ARABIC LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Year:2015 | Volume:11 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Nostalgia is one of the most important issues searching for challenges of contemporary society and tells tales about the human’s sorrow and pain, Arabic contemporary poetry was not far from this phenomenon. Poets have many times spoken of the problems facing their communities, some stayed in their community and also were willing others to stay and dealt with the many problems and lived barely, some of them to escape from pressures of homeland, immigrated and preferred being far from their relatives and citizens, with the aim of doing their outside activities dynamically and happily so that can revive desirable life in their homeland, they then expressed their sorrow and pain through the bitter truth facing their own society utilizing historical, religious and humanity symbols creating a sense of hope for the future. This papers aims to survey the subject of nostalgia in the poetries of contemporary Palestine poet, Ezzedin Al-Manasra, on the basis of descriptive – analytic approach, he is one of the most prominent exile switch poets who perforce lived away from home for many years and moved from one place to another with great sorrow and grief, there are different kinds of nostalgia such as locality, existential, social nostalgia in his poems collections, the issue which make him unique and vocabularies representative alienation such as “Jfra”, “Canaan” and “Hebron (Al-Khalil)” is seen abundantly in his poetry in order to express his enthusiasm to Palestine territories.

Since a long time ago women had effective and important roles in human's life and were with men in the difficulties and problems; so with this problem, she had taken pains from sexual discriminations and evenly she was marginal and non-effective rather than men, these negative perspectives continued to the women, until led to some mediations in some women. So in response to this perspective, some circumstances appeared that recalled women in the improvement rather than their own placement and efforts to receive that position and this perspectives appeared in literature, poems, and eastern novels and this views reflects on adherent's part and on opponent's part. A considerable number of feminists believe that based on the religious and cultural circumstances of the region, an Eastern woman is suffering from the case more than a Western one is. This view has been reflected in the works of Arab female authors in form of a duel among the traditional and modern views. The present study focuses on two stories written by a Kuwaitian religious author known as Khawla al-Qazwini. The works mentioned above are "the warm house" and "Women and Virgins". The study goes through character analysis, specifically female characters of the works mentioned above. On the other hand, it explores the presented image of women in various individual and social states through these two novels. This research is unveiling a statue from writer's efforts to drawing eastern women encumbered by ideal and specimen and drawing western women full of Feminism as unsuccessful women in personal and social life. This research focuses on two novel's texts in the descriptive-analytic research.

The technical elements in modern Arabic fiction are heavily reliant on critical inquiry. Works of fiction incorporate assorted tools and resources in their narrative structure. The current research addresses the most essential elements of Abdel Rahman al-Munif’s novel,“Al-Nihayat”. These elements are character and setting. Al-Nihayat is both al-Munif’s shortest novel and most contemplative work. This novel revolves around a state of famine surrounding and engulfing a village that has fallen into despair. The current research first explores the literary career and achievements of al-Munif in the area of modern Arabic fiction, and then it explores the close ties existing between character and setting in “An-Nihayat”. The results obtained show that al-Munif has imaginatively and competently combined and integrated character and setting into a dynamic whole to reflect his literary vision and themes.

Many of poets in pre-Islamic times have pointed out to their marital disputes and defended from themselves in different ways according to the severity of the dispute or its lightness. The Jahiliyah poet thought that woman tends to the young and rich men and for that reason they had no respect for them. Tribal customs, of course, had important role in Preference for men over women. This article seeks to know the atmosphere of the marital discord among poets, and its diversity of circumstances and its grades, in terms of strengths and weaknesses. This discord sometimes ends in disputes and beating and sometimes leads to the divorce. Pre-Islamic poetry sources have quoted many poems in this regard. The importance of this article is to relate the marital disputes to the atmosphere and pre-Islamic traditions, and to significance lessons learned from the poets for the correction of environmental functions affected by the atmosphere and tradition. And finally this article finds that marital disputes are due to following items: age differences, tribal conflicts, different ideas, family separation, the absence of a divine law that regulates family disputes in addition to the harshness of living and the large movement in the desert.

