JOURNAL OF PLANT PRODUCTION SCIENCE (JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHES)
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

In order to determine the best planting date and row spacing on quantative traits on soybean cv Sari, in spring cropping a split- plot experimental design based on randomized complete block design was conducted for two years. Main plats were included four planting dates (25th April, 5th May, 15th May and 26th May) and sub plots were included three between row spacing (30, 40 and 50cm) and also plant within row spacing was considered 5cm. Analysis of variance for first year indicated, that non-significant difference for planting dates, significant difference for row spacing. The greatest yield, obtained from 30cm row spacing with 3661 kg/ha in first year.This row spacing showed the higest seed yield Combined analysis based on two years, revealed non-significant difference for planting dates and significant difference of year* row spacing for studied cultivar. The combined average yield for 30cm row spacing, was 4176 kg/ha. The mean of charactristics in late planting date was not agree with other results that was related to wheather and rain fall conditions at maturity and harvest times. In order to obtaining optimum yield in spring cultivation inter and intra row spacing 30cm and 5cm respectively and also 100kg/hac could be recommended.

In order to study the effect of different level of plant densities on grain yield and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes, this research was conducted in the form of split plot with complete block design arangement in three replication in growin season 2004-2005, in a field research and education of Islamic Azad University of shushtar unit. The main-plot and sub-plot were different level of plant density (70, 90, 110 P/m2) and genotype (RGS, Hayola 401, Hayola 301) respectively. Results showed the effect of plant density and genotype and their interaction on grain yield was significant. The highest and lowest of grain yield was exclusive to 90 P/m2 and 70 P/m2 respectively. The highest and lowest of grain yield was obtained in Hayola 401 and R.G.S genotype, respectively. the higher grain yield in Hayola 401 was due to high pod per plant, grain per pod and 1000-grain weight comparision were two genotype another. Increase plant density pers area was resulted in reducing of pod per plant, grain per pod, 1000-grain weight and oil percentage.as well as oil percentage between genotype was not significant, however, Hayola 401 genotype, high yield grain cause oil yield preference in Hayola 401 comparision was significant orther genotype.

Water pollution and soil arsenic, including the most important environmental issues - the environment is considered, because the high toxicity of these elements even in very low concentrations can also human health risk Byndazd. The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer, today Popularity has been to create the heavy metals toxicity and persistence in the soil makes. This concern has been the researchers. In this regard, research farm, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, located in Najaf Abad Lorki was performed. The study by a 6-year program, the effects of sewage sludge fertilization Visit the concentrations of heavy metals including arsenic was paid. Sampling in August 1385 in five depth 20-0, 40-20, 60-40, 80-60 and 100-80 were performed. The results showed that arsenic concentrations (mean 26/32 mg kg) treatment the 6th consecutive year, every year 100 tons of sludge per hectare was received, the highest value among the different levels was sludge. Trend in the range of arsenic concentrations, as can be that the amount of concentration in all treatments with increasing depth, which declined as many decreasing trend research that heavy metals, particularly arsenic to depths reported. In general, the depth of 60 cm down, F. Akhtla significant between arsenic concentrations in the sludge, even between different levels of control was found. Comparison of the highest level of arsenic sludge application showed that concentrations greater than that limit is. Average limit of arsenic in soil at 20 mg kg is.

Effect of different levels of potassium sulphate and zinc sulphate on yield and yield components of corn (hybrid SC 704) was studied in 2003 at Shushter, college of Agriculture, University of Azad. Four levels of potassium sulphate (0, 250, 500 and 750 Kg/ha) and three level of zinc sulphate (0, 50 and 100 Kg/ha) were evaluated using a factorial design with randomized complete block design in 4 replications. Evaluation of results showed that biological yield (By), grain yield (GY), 1000 grain weight, rate and duration of grain filling were increased significantly when 50 Kg/ha zinc sulphate were applied, but the effect of K sulphate was non-significant on these characters. Effects of Zn sulphate, K sulphate and interaction between both on By were (18.89, 17.97 and 17.92 t/ha) and on Gy were (8.59, 8.0 and 9.98 t/ha) respectively. Maximum Gy, number of seed per row, number of grain in cob and 1000-grain weight was obtained with 50 Kg/ha Zn sulphate (8589 Kg/ha, 42, 477 and 252 gr) and with 750 Kg/ha K sulphate (8003 Kg/ha, 43, 517 and 288 gr) respectively. Among yield components, 1000-grain weight had high regression with Gy. However, use of 50 kg/ha Zn sulphate increased grain yield up to 27.6% in compare to control treatments.

