Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Year:2013 | Volume:- | Issue:SUPPLEMENT|Papers Count:18

Background: Adenotonsillar hyperplasia causes upper airway obstruction leading to obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of this search was to investigate the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the rate of resolution or improvement in enuresis following surgery for relief of adenotonsillar.Methods: All children aged 3-15 years who underwent adenotonsillectomy were included (n=404).The study was carried out from March 2005 and March 2006 in Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital. A questionnaire regarding voiding problems, including nocturnal enuresis (NE) and voids per day was filled out preoperatively as well as postoperatively by the patients and their parents. Those patients with a positive history of both NE and Adenotonsillar hypertrophy along with OSA were surveyed to determine whether there was no change in enuresis, decreased enuresis, or no enuresis postoperatively.Results: A total of 404 children who had undergone tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were studied and data regarding enuresis available in their charts. A number of 92 of these 404 (22.77%) children had a positive history of enuresis. Of the 92 children with a positive history, 57 (61.95%) were female, and 35 (38.05%) were male. All 92 children with enuresis underwent adenotonsillectomy. Postoperatively, 53 patients (57.6%) had complete resolution of enuresis, 25 (27.17%) had significant improvement and 14 (15.21%) showed no change. A Chi-square test showed a statistically significant difference among the groups (P<0.001).Conclusions: Nocturnal enuresis is common among children with upper airway obstruction. Adenotonsillectomy has a favorable therapeutic effect on enuresis in children with obstructive sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hyperplasia postoperatively.

Background: Global greenhouse gas emissions increasing are due to use of various energy sources. This causes adverse consequences for the environment including global warming, and has environmental effects on various areas, This paper aimed at assessment of greenhouse gasses emissions (CH4, CO2) result in one of the sugar production unit's practices in Sugarcane Development Company, south Iran, including sugarcane farms and sugarcane production plant.Methods: Emission factor method and process understanding has been used to estimate of CH4 and CO2 emission from existing emission sources and obtained data has been modified based on the opinions of experts and production staff.Results: Results showed lime kilns, diesel generators, steam boilers and electrical equipment were the main source of greenhouse gases, and the total emissions of carbon dioxide and methane were, 279695.528 and 3134.07 tons per year, respectively.Conclusion: Boilers of sugar plant and burning of sugarcane farms were the most contribution to CO2 and CH4 emissions, respectively. Moreover lime kiln and diesel generators showed the least carbon dioxide and methane emission respectively.

Background: Public swimming pools are suitable places for infectious transmission and skin diseases. Fungal contamination is the important index to evaluate hygiene swimming pools. This study aimed to inspect the fungal contamination and a number of physico-chemical parameters in Hamadan indoor public swimming pools.Methods: Four active indoor public swimming pools in Hamadan were evaluated during four month. Sampling was performed twice per month (first and third week of each month) and microbiological, physico-chemical tests were carried out according to standard methods. The evaluated parameters were residual chlorine, pH, water temperature, counting and identification of the fungi. Descriptive statistics and T-student have been used for data analysis. Significance level has been chosen at 0.05.Results: Results showed that the water temperature mean was 29.31oC, pH and residual chlorine were 7.38 and 0.84 ppm, respectively. Statistical analysis found significant relation between the frequencies of fungi isolated from margin pools with season sampling (P.value£0.01). Fungi isolated from environmental pools (except water) includedAlternaria spp. (7), Aspergillus spp. (11), Aspergillus niger spp. (1), Cladosporium spp. (47), Penicillium spp. (15), Phoma Spp. (1), Rhodotorula Spp. (1) and highest percentage was belong toCladosporium spp.; There was no fungal isolated from pools water samples.Conclusion: According to the results, the isolated fungi were saprophytic genome and can be concluded that the improving the environmental health and swimmers behavior is effective in reducing fungal contamination.

