PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:6|Papers Count:9

Words, idioms, expressions, proverbs, ironies and the phrases that are commonly used among the public samples of colloquial language from the begining of Persian titeratune, since poem be longed to the court and faced with critiques of laureates and because some emirs and ministers were also poets who looked at poems eritically, for this reason, poets made great effort to edit their poems and tried their best to use eloquen in their works.Naturally, the use of slang colloquial expressions in poem required specid delicacy and exactness. A poet who lives a mong the public and spends his life time with such people is a reper toire of popular idioms and proverbs and is able to use such devices abun dantly in his works.One of the great poets in whose poetical works, we cam abun dantly find colloquial language is khghani sharvani. He employed popular works, compounds and expressions so skifully that most readers are not able to distinguish them at the first glance.

This paper aims at introducing social reforms and major events in Iran's society in the time of Safvaid Dynasty through the looking glass of a well-known Iranian orator, Kalim-e Hamedani. Safavaid Kings were responsible for altering in values respected by Iranian culture and believes from different aspects. Principles in culture, manners, art, traditional and common values not only had to be shifted, but also in some cases upturned and considered as anti-value. The secondary aim of this investigation is to study the poems of Kalim-e Hamedani and searching for social norms in his time. Studying his poetry, the researcher strives to know if his verse has ever been used to approve or admire the rulers of his time or his oratory skill in Dari dialect, which is based on overstatement and exaggeration, ever turned to an instrument to receive praise and tribute for himself or kin. The paper tries to find how the pains and troubles of poet's fellow citizens have been considered, as well as underscoring his poetic responsibility to express social concerns. The results show that he had had sharp eyes to see common anxieties of human beings and had uttered his objections in many different ways. This investigation aims at studying his poetry from different perspective and reveals the special situation of his dynasty in his poem which is known as Khalaghol Maani Saani (innovator of the meanings, the second). The results show that social situation in Safavid Dynasty has echoed in seven ways criticizing the common worries and pains of this period of time.

This is a research on the effectiveness of the two methods of teaching, namely inductive and deductive ways, In the process of teaching Persian grammar to L1 high school learners in Shiraz. The aim of this research was to answer to the following questions: is there any significant difference between the inductive method of teaching Persian grammar and teaching it in deductive way.In this respect fifty one students from valise night high school were randomly selected the were divided in to two groups and were taught person grammar for one semester, At the end of the semester all of the students were evaluated by a teacher– made test containing forty items. The test had been certified by five teachers in teaching Person in other high schools. Then T.test and Pearson product – moment correlations were conducted on the data. The research methodology was quasi – experimental.

This reaserch is studing on influence and effect of music in the poetry of Amir Khusrow Dehlawi, The famous and well known Persian poet of India. He used musical skills in his pomes very well. With121 words and terms such as, Certain specific (Rahavi) and general terms (oshagh), expression phrases and different instruments (Barbat) have been used by him in expressing general themes, such as praise and worship of the beloved and lover, the self-description of the very poet, the status of musicians and invitation to happiness and joy.Musical verses in Amir Khusrow poems Divan are amounted to 281 verses where 121 music terms and expression have been frequently repeated and his Ghazals have had the most frequencies with 212 verses.Although He is also credited with enriching Hindustani classical music by introducing Persian and elements in it, He haven't used Indian and turkish music terms in his poems. He had been influenced by Iranian poets and poetry music tradition and had spread the same in India.

During successive centuries, human being was tryingo to find out the truth of cosmos and to do this successfully, the philosophers and mystics have taken a new approach. One of the most eminent mystics of the East is Molavi who chose an opposite way for perceiving facts. The best way to know human, nature and even God is obtained by an opposite way. Without darkness no one can perceive the lightness and this difference is seen superficially. In his idea, the word is composed of opposite and God can appear by every opposite way life is reconciliation of opposites, with its death, its wars. In other words, the appearance of creatures is only possible in the heads of opposites. He belives that the existence of Cosmos depends on the war between these opposites. On the other hand, in his idea, the synthesis of the world is different from the afore- mentioned facts and the paradise is free from this opposite.The wars of human is for God/ The trees without leaves is a sign of paradise Human anger is in the pursuit of peace/Comfortable life is usually uncomfortable The next word is for good, / because it is free of opposites.

