MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY
Year:2020 | Volume:30 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Background: Nursing in intensive care units is associated with various stressors that can affect the psychological state. In this study, the effect of positive thinking training on the happiness and resiliency of nurses in intensive care units was investigated. Materials and methods: A total of 60 nurses from Shohadaye Tajrish and Shahid Taleghani hospitals of Tehran City were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received teaching positive thinking skills for 8 sessions (each session was 1. 5 hours). Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire on demographic data, Oxford Happiness Index (OHI), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. Results: Demographic variables had no significant differences between two groups. There was no significant difference in the mean of happiness and resiliency in the pre-test stage between two groups. The results of covariance analysis indicated the effectiveness of intervention in increasing happiness and resiliency, so that 55% of changes in variance of happiness and 43% of changes in variance of resiliency were due to independent variable. Conclusion: Training of positive thinking skills improved nurses' happiness and resilience. These interventions are an uncomplicated and effective method that can be used extensively in nurses to improve psychological components.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous seizures, learning and memory deficiency, loss of neurons, mossy fiber sprouting and tissue apoptosis. This study was to investigate the effect of NOP receptor agonist (MCOPPB) and antagonist (SB612111) on seizure and cognitive dysfunction and histological studies in experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy in male rat. Materials and methods: in this study, 50 male rats were divided into six groups, including sham, epileptic, valperoic treated epileptic, NOP receptor agonist and antagonist treated epileptic. Finally, seizure behavior, short-term (Y-maze) and long-term (shuttle box) memory, GFAP value and also histologic finding (Nissel, Tim and Apoptosis staining) were evaluated. Results: Kinic acid induced seizures associated with significant seizure behavior, impairment of learning and memory and tissue damage. Pretreated epileptic rats with NOP receptor agonist decreased seizure attacks, but did not improve memory. Administration of NOP antagonist was not effective on the seizure behavior, but contribute to improve the memory and learning abilities following treatment. Also, administration of NOP agonist and antagonist increased neuron count, reduced increased sprouting of mossy fibers, cell death and the activity of astrocytes in the hippocampus. Conclusion: pre-treatment of epileptic rets with NOP receptor agonist and antagonist reduced seizures attacks and improved short-term spatial memory and tissue damage in rats.

Background: The pathway of mTORC1 is one of the most important pathway in protein synthesis, and type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance can lead to inhibit this pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of downstream and upstream mTORC1 pathways in gastrocnemius muscle in type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 16 Sprague-Dawley male rats (with mean weight of 250 ±,20 gr) were selected and after induction of diabetes by streptozotocin and nicotinamide, the rats were randomly assigned into two groups, including diabetic HIIT training and diabetic control. The experimental group performed 4 days a week the exercise training for 4 weeks, while the control group did not have any training program. Independent T-test was used to analyze the data. Results: A significant change was not observed in the total content of AKT1 proteins (p<0. 31), P70S6K1 (p<0. 69) and 4EBP1 (p<0. 84) in the HIIT training group compared to the control group, but the total protein content of mTOR (p<0. 02) and the form of phosphorylation of AKT1 (p<0. 03), mTOR (p<0. 03), P70S6K1 (p<0. 02) and 4EBP1 (p<0. 009) proteins showed significant increase in training group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The HIIT training can probably activate the pathway of AKT1/mTOR/P70S6K1 and AKT1/mTOR/4EBP1 in the mTORC1 pathway,therefore, the HIIT training can lead to protein synthesis or muscle hypertrophy through this pathway in the gastrocnemius muscle of the trained rats.

Background: Hydrodistillation is a current method to extract plant essential oils which is time consuming. It has been proposed that use of microwaves instead of direct heat could decrease the time of distillation. In this study, the effect of microwaves on chemical profile and antioxidant activity of Zatariam multiflora and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils in comparison to current hydrodistillation method was evaluated. Materials and methods: In this study, Zataria multiflora and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave assisted hydrodistillation method. Chemical profile of essential oils were determined by GC MASS. Their antioxidant activity in inhibition of free radicals were evaluated by DPPH method. Results: Microwave decreased the amount of thymol and eugenol in Zataria multiflora and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils respectively. Also, the antioxidant activity of essential oils extracted by microwaves decreased in comparison to current hydrodistillation method. Conclusion: According to the results, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of essential oils before using microwaves to extract essential oils in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. However, in order to confirm the effect of microwave waves on plant essential oils, study on more plant samples is essential.

