NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2012 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:14

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool to suppress gene expression in a variety of cell lines by mediated small interfering RNAs (siRNA). In addition to the gene-silencing activity of siRNA, it can induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. RNA-sensing immonoreceptors include Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and cytosolic RNA-sensing proteins like Protein Kinase R (PKR), 2’-5’ Oligo adenylate synthetase (2’-5’OAS), Retinoic-acid Inducible Gene -I (RIG-I), Melanoma Differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA-5) and Nuclear Factor kappa B cell (NF-kB). Induction of IFN can be raised the signaling pathways associated with the TLR. Each of receptors group is able to induce signals in response to a variety of ligands, initiating the pro inflammatory cytokines response. This review article describes gene silencing, the role of cellular factors in innate immunity gene regulation and induction of interferon by double-stranded and single stranded siRNA.

Aim and Background: Gene silencing effect of siRNA significantly depends upon an appropriate method to introduce it into the cells. In the present study, the effect of liposomes on 177Lu-siRNA delivery into colon cancer cells has been studied quantitatively.Material and Methods: siRNA was conjugated with p-SCN-Bn-DTPA and labeled with lutetium.After being purified with Vivaspin and Sephadex G25 columns, 177Lu-siRNA complexes were evaluated for purity and integrity using ITLC and PAGE, respectively. Labeled siRNAs were transfected into colon cancer cells using Lipofectamine and siPORT Neo FX. Then, percentage of the transfection was quantitatively calculated with a gamma counter. For the evaluation of cytotoxic effects of the labeled siRNA, microscopic photographs and cell counting were used.Results: ITLC showed that the purity of 177Lu-siRNA complex products were in excess of 95%. The percentage of the transfected 177Lu-siRNA complexes with Lipofectamine was significantly higher compared to that of siPORT Neo FX (P<0.01). Cell counting and microscopic photographs indicated that 177lu-siRNA complex targeting IGF-1R had significantly cytotoxic effect on the understudied cells compared to the control groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: The present study shows that efficiency of the lipofectamine in transfection of the 177Lu-siRNA into colon cancer cells is more than siPORT Neo FX, and 177Lu-siRNA targeting IGF-1R has cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells.

Aim and Background: Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties and are used in textile, hygiene, refinement, staining, agriculture and livestock industries. The aim of this study was the production of silver nanoparticles using Fusarium oxysporum and Escherichia coli.Materials and Methods: We used agar diffusion disk for the inspection of antibacterial properties of nanosilver colloids. The shape and morphology of nanosilver colloids were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy.Results: The presence of nanosilver colloids was confirmed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The mean size of nanoparticles produced by F. oxysporum was smaller than those of them in E. coli.Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that the quality of nanosilver colloids from F. oxysporum is better than those of them in E. coli.

Aim and Background: Immobilization of biomolecules on the surface of different supports, so that it’s physicochemical properties to be maintained to Lead to an increase in process efficiency, is the most essential prerequisite for the design and manufacturing of biological sensors. Antibodies are the most efficient molecules for this purpose. This study was done aiming at increasing the efficiency of immobilization of antibody on nitrocellulose and nylon supports.Materials and Methods: In this study, different materials and polymer layers such as PEI, MAMEC were used to process (activation and blocking) the surface of nitrocellulose and nylon.Increasing the number of functional groups in nitrocellulose and creating new active groups on the surface of activated nylon, were the most important modifications on mentioned solid supports. After immobilization of antibody on above supports, the process efficiency was assayed and then was compared with control samples.Results: The results showed that the modifications caused increasing of antibody immobilization approximately 2, 3 fold on the nitrocellulose and nylon supports, respectively.Conclusion: this study demonstrated that depending on the kind of solid support, the type of processing may be different; and also it is possible to change the physiochemical features of support like capillarity, flexibility, surface charge, etc. which may affect the quality of immobilization negatively.

Aim and Background: The genus Salsola is the largest genus in subfamily of Salsoloideae containing 100 species.Materials and Methods. Some characteristics such as resistance to drought, saline, pests, diseased, grazing and having deep root system and different life forms make it suitable forage plant in arid lands. Different species of this genus are cultivated in salty lands where no other crops could give a good yield, or in areas where irrigation is possible only by salty water.Results: The main aim of this investigation is the ecology survey of some species of Salsola in Golestan province where, different species of Salsola are the main plants in the vegetation. Annual species are distributed in lowlands with maximum % 15 slopes.Conclusion: Habitats of three species, S. arbusculiformis, S. orientalis and S. tomentosa differ from the others in ecological condition where they grow in elevations (Max 1500 m) and pediment zone.