The Quran al-Karim and its symbols have received much importance with contemporary poets and have continued different shapes as rich fountain and technical source with Quranic characters which contribute just a great form to enrich the ode poem. Also the investment of religious symbols ‘and its stories and projections in poetic text increase the brilliance and beauty of it. The use of Quranic characters in contemporary Palestinian poetry especially diaspora poets enrich poetic content and refutes pure oratorical and musical. The nature of the conflict between Palestinians and the Israeli enemy use symbols with specific topics that would be linked and related with that conflict. It has direct effect on the lives of Palestinians and their fates. On this basis, the diaspora poets interest in employing prophet characters and on his head the Christ character. Because their sign dimensions have special positions in human memory which semantic legitimation derived from the human and religious vision, this issue has led Palestinian poets to portray used symbols according to contemporary view it is a prelude for expressing his ideas and contemporary national issues. This article is according to descriptive-analytic method not only will pay to the importance of religious symbol but also will pay on literary works and poetic experience it also addresses recalled symbol (al-masih) and the impact statement of it on the reader this study has found that employment and investment of Christ character until Christ symbol reflect the relation and objectivity equation between (oppressed contemporary Palestinian and victim Christ character)may it helps carrying Palestinian issue for the Christian world and seeking help from them.

According to the convergence between the term language and the most important properties in the study of linguistic phenomena, or what the "linguistic" refers to, it had been considered by scientists in the past and present to be the same connection and relationship between human beings. Many developed books in Arabic and other literatures have considered different aspects of language, its different functions, and also have expressed aspects and forms of it. But what has made the authors of this essay to write about was this question: As the infallible Imams (PBUT) had had divine knowledge, have they had a role in this field (linguistics) like other knowledge and scientific fields in their age? It is not surprising that as Shia and other experts believe, the infallible Imams (P.B.U.T) were very expert in the Islamic religion and the other issues which are related to them, such as syntax of the linguistics, Rhetoric and verbal issues. However, most of the time dealing with those issues had not been the main aim and had been only because of the relationship between them and the principles of belief and religion, like defining a religious idea, stating a religious purpose, answering to a wrong thoughts and correcting a false idea.

The 7 odes about Imam Ali by Ibn Abi al-Hadid are of the most beautiful poems composed about Imam Ali. We have chosen “Aynia” from these odes to analyze, for it is sublime in eloquence and meaning. This ode notes the virtues of Imam Ali and then describes the accounts of Imam Hussain and then notes the reappearance of Imam Mahdi. The content of this ode has been extracted from historical Events and Imams traditions and is presented in a special style. To know the value of anything we have to analyze it therefore we have analyzed this ode from 4 aspects: Meaning, style, emotion and imagination. We have noted the merits and demerits of the poem by citing some examples that show meaning is often true and the style is powerful except some minor examples, emotion is simple and strong and imagination ,which is the basis of poem, has been used powerfully by Ibn Abi al-Hadid.

Text structure is a structure that has an outstanding role in conveying message. The reason is that, the text, considering the state of the addresser and addressee, harmonizes the information relating to microscopic structural and non-structural elements and other structures. We observe that Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, the pioneer and theorist of rhetoric, has noticed the structure and components of the text. He considers the textual structure and paying attention to the anteriority and posteriority of the constructing elements of the text, dedicates a special chapter in his book with the title al-Taghdim wa al-Ta’khir (Anteriority and Posteriori). In this chapter, he studies the structure of the text regarding the anteriority and posteriori of the terms and compounds with respect to the ordering and arrangement of the constructing components of the text, the role of state, situation, situational context, and the addresser and addressee status. This paper, descriptively and analytically, attempts to compare the views of Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani with those of Holliday pertaining to the textual structure and components. It also analyzes the rhetorical evidences on the basis of text structure and its relevant expressions.