NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

B-1 cells comprise a small percentage of the B lymphocytes that reside in multiple tissues including theperitoneal and pleural cavities. Functionally, B-1 cells participate in innate immunity by producing the majority of the natural IgM in serum, which protects against invading pathogens before the onset of the adaptive immune response. B-1 cells arise from fetal and neonatal progenitors and are distinct from the adult bone marrow progenitors that give rise to follicular and marginal zone B-2 cells. Recent studies have attempted to delineate the progenitors of B-1 cells from those of B-2 cells. Experimental data from studies supporting the hypothesis that B-1 cells belong to a developmental lineage distinct from B-2 cells, and draws attention to recent studies that have defined new roles for the B-1 a and B-1 b cell subsets in the response to bacteria and self-antigens.

Aim and Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency, location and type of rpoB mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Tehran City.Materials and Methods: 65 sputums were collected from suspected tuberculosis patients, 35 Rif-r isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PCR Amplification and DNA sequencing methods were performed.411 bp fragments of rpoB gene were sequenced and mutations in 81 bp regions were analyzed.Results: 38 mutations were identified in 14 RIF-r MBT (70%). Missense mutations produced 38 types of amino acid substitutions. In 6 RIF-r MBT isolates (30%) no mutations were found in the core region of the rpoB gene. Most frequent mutations detected from Tehranian strains were in codons 531 and 515. Two alleles in codon 531 and one allele in all codons 526, 515, 510, 566, 490 and 476 were found. In the 6 isolates were identified 2 mutation in different codons and 8 strains harboured single mutations in codons.Conclusion: In this study, has been investigated the significance of mutations in the rpoB gene, its correlation with genotype and phenotype agents and high level of resistance to rifampicin in 14 isolates of M. tuberculosis collected from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis from different geographic regions of Tehran.

Aim and Background: Since chemical control of corn common smut disease to be unsuccessful (that its agent is Ustilago maydis), screening of resistance hybrids to smut disease is necessary for maize breeding.Materials and Methods: In this study, 89 single crosses hybrids including 60 single crosses derived from hybridization of 20 S6 inbred lines as female parents and 3 S6 commercial elit testers (K18, K19, K1264/5-1) as male parent and 29 new hybrids were evaluated in a RCBD with 2 replications in Agriculture and Natural Resources Center of Khorasan Razavi Province in 2008. The measured traits were leaf no. above ear, total leaf no., plant height, ear height, anthesis and silking date, anthesis silking-interval (ASI), spore injection time, leaf and stulk disease, ear length, ear diameter, row no./ ear, kernel no./ row, physiological maturity, infected plant percentage, tassel disease percentage, percentage and severity of smut traits, grain hector liter weight and moisture.Results: The ANOVA showed significant differences among test crosses in leaf no. above ear, total leaf no., plant height, ear height, anthesis and silking date, anthesis silking-interval (ASI), spore injection time, stem and leaf disease, ear length, ear diameter, row no./ear, kernel no./row, physiological maturity (p<0.01), and leaf and stem disease (p<0.05). the correlation analysis showed significant positive relations between grain moisture and smut infection percentage (0.68 **) and diseases severity (0.63**), but we observed negative significant relation between grain hectoliter weight with deasease severity (-0.65**) and smut infection percentage (-0.69**).Conclusions: Also, Line×tester analysis for related traits of smut resistance showed significant variance for infected stem and leaf and infected plant no. that for these traits only additivity gene effect were significant.

Aim and Background: Previous researches about physiological mechanisms of appetite control in mammalian and avian indicated central and peripheral agents. Glutamate as one of the most important neurotransmitter has a significant role in central and peripheral control of appetite and some glutamatergic circuits involved in control of appetite. Intracerebro ventricular (icv) injection of glutamate and its agonists leads to severe decrease of foodintake. Ionotropic receptors of glutamate include NMDA and non-NMDA (AMPA and kainate) receptors. This study examines effects of Interacerebroventricular injection of CNQX as a Non-NMDA receptor anatagonist in cumulative food and water intake in chicken.Materials and Methods: When chickens received 700-750 gram, after general anesthesia and aseptic surgery canula replaced in lateral ventricule. This study performed in four group, one control and three treatments. There were 9 birds in any group. After injection of different doses of drug, cumulative food and water intake measured in 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes.Results: Interacerebroventricular (icv) injection of CNQX increased cumulative food intake (P<0.05) dose dependently, as compared with control group and injection of CNQX decreased water intake (P<0.05) dose dependently.Conclusion. According to these results Non NMDA receptors (AMPA and Kainate receptors) have important role in decreasing food intake dose dependently and also these receptors have important role in cumulative water intake in chicken.