Background: Most drugs used by pregnant women can pass through the placenta and expose embryos and developing embryos to teratogenic effects. Due to the increased cellular damage of Bax gene expression, the effect of cholorodiazepoxide use during pregnancy on Bax gene expression in the hippocampus of neonatal rats was investigated. Materials and methods: After confirmation of pregnancy in Wistar female rats, intraperitoneal injection of chlordiazepoxide was administered at a dose of 10 mg/ kg daily for 21 days in the experimental group. Two weeks after birth, the infant's brain was removed from the skull. After isolating the CA1 region of the neonatal hippocampus, the expression of the Bax proapoptotic gene was examined and compared with the control and carrier group (saline). Results: The level of gene expression was analyzed and propoptotic Bax gene showed significant increase in experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the administration of chlorodiazepoxide during pregnancy can cause neuronal damage in the hippocampus of Wistar rats.

Background: In recent years, the unique physical and chemical properties of carbon nanostructures has led to many advancements in various fields, including chemistry and pharmaceuticals. Graphene is one of the carbon nanostructures which have attracted significant attention from researchers in adsorption and release of various drugs. Due to the high surface area of graphene, it can be used as a biological carrier in drug delivery. In this study, the interaction of aspirin with a graphene sheet doped with aluminum (graphenealuminum) and possibility of stable complex formation between them were investigated using the theoretical study. Materials and methods: The performance of carbon nanostructures for adsorption of aspirin on graphenealuminum was evaluated using quantum computation. The calculations were performed using density functional theory modified with dispersion forces (DFT-D) and basic functions by using of ORCA software. Results: Adsorption energy and electronic structure of aspirin /graphene-aluminum system were calculated. The measured adsorption energy and bond distance were −, 53. 08 (kcal/mol) and 1. 888 Å, , respectively. The distribution of electron charge also indicated the continuity of electron clouds between drugs and nanostructure. Conclusion: The results showed that a strong bond formed between aspirin and graphene-aluminum and the complex formed in the aqueous medium was thermodynamically stable. Regarding the possibility of stable complex formation, graphene-aluminum was expected to be suitable nanocarier for delivery of aspirin to target cells.

Background: Removal of heavy metal ions from contaminated systems by agricultural and fruit and vegetable processing waste materials is an innovative and auspicious technology. The current study was designed for utilization of bio-adsorption white hard eggshell, as less expensive and much frequently available food waste materials, due to prospective metal bio-sorption capacity to toxic heavy metal ions, including cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from Oryza sativa in Iran. Materials and methods: The effect of soaking rinsed rice samples by NaCl 2% and modified white eggshell adsorbent by different concentration as adsorbent, pH, contact time and association of cooking methods on cadmium and lead contents were studied. Heavy metal contents in raw, rinsed, soaked by adsorbent and cooked and drained rice samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer in 925 samples in 4 different state of raw, soaking, cooked and drained. Results: Cooking rice by soaking rinsed rice samples by NaCl 2% and white eggshell for 1 hour had the greatest effect with regards to removal of Pb and Cd levels in cooked rice. It significantly reduced the cadmium content by 90. 35% and lead content by 91. 21% from the cooked rice, when soaked by white eggshell for one hour contact time. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that eggshell waste adsorbent can be used beneficially in treating rice containing heavy metal ions.

