Tibbi- i- kar
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: Usability is an index to assess a product from the viewpoint of user's satisfaction, efficiency and productivity improvement. The main attributes of usability that are derived from the human factors and are used in usability design of the interfaces include: compatibility, consistency, flexibility, minimal action, perceptual limitation, usefulness, learnability, ease of use, minimal memory load, user guidance, satisfaction and errors. The main aim of this study was to assess the usability of interface design tool for a ventilator utilized in the hospitals of Arak city, Iran, and to study its validation and reliability. Methods: After constructing the initial questionnaire from the standard sources, specific techniques to determine the validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for the validity and reliability study. The study procedure was determining the scope and dimensions of the questions, drafting questionnaire, assigning members of the expert panel, study, questionnaire data acquisition and analysis methods, determining acceptance criteria of the questions and the content validity and reliability index. Final tool was a 42-items questionnaire. Results: The content validity index (CVI) of questionnaire was 0. 86. The results showed that the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 89 as an acceptable value for the reliability of questionnaire. Conclusion: After designing the final questionnaire, and the reaching to the appropriate validity and reliability, adopting this tool to assess the usability of breathing apparatus (ventilator) is recommended. With usability assessment of such vital instruments, quality improvement, higher efficiency and productivity as well as errors reduction and good design user interface will be achieved.

Introduction: Mmusculoskeletal disorders are the most prevalent diseases and occupational injuries of workers. Handicrafts of high-risk occupations are considered to impose tasks with repetitive nature and undesirable postures. Despite much research on musculoskeletal disorders due to work in industries, workshops have been less well received attention than other groups. The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in Isfahan in 1396. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was performed on 249 employees in the industry. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire on personal characteristics and body scales. Data were analyzed using T-test, and Mann Whitney U test, by SPSS software (ver. 16). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test normality of data. Results: Findings showed that musculoskeletal complaints are frequent in this occupation, so that 89. 4% of the subjects experienced at least one discomfort in one organ. The most common complaints were neck, waist, and back pain. With increasing age and work experience, complaints increased significantly, but there was not a significant relationship between the frequency of complaints of musculoskeletal disorders with working hours, body mass index and gender. Conclusion: Considering that skeletal musculoskeletal complaints were high in the occupations being studied in this profession, preventive measures and training programs in this group seems necessary.

Introduction: In today work settings, work-family conflict as a main stressor has become an important and influential factor as well as a strong predictor of various personal and work-related outcomes. Consequently, the main purpose of this research was to predict perceived work-family conflict through components of psychological healthy workplace. Methods: The study population included the employees of all public organizations of a city in Isfahan province, in the spring of 2016. Totally, 202 individuals were selected through random sampling. The research instruments consisted of work-family conflict and psychological healthy workplace questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between all components of psychological healthy workplace with perceived work-family conflict (P<0/01). Moreover, the result of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that, from all components of psychological healthy workplace, only access to money could predict significantly 18. 7% of work-family conflict variances (P<0/01). Conclusion: According to the findings, despite the association between components of psychological healthy workplace with work-family conflict, "access to money" as one of the most important components is the strongest and the only predictor of work-family conflict. Consequently, work-family conflict perception could be decreased through increasing psychological healthy workplace components.

Introduction: Working in noisy environments may cause hearing loss. Studies have shown that some factors along with noise are independently involved in hearing loss, one of which is cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on hearing loss in workers exposed to occupational noise. Methods: The workers’ hearing loss was measured through a tonal hearing test (air-conduction). Their demographic information was also recorded and evaluated using some checklists. This was a casecontrol study on workers of an automotive industry. Results: A total of 250 people were enrolled in this study, of whom 133 were smokers and 117 were non-smokers. The mean age of the participants was 36. 07 ± 3. 66 years, and there was no significant difference between two groups in terms of age. The mean sound pressure level in the work environment was 86 dB based on the ISO standard. There was a significant difference between the hearing loss levels in the right and the left ears of two groups of smokers and non-smokers. Hearing loss at most frequencies was higher in smokers. Conclusion: In general, smoking plays a significant role in hearing loss along with other factors, such as noise in the workplace, and conducting periodic audiometric tests to identify smokers with hearing impairment can be effective in primary or secondary prevention of occupational hearing impairment.