Background: Maritime transport from the beginning of human history, has played a fundamental role in shaping human societies and their economic development. In this era the communication arteries are the foundation of any country's economy. Due to the development of the necessary ports, coastal dredging activities in Iran had a growing trend during over the past two decades. However, from an environmental perspective less attention has been made particularly for the management of dredged material.. In this paper, the environmental risks of dredging operations were identified and ranked at Bandar Imam Khomeini.Methods: The Delphi questionnaires were applied in order to initially create the important risk factors associated with dredging operations.. Then, multi-criteria decision making techniques were developed to calculate the likelihood of weighted index entropy measures, severity and likelihood of each risk has been detected, identified and prioritizes as significant risks using the Simple-additive-weighting (SAW) technique.Results: The results show that the size and concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals increased in aquatic organisms tissue and are noted as important risks as the first and second stress in the aquatic habitats. Creating of disorder in the context of the nature of bed sea during the dredging operations has also been ranked as the third factor.Conclusion: Primarily of dredging operations will ultimately lead to ecological imbalance, environmental risks and leads to disturbance in the location of the dredging.

Background: Reducing the microbial flora in the mouth and teeth, preventing gum disease and tooth decay; the use of antimicrobial agents, especially plant antimicrobial substances are very important due to their side effects than the chemical substances.Eucalyptusis one of these plants which show antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial effects of methanolic essential oil of Eucalyptus glubulos leaves against a number of oral cavity bacteria Method: Eucalyptus tree leaves after collection, distillation with water byclevenger (BP), afterwards the weight of oil and diluted with double dilution method to 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg / ml which was prepared with methanol, then the antimicrobial effect was determined by E. Test method based minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) on four oral bacteria; S. sangois S. salivarius, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei.Results: The MICs obtained for tested bacteria were 125, 250 and 125 mg / ml for S. mutans, S. salivarius and L. casei respectively. S. sangoiswas resistance to this essential oil. All bacteria were resistant to the methanol that it was used as a negative control.Conclusion: Most of oral cavity pathogen bacteria which tested in this study showed a valuable sensitivity to Eucalyptus glubulos extract. This recommends use of this compound as an alternative for antimicrobial chemical agents.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major health hazard particularly in immunodeficient patients, patients in ICU and burn units. It may be originated from different sources, and comprises a high colonization and transmission capacity. The present study aimed to investigate the genotypic variation of Pseudomonas aeroginosastrains isolated from burn patients using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method.Methods: Within 70 clinical samples collected from burn patients in Taleghani Burn Hospital, 44 samples were positive forP. aeruginosa by application of conventional tests. The RAPD-PCR method was applied according to standard method using a short single primer. The technique created repetitive electrophoresis patterns, which was used for genotypic differentiation.Results: Genetic fingerprinting of RAPD-PCR, created 13 different genotypic patterns with base pair length ranging from 180 to 2700. Each isolate roughly showed between three to six genotypic patterns. The patterns comprised nine genotypic diversity, designated as I to IX with genotype I as the most common, identified in 20% bacterial isolates. The least prevalent genotypes were V and VIII, identified in only 5% isolates.Conclusion: Based on the results, RAPD-PCR technique was found as an useful tool to investigate the genetic variation for P.aeruginosastrains. This technique is a rapid and low cost genotypic method with high discriminatory power. The results could assist the screening of original infection caused by P.aeruginosastraines with subsequent control of colonization and transmission.

Background: Coronary artery bypass surgery is a common treatment for cardiovascular patients. Depression leads to increase mortality and low performance in post-operative patients. Considering controversial results in previous studies about depression, and use of self-report questionnaries in most of previous studies, the aim of this study was to assess depression prevalence before and after the surgery, with Hamilton Depression Scale and to dertermine the relationship with clinical and demographic factors in patients who were candidate for bypass surgery in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital.Methods: A number of 62 patients who were admitted for coronary artery bypass graft surgery were interviewed and their demographic and clinical A number of the Hamilton Depression Scale were completed one day before, 5 days after and one month after surgery. Data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 17win. Variables were compared using paired T-test, ANOVA, Friedman or Chi-square test based on the circumstances. P£0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Although, patient depression severity decreased in each of the three assessment times respectively, but 20.96% of the patients had depression. Female gender and unemployment were predictors of depression in each of the three assessment periods. P value one day before and 5 days after surgery were, respectively 0.0001 and 0.004, and one month after surgery were, respectively 0/006 and 0.049.Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence rate of depression in patients candidate for or undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery, seems necessary psychiatric evaluation of them to identify those in need of psychiatric treatment.

