WOMAN & STUDY OF FAMILY
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:35 |Papers Count:11

The present research addressed the gender-related needs, problems and challenges in women affected by earthquake of Arasbaran region, East Azerbaijan employing qualitative content analysis and using semi-structured individual interviews. Participants were selected from earthquake-affected women aged 15-49 years, managers, authorities and direct service providers of East Azerbaijan Province and cities of Ahar, Haris and Varzaqan and affected villages through purposive sampling during a six-month period. Data were analyzed by means of Granhaym’ s conventional content analysis method. Coding and analysis of the interviews led to two main categories of “ women’ s gendered responsibilities” and “ cultural taboos and women’ s vulnerability” . Results showed that although earthquake created numerous problems for the whole population, women of childbearing age in the target group had unique challenges and needs and the earthquake intensified their daily confusions and imposed a heavy burden on them and that this recent incident had destructive effects on some aspects of women’ s reproductive health especially pregnant, in labor and nursing women. Because of their special situation and the dominant cultural taboos and barriers, women would be affected differently than men and as such, health service providers, policymakers and planners should pay due attention to the pressures imposed on women because of their gender roles.

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between metacognitive awareness and differentiation with sexual self-esteem in women. The research method was descriptive-correlation. Study population were all married women referred to counseling centers in Shiraz city. From Among them 200 women were selected through Random cluster sampling method, and completed the questionnaires of metacognitive awareness Shaaraw and Denison (MAI), differentiation Askurn and Friedlander(DSI), and sexual self-esteem Zeanah & Schwarz (SSEI-W). Data were analyzed using SPSS software in two statistical levels, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis). Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between the metacognitive awareness and its dimensions with sexual self-esteem (p<0/01). Also in dimensions of differentiation, there was a significant positive correlations between “ I Position” and self-esteem (p<0/01). Results of regression analysis showed that among dimensions of metacognitive awareness, cognition knowledge, and among dimensions of differentiation “ I Position” significantly were able to predict sexual selfesteem.

The aim of this study was to estimate the validity and reliability of the multiple response-multiple choice academic achievement tests. The design of this study was psychometric. Population of study included all of the courses presented in the second semester of academic year 2015-2016 at Tabriz Islamic Azad University, for master's degree in educational science department, which were 65 courses and the sample was 4 courses which were randomly selected. Measuring devices, including researcher made academic achievement tests, which their content validity was confirmed by 5 professors and their internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. To investigate the validity of the test, the correlation between multiple response-multiple choice test and other types of tests was calculated by using Pearson correlation test. The results showed that, the designed multiple response-multiple choice tests were reliable and the correlation between the scores of multiple response-multiple choice tests and the scores of True-False tests, Short answer tests, Essay test and Matching tests were statistically significant and the correlation coefficients respectively were 0. 628, 0. 771, 0. 865, 0. 669. Therefore multiple responsemultiple choice tests, which were designed, were valid and also reliable by estimating its correlation with other types of tests.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between communicational beliefs and degree of marriage instability among the female and male married. The study method survey research and the statistical community was allmarried staff of Shahid Beheshti University. The sample group was included 150( 76 male, 74 female) that were selected by disposal sampling method. An assessment instrument was Relational beliefs inventory (RBI) and Index of Marriage Instability of Edwards and et al (1987). Data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. Finding demonstrated that there is significant relationship between disagreement is destructive and communicational beliefs and marriage instability (P<0/05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that disagreement is destructive in two steps, could explain (0/070) of variance in marriage instability. This result may help to predicting and solving of marriages issues.

The purpose of this study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between attributive style and the style of coping with stress with psychological capital among women who head families in the city of Zanjan in 3 last months of 2015. For this purpose, from 1, 750 women who head households, 320 were selected by random stratified sampling. To collect the data, psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ), attributive style questionnaire (ASQ), and Andler-Parker’ s stress coping questionnaire were used the method was correlation. The data and hypothesis of the research were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression through 22nd version of SPSS software. The findings of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship (p <0/01) between the attributive style and style for stress coping and the psychological capital of the women who head the households. And also there was a negative significant correlation (p <0/05) in subscales of general negative attribution. There was a positive significant correlation (p <0/01) between problem-focused style of coping with stress. Also, there was a negative significant correlation (p <0/01) between emotion-oriented style of coping with stress and avoidance style of coping with stress. In general it can be concluded that the attributive style and the style of coping with stress can predict the psychological capital of the women who head households.

The aim of this study was to predict classroom management style based on knowledge of behavior modification techniques and style of life. The statistical population included all primary school teachers of Shabestar County, (397 female teachers and 442 male teachers). The sample size was stratified by random sampling method based on Morgan table, and 233 persons (110 woman teachers and 123 man teachers) were selected. The instrument used in this study included Miller and Smith's lifestyle questionnaire, Wolfgang and Glickman's classroom management style questionnaire and a researcher made aware of the behavior modification techniques questionnaire that were distributed in the primary school of Salmas. Content validity of questionnaires was confirmed by masters and also the internal reliability of questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and came out to be 0. 83, 0. 85 and 0. 82 respectively. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used. The results showed that between lifestyle and knowledge of behavior modification techniques with classroom management style, there is a significant positive relationship and classroom management style based on lifestyle and knowledge of behavior modification techniques, is predictable. In addition, based on the results between the male and female teachers related to the lifestyle, knowledge of behavior change and modification techniques and classroom management style, there was no statistically significant difference.

Globalization is a multidimensional phenomenon and each dimention can affect the families. In today's world, families are the subject to change more than ever. Since understanding globalization and its effects can be effective in taking advantage of positive opportunities and dealing properly with challenges, it is essential to consider the role of demographic variables as important factors in making objective structure in families and societies. This article aimed to identify the effect of the most changing dimensions of demographic aspects of Iranian families while dealing with globalization. The article also aimed to reach a comprehensive understanding of demographic changes of families in Iran. Accordingly, documents and secondary statistical analysis were employed to investigate the changes in families and the role of globalization in such changes. Findings indicated that although certain changes have occurred in families in most countries, showing the changing families with economic and environmental conditions including Iranian ones, local factors must be taken into account because we are faced with resistance of local culture and Iranian families against such changes in globalization.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of career anchors on productivity of male and female PE teachers in Tabriz. This research, was a descriptive and correlation one and it was conducted in the field. The populations include all PE teachers in Tabriz (334 persons). The sample of this study was 179 PE teachers who were selected randomly according to Morgan table. For data collection questionnaires of productivity (Hersy& Goldsmith, 1994) and career anchors (Shain, 2006) were used. These questionnaires, after the confirmation of their validity and reliability, were distributed among the samples. The result showed that the Managerial Competence of PE teacher has a positive significant impact on their productivity. However, the Technical Functional Competence, Security &Stability, Entrepreneurial Creativity, Autonomy & Independence, Service & Dedication, ChallengePure, Life of PE teachers do not have any significant impact on their productivity (p>0/05).