POLITICAL AND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHES QUARTERLY
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Based on the scientific studies of political science, the concept of power is the most fundamental concept of policy forms. Since the beginning of its creation, this concept has witnessed several developments. Focusing on the power developments, the present study intends to explore and redefine the relationship between knowledge and political system of Islamic Republic of Iran based on Michel Foucault's ideas (1970).Michel Foucault's theories of power which are put in the framework of post-structuralism deal with the analysis of different forms of power and its relation to knowledge. Foucault maintains no power relations would be conceivable without forming any field of knowledge and no knowledge is expected without involvement in the power. There exists an omnipresent interplay between Power and Knowledge. In Foucault's theories power is granted through knowledge and therefore constructs truth. Power is a network in which all people are entrapped and exerting power essentially moves knowledge system forward and creates spaces in which knowledge is formed. He believes, no longer can one expect that the society is torn up with knowledge on one side and power on the other side, but there are just different fundamental forms of what is called power. Foucault's methodology starts with Archaeology. Here, he considers the basic initial analysis unit as discourse. In his View, discourses are closed packages by nature where some propositions have certain chance of occurrence and dominance while others inevitably become marginalized. Discourses create basic preconditions for the formation of the statements. It is within the discourse that special knowledges come into existence. Following the Archaeology, in his Genealogic, Foucault tries to tell us that knowledge is always dependent on a special viewpoint and there is an increasing trend of scientific discourse which dominates all other discursive statements. It is in genealogy that Foucault concludes power is neither focused nor destructive but it is scattered and constructive. According to the above description, while revisiting the relationship between knowledge and power in the religious discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran, this study tries to prove that the desired knowledge for the discourse continually takes steps in the way of legitimizing the moral framework of power and that production of religious knowledge and moral subjective is necessary to stabilize power structure of Islamic republic of Iran, and then we can establish dialectical relation between power network and knowledge production.

The main concern of the political philosophy throughout history has been to meet the needs of the most important human issues like prosperity and human happiness.In fact, the fundamental goal of political philosophy has been to remove the obstacles in the way of man’s most important challenges in both public and political arenas including the nature of justice, the definition of prosperity and government's role in the materialization of the most important human needs where the realization of these issues and goals would be possible with regard to ethics. That’s why political philosophers have paid special attention to the ethics and how it has been realized in community from past to the present. But the response and reaction of the philosophers to this important issue has been according to the circumstances of time and place and this is while we witness the increase of the moral and identity challenges at both domestic and global levels in information age and increased attention to the ethics in political philosophy at both individual and social domains as well.It can be said that the formulation of the basic nature and the purpose of western political schools and philosophers such as socialists, those trust-minded, traditionalists, relativists, and identity minded people and thinkers such as Taylor, Fukuyama, and Niebuhr and Paul Tillich revolve around ethics. In other words, ethics forms the cornerstone of political philosophy at the age of globalization in all aspects particularly when it comes to fundamental questions such as the ultimate goal of mankind, states and the functions of governments. Even some features of the political philosophy at the age of information explosion such as lack of idealism and decline in the literature of political philosophy are influenced by this important aspect.

This paper reviews key concepts of linguistic theory devoted to Pierre Bourdieu.Referring to concepts such as champ, capital, symbolic capital and habitus, he draws our attention toward the social conditions of language production and its legitimacy-seeking manner.The purpose of this article is to identify and define the role and status of these concepts in the analysis of political affairs. Result of this paper presents a comprehensive definition deeply rooted in his post-structuralism theory.

Research is a fundamental and underlying aspect of every society's development. Since the scholars and professors play a major part in shaping the research culture development, therefore, this study is focused on examining the factors influencing the research culture development from the perspective of university instructors in Qazvin province-as the original owners of the educational process.In this descriptive study, the whole population of the instructors in all universities of the province (2564 people) was taken into account. Then 144 females and 216 male instructors were chosen with the help of a classified random sampling. In the meantime, the instrument of the data gathering was a questionnaire with 34 items that evaluated six factors as economic, organizational, personality, family, educational-promotional, social and political ones. The validity of the instrument was confirmed through the content validity and the reliability was confirmed by the test-retest and Cronbach's alpha with the coefficient correlation of 0/91. Statistical analysis of data was done through the descriptive and inferential statistics of t-test, one-way variance and multivariate non-parametric Friedman regression using SPSS software.According to the descriptive statistics and frequency distribution in the form of charts and the regressions, the organizational, sociopolitical, personality, promotional-educational, family and economical factors can respectively account for 18%, 13%, 6%, 23%, 4% and 36% of the dependent variable (motivation for the research).The factors and criteria developed by the effective indicators are significantly similar to the ones indentified and developed by several similar studies. Thus they can improve the development of research at cultural and academic levels beneficial to university teachers and students.

The Military-industrial complexes in Israel play an important role in the economy, politics, industry, development, science and technology of the Zionist regime.This study is focused on the military exportation role of Israel.In fact, when it comes to the world ranking of the arms dealers, Israel stands in the fourth place after the United States, Russia and France.This can help the Israel's regime strengthen its existence. Marketing of Military products contributes a lot to GDP of the Zionist regime which distributes this income in the economy, politics, industry and scientific projects and tries to normalize its relationship with the third world countries and stabilize its existence. The preset study investigates different military products and the strength and success story of the Zionist regime in this regard and its influence over other regimes and countries.

Despite the fact that it is almost two decades now after the collapse of former Soviet Union and consequent emergence of four countries as the Soviet successors in the Caspian Sea coast, the neighbors failed to come to an agreement about the legal regime of the sea.The suggestions raised up wide array of issues ranging from joint regime to dividing regime.However, such differences that emerged from the Caspian offshore reserves of fossil energy have created more tensions. Affected by this variable, coastal countries tried to upgrade their abilities to safeguard their own self-claimed interests.As a result, those countries' military structure that was much of a Coast Guard turned into a developed sophisticated naval force. Development of military ports, increasing attention to marine science in the military coordinates, growing trend of both quality and quantity in marine vessels, using aircrafts, helicopters and the like have been all among those measures taken by the coastal countries.Formation of the Caspian Sea legal regime seems to be effective in speed reduction of such a process.

Central Asia is such an important geo-strategic and geo-cultural region in the world that the theorists of international relations have analogically described it, in terms of geographic and economic aspects, as the second Middle East.Due to the huge reserves of oil and gas, Central Asia and Caspian Sea littoral states and the Caucasus region are regarded enormously important not only for the countries in the region, but also for those superpower countries such as America and China. The interaction among global and regional powers in Central Asia is a complex issue where every power would face some restrictions in the pursuit of its power and ambition.Of those regional powers and key actors in the Central Asia, one can refer to Iran, Turkey and Israel, in which Iran has the best chance to advance its objectives successfully in this region.