Background: Construction and performance of industrial companies in different parts of Khuzestan province around Karoon and Dez rivers without considering the wastes, enters a huge amounts of contaminant into these rivers. Some of these factories have no waste refinement system. However, the analysis and periodic control of heavy metal contents of the mentioned rivers seems necessary.Methods: Samples were collected according to sampling standards at four seasons namely, Summer, fall, and winter in year 85 and spring in 86, from 11 selected stations different. Then they were transferred to laboratory for digestion and analysis. Samples were digested according to standard methods. Cobalt, Ni, Cd, Pb, and V were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption and Cr were read by flame atomic absorption.Results: It is illustrated from the results that V, Co, and Pb of all stations in spring are higher than other results. Cadmium in summer also had higher amounts on all studied stations compared to other seasons results. Higher value for Pb and Cd was reported for Sade Gotvand and those of V and Co were related to Karoon- Bandeghir station. Ni does not obey any distinguished variation and its higher amounts were in Bandemizan station. Chromium value was approximately the same in all stations at different seasons Conclusion: According to drought on past years and with reference to aerologist approximately no rain in the province during spring and summer 85-86 most pollution is in these two seasons. The cause is lower water flow and accommodation of rural and industrial water in these rivers.

Background: Dust storms are meteorological phenomenwna commonwhich are in arid and semi-arid regions. Exposure to dust storms which transport industrial particles and microorganisms could exacerbate or induce skin disorders. Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city are particularly the regions that confronted with dust storms. The present study aimed to compare skin symptoms in periods of blowing dust storms with normal conditions.Methods: Data were recorded on demographic characteristics and skin symptoms of patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital skin clinic and four privateclinics were recorded. Data were obtained during the periods of normal conditions and dust storms and analyzed by computerized program SPSS version 19.Results: a total of 857 patients were evaluated. Four hundred and fifty for dust storm period and 407 were assessed in normal condition. Considering age and sex there was no significant difference between two groups. Skin itching and eczema were significantly different between two groups (p˂0, 001).Conclusion: As this study demonstrated increase in skin itching during dust storms, probably there is a direct relationship between dust storms and induction or exacerbation of skin disorders.

Background: Burn wound provide a suitable environment for the growth of infectious agents. These infections are known for 50% of death causes. This study proposed to isolate fungi agents from burn wounds and verify their susceptibility to antifungal drugs.Methods: A total of 104 admitted patients from Ahvaz Taleghani Hospital were contributed in this study and samples were collected using sterile swabs. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and confirmation tests were carried out using light microscopy. The disk diffusion method was applied to determine drug sensitivity of fungal agents against antifungal drugs.Results: Findings showed 15 patients (14.42%) were contaminated to different fungal agents including Candida albicans; 6 cases (40%), C. glabrata; 2 cases (13.33%), Aspergillus niger; 2 cases (13.33%) and C. dubliniensis, A. fumigatus, A. flavus, Penicilliumand Macor; 1 case (6.66%) each. It is notable that the most frequent fungal agents isolated from children with 13 cases (86.66%). The antifungal sensitivity assay showed that all isolates were resistant to fluconazole and highest sensitivity (66.46%) was observed for clotrimazole.Conclusion: Candida species isolated from burn wounds were the most frequent causes followed byAspergillus species. In addition, the research showed that the fungal agents in admitted children could be colonized more in comparison to other age groups. Therefore, the fungal agents should be more considered on burn wounds. This study strongly suggests the antifungal sensitivity assay for isolated fungal agents are carried out on admitted patients over period of times.

