Payesh
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:11

Objective (s): One of the factors affecting life expectancy is health expenditure. Considering the different effects and outcomes of private and public health expenditures on health in Iran, the aim of this study was to investigate the causality between public and private health expenditures and life expectancy in the short and long term in Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out at the national level using Vector Error Correction Model for Iran. Data were obtained from annual time series for the 2000-2017, extracted from the World Bank website. The model and related tests were estimated in Eviews 10 software. Results: The results showed that there was a two-way causality relationship between public expenditure and life expectancy in the short and long term. Also, private health expenditures had a causal relationship with life expectancy, but life expectancy had no causal impact on private health expenditures in the short and long term. The years of schooling and income had a positive impact and inflation had a negative impact on public and private health expenditures in Iran. Conclusion: Public health expenditures had a causal effect on life expectancy. Therefore, policies for increasing investment in infrastructure and enhancing preventive health services, improving and promoting health technology and training specialist forces that are dependent on public expenditures are essential for promoting community health. Also, due to the effect of private health expenditure on life expectancy, in order to increase life expectancy and community health, supportive and insurance policies for low-income households are necessary to compensate for some of the health costs.

Objective (s): Many information sources including mass media provide health information in order to increase awareness and promote people's health. The aim of this study was to examine people’ s trust in mass media and virtual social networks health information. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of adults aged 18 to 65 years living in Tehran, Iran. The data were collected using a questionnaire and descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data. Results: A total of 1174 adults (581 women and 615 men) with a mean age of 37. 2 ± 13. 02 years and mean education years of 12. 5 ± 3. 8 years were studied. The highest trust in health information was reported for television (65%) followed by radio (56%). This for social media was 30%. The results obtained from multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that there were no association between trust and demographic variables. However, association between trust and the amount of mass media or social networks use was observed. A unit, increase in the use of mass media and social networks health information increased the odds for trust about 2 to 3. 4 times. Conclusion: The study results showed that people’ s trust on television and radio for seeking health information was relatively high. This implies that those who provide health for television v and radio have significant responsibility to convey correct information to the public.

Objective (s): To find out facilitators and هinhibitors for fertility desire among married people. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a convenient sample of married citizens referred to comprehensive centers of urban and rural health services in Khomeini city, Isfahan province, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using a questionnaire. For analyzing data, descriptive tests were performed using SPSS 20 software. Results: A total of 400 married individuals were entered into the study. The mean (SD) age of participants was 33. 2 (6. 75) years. The most commonly facilitating factors included decrease in treatment cost for infertility (76%), fear of fertility at higher age (74. 8%), improved techniques for childbirth (62. 5%), the belief that childbearing could strengthen family life (58. 6%), the help one might receive from child later in life (52/15%). The most important preventive reasons were: concern about future education (80. 3%) and job (80. 3%) and economic problems by bringing new children (58. 5%), and inadequate income (57. 3%). Conclusion: The findings from the study indicated a number of facilitating and inhibiting factors for fertility desire among married individuals. It seems that any interventions without considering such factors might be unsuccessful.

Objective (s): Many cancer cases are diagnosed in late stages. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the colorectal cancer screening scale in people under 50 years old. Methods: A sample of male and females selected by randomized blocking method and completed the screening questionnaire. For reliability and validity, the Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, Fornell-Larker matrix and second-order confirmatory factor analysis were using Smart-PLS (Partial least squares) software were used. Results: In all 160 people aged 30 to 50 years old completed the questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 37. 56 ± 5. 67 years. The majority 101 were female, most (88. 1%) were married and only 46 had a university education. By eliminating 15 questions from 37 colorectal cancer screening questions, the model was fitted appropriately. Also, the divergent and convergent validity of the model was confirmed. Response efficiency and perceived self-efficacy had maximum and minimum factor loading respectively (0. 35 and 0. 19). The total Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient was 0. 86 and the composite reliability coefficients were higher than 0. 7 and were at the optimum level. Conclusion: The results shown that the colorectal cancer screening scale with 22 items had acceptable validity and reliability. The scale allows us to have a better perception of the factors affecting colorectal cancer screening.