Aims and Background: Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in pregnant women with various complications in the fetus, including Be aborted. However, Listeriosis can detect and isolate the bacteria to be cultured, due to being time consuming, low efficiency due to low number of bacteria and other bacteria problem in the differential diagnosis in many laboratories using this method typically does not. Also becomes less important as the methods of immunology, molecular detection of bacteria in samples from the patient or suspected food has high specificity. In this study the molecular method in comparison with other methods used to differentiate bacteria.Material and Method: In this study, 152 cases of suspected laboratory routinely referred to Massoud laboratory, who had consumed contaminated food samples were collected, and of antibodies to Listeria monocytogenes Were studied by IFA Method. The deadly samples using molecular methods of DNA extraction and PCR method were evaluated that all of the standard molecular techniques were used.Results.47% of all samples (71) in a dilution of 1.100 and 1.400 was positive in the immunology method. The bacterial cultures were positive in 41 cases, but the molecular method of total samples of suspected cases, 53 were positive.Conclusion: Due to the rise of virulent Listeria infection and also in connection with abortion, the importance of contamination by bacteria important in the foods and recently most doctors recommend screening pregnant women in terms of Listeria contamination. According to WHO estimates are not reliable methods antiserum and molecular methods and culture is very important, especially in screening pregnant women is high specify molecular methods.

Aim and Background: Collagen has a wide range of applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Recently, isolation of collagen from marine species has been investigated.Collagen from cow has a risk for contamination from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). The aim of this investigation is the extraction of collagen from body wall of sea cucumber (Holothuria parva) and comparison with collagen Type I.Material and Methods. Pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) is extracted from body wall of sea cucumbers (Holothuria parva) and characterized by SDS-PAGE, DSC, FT-IR.Results: SDS-PAGE shows that the major component consists of three α1 chains of approximately 130 kDa that is similar to calf skin collagen Type I with the same weight but different in a1 chains (a1) 2 a2. The Tm of PSC is 46.940C therefore the thermal stability is lower than collagen Type I.Two peaks of transmission bands is determined by FT-IR including amide A (3420 cm-1) and amide I (1638 cm-1).Conclusion: Collagen isolated from the sea cucumber determines Type I and the thermal stability shows that it can be used as an alternative to mammalian collagen in the food and pharmaceutical industries.The thermal stability of PSC shows that it has lower content of Proline and Hydroxyproline in comparison with collagen Type I.

Aim and Background: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that is poorly understood.It is characterized by the presence of uterine endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is mainly associated with severe pelvic pain and/or infertility. We hypothesized that viral infection endometrium (especially HPV) may increase the capacity for the invasiveness of basal layer especially along with retrograde menstruation in the intra abdominal or the myometrial region.Material and Methods: In this study, 46 paraffin blocks of endometriosis and 50 paraffin blocks of normal endometrium as a control were selected. After extracting DNA, all samples were examined for the presence of beta globin gene and suitable samples searched for the presence of L1 HPVCommon by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: HPV was detected by PCR in 11 of 43 (58.25%) cases of endometriosis tissue samples and 7 of 43 (27.16%), endometrial samples. A total of 18 out of 86 samples (93.20) were positive by using general primers of HPV.Conclusion: HPV infection in endometriosis lesions as well as control tissues supports the spread of the virus or HPV-infected endometrial cells via retrograde menstruation. Due to an association of HPV in carcinomas, we propose that persistent HPV infection of endometriosis lesions could contribute to malignant progression.

Aim and Background: Germination stage is an important growth plant stage that is often affected by environmental stress including water and salinity stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Sodium Chloride Salinity on Seed Germination of Rice and found to have more salt-tolerant cultivars.Materials and Methods: In order to study germination of three rice varieties named Gharib, Musa tarom and Abji buji at different levels of salinity. The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with four replications. Salt treatments were controlled in 0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m-1.Results: The results of data analysis showed that salt effect on studied varieties and interaction of varieties´salt on the studied characters were significant in %1 level. In this research some characters including rate and percentage of germination, gemule length, and radical length were studied. With increasing salt all evaluated characters decreased.Conclusion: Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference in rice genotypes. With increasing salt all evaluated characters significantly decreased.

Aim and Background: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms is a noticeable method due to reduced use of energy and expenses as well as its environmental adaptation properties. It attracts many researchers as bio-method-based producing procedures were brought forth for discussion.Use of microorganisms in nanotechnology is one of the most important aspects of the discussion.Material and Methods: Native Lactobacillus of Iran derived from some local dairy products was used in this study and exposed to Tio2 solution. Samples were delivered to the relevant labs to perform the experiments 72 hours after incubation. The Titanium nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. Analysis of Titanium Nanoparticles with XRD was prepared.Results: Nanoparticles Formation of Titanium in some Lactobacillus Plantarum strains was observed during the study.Conclusion: After some molecular mechanism deliberations, biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms and metal reduction via bacteria interpreted as a defensive process may be due to superoxide dismutase lack in some Lactobacillus Plantarum strains.