Organic matter can improve soil fertility as well as soil physical and mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term (seven years) incorporation of organic manures (compost, sewage sludge, farmyard manure) at four application rates (0, 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha-1) and inorganic fertilizer (250kg urea ha-1 and 250 kg ammonium phosphate ha-1) on some soil, physical (organic carbon, texture and bulk density) and consistency limits (plastic limit, liquid limit and plasticity index) using a complete randomized block design with three replications. Organic manure application significantly increased organic carbon and consistency limits due to high absorbing water capacity of organic matter, but the soil bulk density was decreased. The soil texture and plasticity index were not significantly affected by adding organic manure. Each percent increase in organic matter, the friability index increased by about 3/9%. In fact, with higher friability index, the longer will be the period when soil cultivation is feasible, extending suitable moisture for tillage operations without damaging to soil structure. The result indicated that 100 Mg sewage sludge ha-1 treatment had the best performance in increasing moisture limits for agricultural machinery trafficability and soil tillage. Inorganic fertilizers had no significant effect on improvement of the measured properties. Therefore, organic manuring could be better than inorganic fertilizer for improving soil physical and mechanical properties.

In order to make a quantitative assessment of drought stress on yield stability and determination of the most resistant genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) an experiment was conducted in a RCB design with three replications both in rain fed and irrigated conditions in the Agricultural Research Field during, 2005-2006, Saleh Abad, Iran. Attributes, including plant height, length of spike, number of seed per spike, 1000 kernel weight, yield and also phenologic traits were measured. Analysis of variance showed that most of attributes differed significantly in two conditions. Drought stress decreased the yield by 50 percentage. Seed yield has significant positive correlation with phenologic traits, such as days to heading, days to maturity, seed filling period, number of spikelet per spike, and number of seed per spike, and only with plant height and 1000 kernel weight negative correlation was observed. Results of stepwise regression indicated that when the seed yield considered as the dependent variable, number of seed per spike and spikelet per spike and 1000 kernel weight have the most influence on yield and accounted for nearly %93 and%96 of yield variation in irrigated and non–irrigated conditions respectively. Principal components analysis under non-stress condition showed that the four principle components includes 95.3% of total variance, while under drought stress condition five principle components include %95.18 of total variance. These results can be used for breeding program and selection of resistant variety by using a desirable compound of characteristics.

Process for sewage disposal today applied to their application in agricultural lands. In recent years recycling and use of sewage sludge as fertilizer on agricultural lands because of cost consideration and tact of the best learning environment is. This study determined the elements lead and cadmium concentration in soil treated with sewage sludge in Isfahan University research farm with three levels of sewage sludge (25, 50 and 100 Mb g ha) and control (no fertilizer) in three repeat over five years design with split plot completely randomized block design was performed. The soil samples in plastic bags and transferred to the laboratory air was dry and made with wooden hammer and 2-mm sieve was spent. Then, lead and cadmium concentrations in all soil samples were measured. Statistical review showed that lead concentrations in treatment 50 and 100 ha mega hot that week, more than three years fertilizer were significantly higher than in control samples. The average cadmium concentration in all more than two years Tymarhayy fertilization were significantly higher than in control samples. Overall results showed that sewage sludge and the remaining cumulative concentrations of lead and cadmium in the soil increases.

In order to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, yield components of high yielding cultivars and hybrid (Bahar 1) rice, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Agriculture Resources University Islamic Azad University Shushtar during 2005 - 2006. The statistical design for this experiment was split plot in RCB with four replications. Four nitrogen levels, including of 0, 150, 175, and 200 kg N/ha as the main plots and three rice genotypes including of Danial (LD183), Shafagh and hybrid (Bahar 1) rice as the sub-plats were applied. The results showed that different amount of nitrogen on traits such as Grain yield, Biological yield, Harvest index, tillers total number, fertilized tillers percent, grain number panicle, panicle fertilized percent, plant height and grain protein percent have significant differences. Also we did not see any significant differences in the effect of cultivars on all of the treats but not, tillers total number. The interaction between nitrogen treatments and genotype had significant effects on grains fertilized percent, 1000 seeds weight, fertilized panicle percent and grain protein percent. Optimum level of fertilizer for tested cultivars treatment of N2 with 175 kg/ha pure nitrogen had the most seed yield and had the high level than the other level of fertilizer.