Background: Tennis elbow (TE), as a lateral epicondylitis (LE), is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative tendon disease that causes pain in the outer part of the elbow. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical Trinitrate Glyceryl (GTN) in the treatment of patients with TE. Materials and methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 patients with TE, referred to Orthopedic and Rheumatology Clinics of Bou-Ali Hospital in Tehran from October 2012 until January 2014, have been studied. They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 45 subjects (treatment and control group). Intervention group received dermal patches and GTN-containing drop, and the control group received dermal patches and liquid paraffin-containing drop (placebo). Results: Significant improvement in pain and tenderness was observed after 2, 4 and 6 weeks in intervention group compared to control group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, GTN has a significant effect on pain relief and tenderness in patients with TE.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of five randomly selected nanostructured products by the National Standard of No. 11070. Materials and methods: Antibacterial activities of five different nanostructured textiles were assessed on specific microorganisms to human skin and environment. The physicochemical properties were determined by FTIR spectrum and the dermal toxicity was assessed by skin and eye irritation and corrosion test (OECD 404, 405). Results: Each of the 5 samples at concentrations of 0, 0. 5, 1, 1. 5, 2 and 5% had strong antibacterial activity compared to control treatments. Mild and reversible irritations were observed at all three concentrations of nanosilver (5, 50, and 500 ppm) after 24 hours exposing to yarn and tissue samples on female rabbits, and the FTIR test related to 5 products showed no change in group, before and after the treatments e. g. washing and contact with the test animals (rabbits). Tissues containing nano-silver particles had no irritating effect and eye lesions in rabbits. Conclusion: According to the results, in addition to complying with the properties mentioned in the health license, the nanostructured textiles complied with the standard features of 11070.

Background: Childhood obesity is associated with an increase in childhood morbidity, so that outpatient visits, hospitalization repetitions and the need for treatment in obese children are higher than non-obese children. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parents' lifestyle and childhood obesity and its comparison in single and multi-child families. Materials and methods: This study was a descriptive-correlation on 400 primary school students in Mashhad City in a multi-stage cluster sampling method based on the purpose. A questionnaire consisting of three sections of demographic, researcher-made LSQ lifestyle, and a Dianna bavmerind parenting method was used. Results: There was a significant relationship between dimensions of lifestyle of families and obesity of children in some dimensions, so that significant negative correlation was found between physical health, sleep and rest, exercise and health, weight and nutrition control, disease prevention and environmental health, and BMI of children (p=0. 001). In terms of psychological, mental, social health, drug avoidance, and prevention of events, no significant relationship was seen regarding the BMI of children. There was a significant difference between lifestyle dimensions in single child families and multiple children ones (p=0. 001). There was no correlation between different styles of parenting and BMI in obese children (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Training parents about the causes of obesity in children and also monitoring children in their family, school, and environment can be effective in improving their lifestyle.

Background: The aim of this research was to analyze and illustrate scientific productions of Islamic Azad University researchers under title of Medical Sciences in Web of Science (WOS) data base. Materials and methods: The present study was a kind of applied scientific research which studied the quantitative performance of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in WOS database from beginning to 2018. Statistical population of this study was all scientific productions of Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University (11155 records) in WOS database. Results: The first scientific output of medical sciences of Islamic Azad University was indexed in 1996 and the highest number of indexed output was in 2016. Kazem Parivar has been ranked the first among all researches and had the highest scientific collaboration was with the USA academic centers. The journal "African Journal of Biotechnology" was also recognized as the source of the medical science core of the Islamic Azad University on the Web of Science. The most frequently use key word was "Iran" and key words "Pharmaceutical Chemistry" and "Pharmacology and Pharmacy" had the most frequent synonyms. Finally, the keywords of Islamic Azad University's scientific productions in medical sciencesweare divided into 7 general clusters. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences researchers have been able to obtain the third rank among the medical universities of Iran with a good effort. But they have not used their potential to recognize Iran's progress in controlling the spread of communicable diseases worldwide.

Paraneoplastic syndromes are generally defined as clinical disorder associated with malignant diseases, and hypocalcemia as paraneoplastic manifestation associated with cancer is a rare condition. In patient with bone metastatic cancer, osteolytic lesions are more common than osteoblastic ones which give rise to hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia is a rare condition in this group of patients. We described a 56-year-old male with the history of gastric cancer and gastrectomy and chemotherapy since one year ego who came to clinic with complaints of nausea, vomiting and paresthesia of extremities which after diagnostic work up, paraneoplastic hypocalcemia was diagnosed. Hypocalcemia following bone metastasis is not a common phenomenon, but in patients with the history of gastric cancer and neurological symptoms (paresthesia, …, ) evaluation of serum calcium value is recommended.