Background: The ultimate goal of medical institutes in every country is enhancing the satisfaction and quality care of patients. On the other hand, repeated assessment level of patients satisfaction demonstrate system pathway to managers. Hence, this research was assigned to asses the patients satisfaction for the years of 2005, 2007 and 2008 Methods: this is an analytic-descriptive research which carried out for three years. Sample size was contained 200 confined patients every year, that gathered by convenience method in one month. collecting data using a researcher making guestionnaire. Data analysis was developed using SPSS software version 18.Results: Means of satisfaction in (2005-2007-2008) years, were consequently 2.51±0.44, 2.95±0.44, 2.43±0.47, that measure in moderate level. In analytic assessment between gender and relying to personnel too, between total satisfaction and grade by x2 test, relationship was significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: According to decrease mean of patients satisfaction in 2008 comparison to 2005 & 2007 in all variables, it is suggested that the hospital managers design administer sufficient plan to enhance patients' satisfaction.

Background: Occupational stress define as stress that produce by work because fire fighter were exposed to stressor events more than other people so the present research was conducted to evaluated the stress factors in fire fighter from Tehran fire fighting organization.Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive- analytical study was conducted in 2011 on the 55 man firefighters who were selected randomly. Self-report questionnaire was used to measure stress. In order to assess stressors factorcs and public health, the Lutanz and Goldberg questionnaires were applied, respectively. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS16 with Chi square and T-Student's t-test.Results: The number of 36 (44.44%) of the surveyed firefighters were married and 19 (36.84%) of them were single. Of 55 firefighters, 34 (61.8%) less than 30 years, 9 (16.4%) between 31- 40 years, 12 firefighter (21.8%) had more than 40 years of age. That of 36 (65.5%) out of 55 firefighters had occupation stress.Results showed that job tenure (P=0.02), operation (P=0.01), health (P=0.01) and shiftwork (P=0.03) had significance correlations with occupational stress.Conclusion: Results revealed that plural; firefightes were being at risk of occupation stress disorder. This problem suggests the necessity of coping skills training for this group of people.

Background: Chemical reactions and flames used in the laboratories are the main sources of nitrogen oxide production. However because of high toxicity of nitrogen oxides, it was decided to determine the extent of NOx pollution in the work place atmosphere of the pharmacy laboratories personnel.Material and Methods: The air of five different laboratories was sampled for three days. Gritz-Saltzman method was used for the NOx determination. In this method NO2 was absorbed in an absorbing solution. Nitrogen oxide (NO) was converted to nitrogen dioxide by passing the air through potassium dichromate solution before have been passing into absorbing solution. The nitrogen oxide concentrations of collected samples were determined using calibration equation obtained at maximum wavelength of 550 nm.Results: As it is indicated from the results there were significant differences between NO2 concentrations of all laboratories. No significant differences were observed between their NO concentrations. Total concentration of nitrogen oxides in the Analytical chemistry, central, toxicology, pharmagenosy and hydrology laboratories in the working days are 2.545, 3.55, 2.90, 3.18, and 6.65 ng mL-1, respectively.Conclusion: As the comparison of the results with the value reported by EPA showed atmosphere of no laboratories in the pharmacy school are polluted. These data also indicate relatively good operation qualities of the ventilation systems in the laboratories. So there is no need to be worry about personnel's health concerning NOx pollution.

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Background: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are important in the anabolic hormones that are critical in the early development of childhood years. The influence of exercise training on anabolic hormones was proved for the growth and development. Exercise training efficiency depends on the intensity, volume, duration, and frequency of training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1 hour water training on growth hormone (GH) and insulinlike growth factor (IGF-1) in male children.Methods: A number of 18 healthy male child (meains ± SD; age: 10 ± 2 yrs, height: 130.9 ± 6cm, weight: 26.5 ± 3 kg) randomly assigned. Exercise consisted of typical 1- hour water training in the pool with intensity of 70-80% Heart Rate Maximum while during this period, control group didn't have any specific activity and they had just been outside the pool. Blood samples were collected before and 30 min after the last practice.Results: Exercise led to significant increase in GH (P>0.05). Exercise had no significant effect on IGF-1 (P>0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, 1- hour water training with intensity of 70-80% HRmax, increase secretion GH inmale childrennine to eleven yrs (P>0.05).