminants are highly stable and dangerous compounds, which are widespread in the environment. Among these compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are carcinogenic for humans and can also affect intellectual functions and the nervous, immune and reproductive systems. Aquatic organism especially fishes are known to be main routes for e entrance of these compounds to the humans bodies. This research investigated accumulation and distribution pattern of PCBs in 5 edible fish species gathered from Shadegan wetland and effects of various factors on concentration of these contaminants. Determination of concentration of these pollutants in specimens is performed using Gas Chromatography. Results showed that among PCBs, concentration of PCB-52 was the highest in Barbus barbulus, Barbus sharpeyi and Cyprino carpio 2.03, 4.64 and 1.92 ng/g wet wt, respectively. In Barbus grypus PCB-28, had the highest concentration (4.68 ng/g wet wt) and PCB-138 had the predominant pollutant in Aspius vorax (4.10 ng/g wet wt). Mean concentration of PCBs in Barbus barbulus was the highest (Kruskal-wallis- Mann-whitney U), which can be related to carnivorous diet of this species. Investigation showed that mean concentration of PCBs was higher in weight group of 0-320 g and in age group of over 3 years and carnivorous diet (Mann-whitney U).