GEOGRAPHY
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:11

In this world national security of many countries is depend on trustful available to the energy. According to this, usage optimum in that case was attention by many of researchers and politicians.City planners to the physics, social, economics, environment, politics, transportation, subtraction installation, Earth control, population density, costs, and investment and attract stock, defense, aesthetics, urban management indexes and had view point to common cases and they lesser pay attention to the minimum usage energy yet. During past years energy was in order to basic humans needs and performances raise design in grow and develop economics and welfare society of different societies. Existence of sources and reserves of petroleum and natural gas in country as a main supplier of primal energy, available of desirable conditions and suitable for Iran from easy access and assured to the energy. Down of the price types of energy transporter in country and also naught-usage optimum in different parts, irregular increase of usage and in result of increase medium intensity of energy in comparison had follow with other countries.Compilation of regulations and technical standards for providence in energy usage in a year of 1991 in buildings for the first time with compilation technical standards for pod of building in the name of topic 19 national regulations started in country.Today's, with lapse obvious that pragmatics of this topic is opposed with frequent challenges and management, lawful, economics and society that due from one dimensional regard to the city and providence and correction of usage patterns. So compilation of regulations and standards of correction usage of energy pattern first due to analysis of structure from cities situation including to social conditions, economics situation, frame and likes that. So with analysis of this head stocks can to performance of patterns reference with areas and different sectors of city countries. In other wise, with look in frame or technical cannot only with use topic19 reach to the desirable result.

From the ancient times urban tourism was the most attractive areas and geographers defined a city as a live phenomenon which the central part is a heart of the city .The central part of the city reflects history, culture and natural events and political, economical and social incidents. Bazaar, which locates in the centerl part of the city, has been the most important connective, economical & social corridors. Religious – cultural ceremonies have roots in believes and convictions of a nation or a society. Nowadays, these ceremonies are considered as cultural attractions for tourism. In different eras, they were prevalent among people as celebrations and mourning ceremonies and in many cases they were presented in the form of dramas. In the past, because the cities specially city of Tehran has not developed like today, few streets and a square were chosen for these ceremonies in which they were enough for the needs of population of those days, but as the time past and cities were developed and also change of people needs, in attentive to lack of city areas and not allocating special areas for performing of these ceremonies, so many changes have been occurred in which nowadays no unity are seen in performing of the ceremonies and because of these, there is no attraction for tourism.In this study, researcher tried to recognize streets and other areas potential in the central part of Tehran specially bazaar limits in order to find solution of reorganizing the areas in order to reorganizing the religious – cultural ceremonies for attracting tourists (internal & external). In order to achieve this goal, researcher used two points of view which contained participants (bazaar merchants & merchants around bazaar) and religious missions' guardians and dependent organizations guardians (Islamic propaganda staff & police officers). Researcher examined current situation and found acknowledgement of ceremonies performance in different eras and areas background. Researcher also used scientific and practical theories in order to achieve the goals.In this study, practical and cohort research is used. Data collections were based on library research and field study (measurement) and observation field study scope. Also in this study, it is used observation, questionnaire & interviews tools for data collection. It used descriptive analytical & inferential – analytical statistical methods for data analyses with the help of two – sample statistical model and use of "t for two independent groups" and t – test and also with the use of practical research methods, areas and ceremonies performance in comparison to past samples in Iran & other countries, potentials of reorganizing areas and using of Tasooa & Ashoora ceremony as a religious tourism attraction were examined.Research conclusions show that according to the bazaar merchants' efforts, who are providers and participants in Moharram ceremonies, reorganizing of areas for performing Tasooa & Ashoora ceremonies are done. For around bazaar with great areas potentials, till now, no efforts for areas reorganization for Moharram ceremonies have been made. Also on the subject of Tasooa & Ashoora ceremony for tourist attraction, the results of the research shows that holding such ceremonies in the traditional form and in certain large religious places and revival of Tazieh (Tasooa and Ashoora play) could be beneficial.So, planning for reorganizing areas for Tasooa & Ashoora ceremony performance and also reorganizing Moharram ceremony with the emphasis on plans & projects & management & comprehensive control can provide a suitable field for using these ceremonies as a cultural tourism attraction.

Many flying dust storms rolled up southwestern Iran during recent years. They were also associated with irreparable damages in different parts of environment, health and finally ecosystem of the region. The patterns of meteoric circulation played the major role in producing flying dusts.20 synoptic stations located at western and southern parts of Iranian were selected as the areas influenced by dust storms during the statistic period of 2000-2007. Regarding the horizontal vision together with the identification code of the phenomenon, the days with severe and heavy dust storms were identified. In the research, the synoptic patterns generating flying dusts were introduced by using the main elements and branching.To categorize the patterns of days with dust, the data for balanced daily averages of 500 hectopascal and the balanced pressure of sea related to the reconstructed data of NCEP was derived. Nine main elements were derived by using the main elements method and consequently the dimensions for data's matrix were reduced.