Introduction: The spinal cord trauma is a lost physical performance that causes physical limitations in addition to mental, social and economic disadvantages. The mouth and tooth health is known as one of the related issues to the physical quality of life. Providing the conditions of the more independence for these people in brushing teeth can improve the level of mouth and tooth hygiene. The aim of this study is offering proper patterns in designing toothbrush by emphasizing on the tetraplegia handicapped. Methods: The results indicate, by considering the motoric limitations of spinal cord injury handicapped (C5-C7) and re-revaluating the dimensions of their palms, it should use stammer instead of grip. Also, by considering the movement rang among handicaps, the rotation of the brush set in 2 directions, brush fixation in 4 degrees and the angle between the brush and handle has been considered. Results: The results show that the light and sanitary materials should be used in producing. The handle of toothbrush should have a little friction with the user’ s hand. The pressure points should be identified and investigated, but a little pressure on hand is necessary due to grip of toothbrush. Conclusion: It seems that in designing a product, the weight, the facility and the used material must be considered. A little pressure on hand is necessary due to grip of toothbrush.

Introduction: Farmers that are exposed to the organic dust, bacteria, endotoxins, mites, and fungi, as well as the hazardous gases such as ammonia, sulfides, hydrogen and nitrogen oxides, may be affected by allergic asthma, non-allergic rhinitis, and organic dust toxic syndrome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and spirometry parameters in two groups of poultry and livestock breeders in Yazd City. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed in Yazd on 300 farmers. The questionnaire included demographic information, including age, work experience, cigarette smoking, the type of agricultural activity and respiratory symptoms among farmers. Spirometry was performed in a sitting position after the animals were fed. Moreover, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF25-75 were measured. T-test and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that respiratory capacity in the poultry workers was less than livestock breeders. Prevalence of Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, wheezing and rhinitis in poultry workers was significantly higher than those in livestock breeders. The most prevalent disorder in poultry workers was allergic rhinitis. With the exception of allergic rhinitis, respiratory symptoms increased with ageThe prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher among smokers than non-smokers, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of respiratory symptoms among farmers, agricultural mechanization and promotion of framers' knowledge about hea; th by implementing appropriate training programs is necessary.

Introduction: In this study, we assessed the effect of bright light emitted by light box on fatigue, and sleepiness of nurses. Methods: Forty four healthy female shift work nurses were allocated into two groups of intervention and control. In the first stage, bright light was emitted to the nurses in the intervention group by the light box, and bright light was not emitted to the control group. In the next stage (one month later), we emitted bright light to the control group in the first stage (cross-over design). Main outcome measures assessed were fatigue and sleepiness. We used Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of fatigue, and, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Fatigue and sleepiness were assessed every hour, during next 24 hours. Results: During 24 hours of the assessment of fatigue (VAS), the trend of changes in two groups were in opposite direction and almost all the time of 24 hours, the mean value of two groups were significantly different. In addition, the effect of intervention on the mean values of KSS during 24 hours was significant and the mean values in two groups were significantly different and the trend of changes in two groups were in opposite direction. Conclusion: The bright light exposure in nurses resulted in changing the trend of fatigue and sleepiness in opposite directions compared to the controls. The minimum of fatigue occurred at 4 am which was time of maximum fatigue in the controls. Also, minimum sleepiness in the cases who were exposed to the bright light was at 4 am.

Introduction: Vulnerability introduces the sensitivity of a system versus internal faults or external threats. A vulnerable system cannot recover itself aftershocks and may be disabled to provide services. In this study in order to achieve a resilient city gate station (CGS), vulnerability of the system was identified via SVA procedure. Moreover, using the resilience engineering approach, safety level of a CGS was improved against industrial crises. Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted in a CGS according to typical design of stations. During this study, SVA procedure, forms and tables were modified and prepared to evaluate vulnerability. In the next stage, the study was conducted in 6 phases according to SVA model and experts panel. Results: According to the results two industrial crises (explosion / fire and gas pressure drop) were more important than other industrial crises mentioned (regarding adverse effects on the station, the station neighbors and gas consumers). According to this study, the most important assets of CGS station were respectively heater, valves, inlet and outlet and turbine meter and the biggest threat were gas pressure drop and explosion / fire in the station. Finally, regarding the vulnerability scores, 15 solutions were presented to improve the safety level of CGS stations. Conclusion: SVA modeling in comparison to other methods of risk management such as HAZOP and QRA has a wider vision and in order to conclude the viewpoints, takes into account attractiveness, importance, and system protections and threats as well.