Aim and Background: It has been suggested that histamine has modulatory influence on anxiety-related behaviors both in animals and humans.Materials and Methods: Intraperitoneal histamine administration (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) decreased %OAT (Open Arm Times) and but not locomotor activity, thus showing an anxiogenic response. Subcutaneous administration of ranitidine, a H2 histamine receptor antagonist at doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg before histamine (20 mg/ kg) increased %OAT (Open Arm Times) and %OAE (Open Arm Entries) but not locomotor activity, thus showing an anxiolytic responses.Conclusions: This effect showed that ranitidine antagonizes histamine anxiolytic effects.Our results indicated that the anxiogenic-like effects induced by histamine in the intraperitoneal reverse in presence of ranitidine.

Aim and Background: The genus Cirsium is one of the genera in Compositae w hich includes 250-300 species distributed all over the world. They are herbaceous, perennial or rarely annual and usually distributed in Africa, Europe and America.Materials and Methods: In cytogenetical studies, 4 different species were studied. The methods that were used in the chromosomal studies are as are as follows: pretreatment, fixation, hydrolyzation, staining and mounting. Also chromosome number and ploidy level were recorded.Results: The somatic chromosome number in C. congestum and C. turkestanicum was 2n=34 and was 2n=68 in C. vulgare and C. respectively.Conclusion: Based on this study C. congestum and C. turkestanicum are diploid and somatic chromosome number in both species is2n=2x=34 and C. vulgare and C. arvense are tetraploid and somatic chromosome number is 2n=4x=68 Respectively

Aim and Background: spoilgotyping is a method based on 36bp DR (Direct Repeat) chromosomal loci polymorphism which is connected to one or two 35- 41 spacersequences. There have been 94 differet intra DR spacer sequences identified and only 43 of them are used as usual. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains can be identified in order to lacking or having these sequences.Materials and methods: spoilgotyping test was done on 149 TB smear positive patients.Primary separation of mycobacterium strains was done through petrof4% method and by Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Biochemical tests such as Niacin test / Catalase activity / Nitrate reduction were done due to strains identifying. Drug sensitivity to INH (2Mg/ml) / RIF (40Mg/ml) / STM (10Mg/ml) and ETBI (2Mg/ml) was accomplished proportional and strains were distributed to three groups: sensitive, MDR, non MDR. DNA was extracted by CTAB method on positive clonies. Sequences were amplified by PCR and after denaturating amplified sequences, hybridation with Streptavidine peroxidase enzyme through line reverse blot method was accomplished. Luminoscense was added and the membrane was put onto the X-ray film. Then we did radiology step.Results: Serotypes were divided into 9 groups (Beijine/CAS23/Haarlem/U/T2/T1/EAI3/EAI2/CAS2). The majority group was Haarlem (27%) and minority one was T2 (0.4%). There were also identified 2 strains belonging to Mycobacterium bovis.Conclusion: Used method in this study is easy/precipitate and has high sensitivity. In every time using this method there could be 43 samples distinguished.

Aim and Background: Spermatogenesis is a process In which spermatozoids Is produced Whose defect in each stepany defect in each step can Can result result in infertility. F. parviflora contains isoquinoline and protopine alkaloids and h as antioxidant activity. F. parviflora has been used in folk medicine for its pharmaceutical properties. One of the most important effects of this plant is increasing sexuality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the F. parviflora alcoholic extract in spermatogenesis process.Materials and Methods: Wistar male rats (230 ± 5) are divided into 2 groups: control and experimental. The control group received distilled water whereas the experimental group received 250 mg/kg w.b. F. parviflora alcoholic extract through oral gavage for 5 days. After 15 days rats were anesthesized and sacrificed and the Testis were removed. The volume and weight of the testis were measured and the tissues were fixed. The preparation of tissue sectioning was accomplished by H& E staining. Germinal cell lines cells were counted with light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed with One Way Anova using SPSS for Windows.P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The analysis of the results indicated there were no significant difference in weight and volume of testicles but significant increase in the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatozoid and Leydig cells were observed in experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001).Conclusions: The results indicated positive effect of F. parviflora alcoholic extract on male reproductive system Since the number of number of sexual cells increased significantly.