From the very beginning of Sufism existence, Mystic's Stations and affections of observance have divisions according to ways of the Sufis conduct orders which at times have differences with regard to number as well as priority and posteriori. Yet all orders have considered Repentance as the first and the base of conduct. Molana's Mathnavi also begins with Nei Name from the beginning and ends with an incomplete story called "Deje Hooshroba" a story of separation and aloofness from Neystan and excitation of man, captured in the evil prompting self and soil prison, in seeking his origin while his perfection is not possible without Repentance in start of the conduct. Therefore, Molana encourages man to repent through pages of Mathnavi.This essay tries to investigate the" repentance" subject from Molana's point of view and after the introduction and the ideas of some Sufi masters, Molana's special belief in this regard is discussed. The references used in this research, in the first place are Molana's works especially, Mathnavi, as well as the most important mystical works related to this issue. The manner of researching in this essay is mainly rational analysis and library method.The conclusion of this research is: because Molana has composed Mathnavi, being full of emotions, mystic singing and dancing, mystical points have been interpreted and scattered among his stories. So to find out Molana's point of view in each of them one cannot help searching all six volumes of Mathnavi in great detail and care. This research is an effort to collect Molana's view points regarding repentance in logical and systematic method to leave no need for researchers of Mathnavi's mystical ideas to go through all six volumes of Mathnavi for this topic.

Literature in the second half of the twentieth century and particularly after the 1131 war between Arabs and Israel were common. Poets like Mahmoud Darwish, Smyh Alqasm and others were famous poets of the term entered the world of Islam. Ode Mymyah Zuhair bin Abi Salma Venice outstanding example of his literary legacy of the Arabs are. But in light of the teachings of Islam and life in the light of Quran and Prophets guidance Alshan enormous literature among the Muslims took a different hue.is considered. In this article the author tries Islam for different angles of poetry and research will be reviewed.

The secret of beauty of Molavi's Ghazals is to a large extent due to the poet 's language to which innovation and affluence of words and combinations has given a particular appearance. Molavi's new experiences have caused him to find out various delicacies of language and via this very realization find an appropriate language for his own poems. This survey is the outcome of a new attitude at Kolliyaat-e- Shams from a lingual viewpoint. An attempt has been made in this article to observe Molavi 's language as far as possible. Language is like other components of poems made of some units: Phonic unit, lexical unit and structural unit. The writer intends in this to observe Molavi's lexical unit in Kolliyaat-e- Shams. Kolliyaat-e- Shams is unique among Ghazal poets due to extent of dictions. This extensiveness and variety is because of broad range of Molavi's thoughts and emotions. Molavi's attention to meaning has affected the application of dictions in a way that informal words and combinations are rare. Particular dictions which are rare in other Ghazal poet's languages are affluently seen in Divaan-e- Shams. Molavi's main art is innovating new words. Due to his experiences and based on emotional needs, Molavi has innovated new words and combinations which have not been used before him. Even the structural patterns of some of these words do not follow phonic and structural rules. These very agents not only have no harm to Molavi's language but also clarify Molavi's lingual art to the audience.

One of the most striking features of Azerbaiejani - the Khaghani famous poets of this style - a reflection of knowledge and education in their speakers. People are generally aware and informed representatives of this style of Arts and Sciences have been common in his time, Khaghani and seems to be the opinion of other prominent poets. For all the love and passion to his knowledge in his poem, The Encyclopedia of Science and Technology as he has many. Khaghani A poem can be found below the Great Court that is empty is name of the disease and its treatment plants and methods of science and superstition. Khaghani about the health issues of their time is much higher and wider than other poets, The purpose of this article is to realize the fact that the nature of how our predecessors have and have used it. and to reach the conclusion that Khaghani as other contemporary poets science of his time to be fully aware and truly deserves his nickname is wise. This article is intended to provide some information, Khaghani in the case of medicinal plants.