Change in climate is one of the common problems of the present human society and it is considered a threat and a disaster for the world we live in. The study and prognosis of its elements, for schematization of water resources and also for the disaster management is extremely necessary. Therefore prognosis and contemplation of atmospheric descent for every region where the water is in abundance; is considered as one of the important environmental parameters for the optimum use of water resources and that researches in this field are necessary, so that we act rightly in management of water resources and also do a correct forecasting; so that the farmers –in the field of agriculture- and planners – for management of water resources- act successfully and hence do not suffer any irreparable loss on their sides. The main aim of this research is the contemplation of timely changes in temperature and rainfall in the concerned region -with the use of time series model- and forecasting these elements for the oncoming years for proper water management. In this research ARIMA model was analyzed in NCSS and MINTAB software’s for the statistical period from 1950 till 2006 in the said zone and by the comparison of the data for daily, monthly, and yearly proportions of rainfall with the actual amount of rainfall, it was determined that for the prediction of rain on a scale of Ten days; only the previous data for those Ten days should be used and similarly for the prediction of monthly or yearly quantities; the monthly and the yearly data should be taken into consideration. Finally after the analysis of the daily, monthly and seasonal data, it became clear that there will be an increase in the maximum temperature in the oncoming years and the amount of rainfall will decrease.

Shotori Mountains located in east of Iran are important from geologic, geomorphologic and physical morphologic perspectives. These mountains formed by Naiband flat consist of geologic formation from Denovian to lower Kertacae, which mostly include lime stone and dolomite.Shotori Mountains result from coming up drifting on the Tabas plate through Austrian and Laramian orogenesis. This drift leads to asymmetric eastern and western hillsides, therefore hydrographic drainage lean to western hillside and rainfall flews to the Tabas plate which causes agricultural development in Tabas.Remained climate is observed everywhere in vallies and outside of the mountains (e.g. alluvial trases, alluvial cones, etc). Interesting landscapes observed make Shotori Mountains as a “geo top” which can attract tourists and cause economic development.

The urbanization has been developed in the world very fastly. The rate of urbanization is fast in developing countries. urbanization in iran is very quickly and precipitate, and have some problems for some iran cities. In these case, the outskirts as a index of city face problems and very important in social research. In these paper, we consider the outskirts phenomena as a important challenge in front of city sustainable development and in these relations, we study and research the causes, mechanism and results of ahvaz city outskirts with quality and quantity social index. In this research we used the interview and observation technique and questionnaire and collecting required data in ahvaz margin area, on the basis result of these study, the major part of unofficial settling is related to emigration of city- village. The outskirt peoples has not high satisfaction about city and living regions and the feeling of citizenization is low.

Air pollution from different aspects is important, this study with regard to conditions of air pollution in Tehran and using Synoptic analysis has been conducted. Selected stations measure pollutants, including: Azadi, Bahman, Tajrish, Mrkazi and Gholhak good coverage of almost Gholhak Shhrthran to lose, is that the statistical period from 16 December 23 in accordance with the solar calendar year 1377 till 7 December 14, 1998 deaths have been investigated. In this study, first time how changes in Tehran pollutant, including carbon Mnvaksyd (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) were studied and the effect of meteorological phenomena such as temperature inversion with Terms isometropia, the quantity and quality of pollutants has been investigated. The analysis maps SKEW-T conditions isometropia And at the period studied, has been made. Analysis, shows that during the period studied statistical If high-pressure regional settlement(of region), the type of middle latitude systems isdominated area increased concentration of pollutants and sometimes it two to three times more than the standard limit well.

The process of soil erosion and flooding are the main problems which permanently endangers a drainage area. The permeability and runoff potential determining of geology formations is very important for estimating the danger of drainage areas flooding in order to establishing engineering structures for preventing flood and soil erosion. The purpose of this study is to prepare a map of flooding in Kardeh drainage area. This map would be main source for performing the executive operation, soil protection study and future plans in drainage areas. The Kardeh drainage area is located on the northeast of Iran and north of Khorasan Razavi province with 557, 9 squares kilometer extension. Since the flooding parameter is a great factor in soil protection process and prevention of erosion, its approximate control has a significant role in comprehensive management in drainage areas. Because of this the study of flooding in the mentioned area will perform through the permeability and runoff potential determining of geologies formations. According to this approach the geological plan is prepared with ARC-GIS software in 1:20000 scales and there are formed varieties of rocks and type of identify fossils this basin. The then with using of geological map, permeability map in the area and extents in 1:20000 scales has prepared. Firstly, the surface detention parameters and mean annual precipitation in the area estimated and according to that the S and P maps prepared in order to preparing the areas runoff map. According to the mentioned maps information the runoff potential map of the area prepared and then composed with the geological map to identify the runoff rate in any work unit. Finally, with comparison of permeability map and runoff potential map, the flooding map in scale 1:20000 prepared. With regard to the genus of the formed rocks priority in flooding point of view. The Lithology the Nm, Ksh, Kshs, and Jka have low permeability and are in the first permeability and they locate in the second priority. At least the units of Jmz2, Jmz1, Q, Qa1, Qt2 and Qt1 Lithology have high permeability and in flooding they are in the third priority.