Objective (s): The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training of Iranian traditional medicine principles on health workers' lifestyle in Kashan, Iran. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study on a sample of 54 health workers. The educational intervention was performed through 5 weeks and 25 educational hours during which, principles of health maintenance (weather, exercise and resting, sleep and awakeness, eating and drinking, maintaining essential materials and repelling unnecessary materials, psychological health) were taught to health workers. Data collection was conducted before and three months following the educational intervention. Results: According to the statistical analysis significant improvement was observed in five principles (weather, sleep and awakeness, eating and drinking, maintaining essential materials and repelling unnecessary materials and psychological health). Conclusion: The findings indicated that training Iranian traditional medicine principles for maintaining health could improve the lifestyle of health workers.

Objective (s): Edutainment (education through entertainment) could be effective in promoting knowledge and creating behavioral changes among children. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of puzzle game on knowledge and oral health behavior of children. Methods: In this semi-experimented study 100 students of both genders were divided equally into two intervention and control groups. Then a “ Healthy Mouth Puzzle” game was taught to the students of intervention group through a designed banner. Data were collected by self-designed questionnaires before and immediately after intervention, and at one-month follow-up. The data were analyzed performing t-test, and one way analysis of variance. Results: The mean score of knowledge before, immediately after and one month after the implementation of the intervention were found to be 8. 92± 1. 50, 11. 0± 1. 47 and 11. 96± 1. 43 (P=0. 0001) for the intervention group. However in the control group, the difference of knowledge mean score was non significance in the three returns (P=0. 43). The mean difference of knowledge between the two groups was not significant before the intervention (P=0. 28), but the mean score of knowledge was higher in intervention group immediately after (P<0. 001) and one month follow-up assessments (P<0. 001). Positive Changes among children’ s’ oral health behavior was not significant one month after intervention in both groups. Conclusion: Puzzle game improved the students’ oral health knowledge during short period but was ineffective to promote oral health behavior.

Objective (s): Improving quality of working life (QWL) among nurses is crucial for enhancing their performance and, consequently, delivery of quality nursing care to patients. Resilience skills assist nurses to deal better with workplace adversity and demands. Hence, this research examined the effect of teaching resilience skills on nurses’ QWL in a private hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study that was carried out in 2015. Sixty nurses in a private hospital in Tehran, Iran were allotted to two experimental (30 nurses) and control (30 nurses) groups. Nurses in the experimental group were taught about the QWL, job stress, and burnout and resiliency in two 3 hours educational sessions. In addition, they attended 9 practical 1. 5 hours training sessions. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect nurses’ QWL data. Data was analyzed using SPSS, v. 17 statistical software. Results: The mean score of nurses’ QWL in the intervention group increased from 2. 68 to 3. 01 out of 5 (12. 3% increase). The paired t-test confirmed the difference as significant (p = 0. 003). There was no significant changes in the control group’ s QWL at the beginning and the end of the study (2. 68 vs. 2. 69). Resilience education and training had the most effect on disturbance handling, participation and involvement, job promotion, job security, and salaries dimensions of QWL of the study group. Conclusion: Resilience education and training reduces nurses’ job stress and improves their quality of working life.

Objective (s): The present study aimed to identify and describe the perceived risk of occupational low back pain and contributing factors among nursing personnel. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on a sample of nurses with at least one-year experience in a hospital. Focused group discussions and semi-structured interviews were conducted using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a framework. Then, they were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Results: In all 12 nursing personnel were interviewed. Predisposing factors were extracted from the sub-themes (feeling of risk, perception of the severity of the risk, self-efficacy, perception of the value of health) and reinforcement factors from subthemes (the role of colleagues in the workplace, physical and mental benefits, economic interests). Two sub-themes (facilitators and organizational barriers) were identified in relation to managerial and enabling factors. Conclusion: The analysis showed that occupational low back pain affects the individual, social and occupational life of nurses. Therefore, working conditions, mental conditions, and rules governing the hospital should be scrutinized to insure that nursing professionals maintain good health.