JOURNAL OF MILITARY MEDICINE
Year:2020 | Volume:22 | Issue:10|Papers Count:10

Background and Aim: The use of a mask is an effective measure to reduce the transmission of Covid-19. Today, due to the lack of N95 masks and medical masks with good performance, felt masks are widely used due to their ease of manufacture and low cost. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of 3-layer felt masks containing polypropylene membranes in filtering particle size in the SARS-CoV-2 range. Methods: In this study, a 3-layer felt mask was designed. For production, materials were selected that are currently available in the market and are used by manufacturers for the bulk production of the mask. Polypropylene fabric was used as the first and third layers of the outer part of the mask and the middle layer was made of felt with a pore size of about 400 nm. The efficiency of the mask in the filtration of particles of different sizes was measured according to BS EN149 standard at a flow rate of 30 liters per minute. Results: The efficiency of the felt mask for particle filtration with a size of 300 nm, which is approximately equal to the size of the SARS-CoV-2, is in the range of 11 to 25%. While the efficiency of the mask in the filtration of particles with a size of 500 nm is about 13 to 32%. The efficiency of this mask in filtering particles with a diameter of 10 microns increased by an average of 83%. The average efficiency of the mask in particle filtration with sizes of 0. 3, 0. 5, 1, 2. 5, 5 and 10 micrometers is equal to 18, 22, 33, 50, 66 and 83%, respectively, and the average pressure drop is equal to 4 Pascal. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the use of a felt mask with such a design and structure to prevent Covid-19 is not effective enough and may even increase the prevalence of the disease by creating false confidence in individuals. Due to the widespread use of felt masks in the community, improving the filtration capability of this mask for particles smaller than 500 nm and also modifying the surface and structure of the mask by hydrophilizing polypropylene fibers inside the mask can play an important role in reducing the prevalence of Covid-19.

Background and Aim: The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event for athletes with physical disabilities or intellectual impairments. The current study develops a model of the effect of cultural intelligence on conflict resolution and the success of Iranian Paralympic athletes. Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. Participants in this study were 124 athletes with disabilities (81 men, 43 women) in 12 sport disciplines that were selected using the convenience sampling method from the participants in the 2018 Asian Paralympic Games (Jakarta) and the 2019 World and Asian Championships, which resulted in a quota for 2020 Paralympic Games (Tokyo). To collect data, the Cultural Intelligence Scale proposed by Ang and Early (2004), Conflict Resolution presented by Weeks (1994), and Fisher (1991), and Sporting Success Questionnaire (2015) of Vaez Mosavi was used. To assess the research model based on the conceptual model, the multivariate regression analysis method and structural equation modeling were used in SPSS23 and AMOS 22 software, respectively. Results: The model of the effect of cultural intelligence on conflict resolution and success of Iranian Paralympic athletes has a good fit. Cultural intelligence has a significant positive effect on conflict resolution ability (p <0. 05) and by increasing cultural intelligence, the conflict resolution ability increases in athletes. Additionally, the conflict resolution ability has a significant positive effect on sporting success (P<0. 05), and by increasing the conflict resolution ability, sporting success increases in athletes. Conclusion: The conflict resolution ability completely mediates the effect of the cultural intelligence on sporting success, and by increasing cultural intelligence, the conflict resolution ability increases in athletes, so their sporting success increases.

Background and Aim: Access to integrated information, up-to-date statistics, and timely diagnosis of the disease will help managers and health care providers to manage the crisis caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. In the present study, a management dashboard was designed by determining the key performance indicators of COVID-19. Methods: In the first step, using scientific articles published between 2019 and 2020, the most important symptoms of COVID-19 patients were identified, and demographic characteristics were considered as key performance indicators. In the next step, the data entry method was determined in such a way that after entering the patient data in the dashboard, it is possible to make a decision about his/her infection with Covid-19 and also to examine the statistics of patients by age, sex and time of infection. Finally, using Excel 2016 and QlikView software, the proposed dashboard was designed in two parts: monitoring and diagnostics. Results: Four COVID-19 diagnostic methods including epidemiological history, clinical signs, chest CT images and laboratory diagnosis were considered as components of the diagnostic dashboard and for each of them, related key indicators were identified. In the monitoring dashboard, statistics on patients, age, gender and time of onset were included as key performance indicators. Conclusion: Due to the diagnostic dashboard's ability to integrate data about COVID-19, medical staff is able to make decisions in less time and with fewer mistakes. The management and leadership team can also manage the crisis through the suitable allocation of resources by receiving up-to-date statistics and making the right decisions.

Background and Aim: Lack of attention to biomechanical parameters during sports maneuvers, especially unpredictable maneuvers can be one of the reasons for athletes' injuries in sports fields. The aim of this study was to compare the kinematic parameters of the lower limb in side-cutting maneuver with and without anticipation in male football players. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 20 male volunteer football players with a mean age of 21± 1. 3 years, weight 69± 9. 2 kg, and height 176. 3± 7. 2 cm participated. In order to record the performance of football players in 3D, 6 optoelectric motion analyzer cameras with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz were used, and the best performance was used to analyze the data. Results: Unpredictable side cut maneuver significantly reduced knee joint flexion (p=0. 002). Also, there were no significant changes in hip flexion, ankle dorsiflexion and knee valgus between two unpredictable and predictable side cut maneuvers (p<0. 05). Conclusion: It can be concluded, unpredictable maneuvers caused changes in knee joint flexions’ kinematics during the side-cutting maneuver. Therefore, we can benefit from unpredictable exercises alongside other training programs to decrease knee joint injury during sports tournaments.

Background and Aim: One of the key issues for military hospitals is to evaluate the job satisfaction of nurses. The aim of this study was to compare the job satisfaction of nurses in two hospitals of the Armed Forces. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 290 nurses working in two hospitals affiliated by the Armed Forces in Tehran, Iran in 2018. Data were collected by demographic information questionnaire and Smith’ s job satisfaction questionnaire named Job Description Index (JDI) by the self-report method. Data were analyzed using SSPS-22 software. Results: The mean score of job satisfaction of nurses in hospitals No. 1 and No. 2 was 233. 5± 30. 2 and 230. 5± 40. 7, respectively, which was not significantly different. In terms of job satisfaction dimensions, nurses of hospital No. 1 had higher scores for the dimensions of "nature of work" (P<0. 03), "salary" (P<0. 001) and "promotion" (P<0. 02) than other. In contrast, the scores of "colleagues" (P<0. 004) and "supervision" (P<0. 001) in nurses of hospital No. 2 were significantly higher than nurses of hospital No 1. Conclusion: Considering that the job satisfaction of military nurses was moderate in both hospitals, it is necessary that some measurements should be considered by managers and decision-makers to increase job satisfaction.

Background and Aim: A healthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing health problems and promoting health, and improving the quality of life. In the present study, the effect of interprofessional spiritual health education on the lifestyle of military students was determined. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between March 2018 and June 2019. A total of 110 final senior nursing and paramedical students studying at Aja University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of control and intervention. Spiritual health educational intervention was performed in the form of 2 workshops (4 to 6 hours) for the intervention group. Standard questionnaires of spiritual health and health-promoting lifestyle were completed in pre-test and post-test by both groups. Results: The findings indicate a significant effect of interprofessional spiritual health education on the lifestyle of military students. The highest effect for the variable of responsibility for health and nutrition with the observed effect was 0. 49 and the least effective for the variable of interpersonal relationships with the observed t was 0. 10. Conclusion: Considering the significant effect of interprofessional spiritual health education on students' lifestyle, it is necessary for education officials to take serious action to review and update the content and curricula and to include the topic of "spiritual health” .

Background and Aim: Information systems are always at risk of information theft, information change, and interruptions in service delivery. Therefore, the present study was conducted to develop a model for identifying information security risk in military hospitals in Iran. Methods: This study was a qualitative content analysis conducted in military hospitals in Iran in 2019. The sample consisted of 8 experts in the field of health information. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using framework analysis and MAXQDA 12 software. Results: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of 78 codes and 16 categories in 7 themes (management in information security, patient information security, information security in organizational resources, organize in information security, communication in information security, monitoring, and control, equipment security). Information security in organizational resources has the highest number of codes and the management in information security and communication in information security have the least number of codes. Conclusion: Health care organization's security programs, especially in military hospitals faced with many challenges, the first step of which is to identify potential risks and threats. Then develop policies, guidelines, and programs to eliminate or reduce these threats.

Background and Aim: In most studies, in the treatment of war wounds, debridement and delayed wound healing have been suggested and there has been no emphasis on initial wound closure. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes and complications of primary closure of wounds in war-wounded referred to a hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 102 war-wounded with initial wound closure transferred to a hospital in Tehran, Iran during the first six months of 2018 were studied. Information about wound characteristics in terms of wound formation factor, wound formation time to initial healing, wound length, repair complications and outcomes of initial closure were done. Results: 102 war-wounded were men with a mean age of 28. 2± 5. 7 years. The most common cause of trauma was shotgun (fragment) in 39 patients (64. 4%). The mean time interval to transfer to the district hospital was 5. 5± 1. 3 days. The most common complication after initial closure in all injuries of different parts of the body was lower extremity ulcer of 22 patients (45. 8%) with ecchymosis. There was no significant relationship between wound closure time and complications of healing. Conclusion: According to the results, when the wounds of war are not contaminated, the initial closure of the wound in the early hours will result in favorable healing and reduce complications among the wounded. However, it is necessary for military medicine officials to pay special attention to the management and appropriate measures in order to improve the medical care of war wounded.

Background and Aim: Increasing the prevalence of diabetes requires a change in concepts related to diabetes management and treatment programs. This change must be switch from the physical variables to psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on psychological hardiness, caring behavior and coping styles of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test intervention with a control group. The population consisted of diabetic patients who were referred to Besat Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2020. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups of 20 people. One group trained by using the ACT approach in eight 2-hour sessions. Other groups trained by CBT approach in an eight 1-hour sessions training. The control group didn't receive any training. The data collection tools consisted of the Kobasa psychological hardiness questionnaire (1979), the Endler & Parker coping styles (1990), and the Toobert Hampson, Glasgow self-care questionnaire (2000). Results: The CBT and ACT interventions are effective in increasing the psychological hardiness and self-care behavior and improving coping styles in the experimental groups (P<0. 05). Also the CBT intervention had a greater effect than ACT on the variables of psychological hardiness and self-care behavior in the experimental group. In the variable of coping styles, the ACT intervention had a greater effect on the avoidance and excitement components than the CBT intervention. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the CBT and ACT interventions can effectively increase the mental health of patients with type 2 diabetes and help them control their symptoms. It is recommended using these interventions to improve the psychological status of patients with diabetes.