CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:13

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of social competence training based on Flener model on social adjustment of students who are bullying victims according to the role of social goal orientation. Research design was a quasi-experimental method along with pre-test/post-test and control group. The population consisted of girl victims who were studying at 7th and 8th grade in first stage of secondary school. Sample consisted of 96 victim students that were randomly assigned to experimental (n=48) and control (n=48) groups according to their type of social goal orientation. California Bullying Victimization Scale, Social Achievement Goal Orientation and social adjustment scales were used. Social competence training was conducted in 12 sessions during six weeks for experimental group and control group received no training. The results of the two-way univariate the analysis of covariance showed that the training is effective on increasing the social adjustment of the victims. This increase was in social mastery and in social performance-approach groups, but not in social performance- avoidance group. Overall, the results indicate that social competence training can be used to promote the social adjustment of bullying victims.

Stigma is a major stressor for many families of psychiatric patients. It is unclear, however, why some families appraised stigma as more stressful, while others feel they can cope with it. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of perceived stigma, cognitive appraisal and rejection sensitivity on shame. A group of 150 families of patients were selected through convenient sampling method. A series of statistical analysis including Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the variables. According to the results of the research, there is a relationship between perceived stigma with other variables, but there is no significant relationship between cognitive appraisal with rejection sensitivity and rejection sensitivity with internal shame. According to the model extracted from regression analysis, 23 percent of the variance of internal shame can be accounted for by perceived stigma and cognitive appraisal and 23 percent of the variance of external shame can be accounted for by perceived stigma and rejection sensitivity. Negative attribution towards mental disorders lead to internal shame and rejection sensitivity with considering others as a source of threat lead people to external shame.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing technique on treatment of women's post-traumatic stress disorder in Yasooj. The population of this study was all women who have had psychological and psychiatric recording hospitals and therapeutic and specialized enters of Yassoj diagnosed with Posttraumatic stress disorder arising from non-military events. Fourty members of the population were selected randomly and divided into two groups of experimental and control that each of them including 20 people. Then technique of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing was applied to the experimental group in during five sessions ninety minute once week but no experiment was done to the control group. The study instruments included Impact of event revised scale, PTSD symptoms self-report scale, Symptom Checklist-90-R. The study participants were tested in pre-test, post-test, with regard to the variables under study. Obtained Data were analysed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA methods. The findings obtained based on data analysis showed that the method of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing decreased scores of the Impact of event revised scale, PTSD symptoms self-report scale, Global severity index of Symptom Checklist-90-R.The obtained results showed that this treatment method had been effective on alleviating PTSD and its symptoms.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of dialectic behavior therapy to increase the differentiation of self in women with borderline personality disorders and drug abuse was conducted. Experimental research designs with a single subject using the multi-stepped base lines were used. Based on the desire to participate in the research, structured diagnostic interview and entry criteria, among female patients with borderline personality disorders and substance abuse, four people were chosen. All four subjects were dialectic behavior therapy sessions during the twelve. In order to assess the differentiation of self-differentiation of self-DSI-R questionnaire by Askvern (1998) was built, was used. Dialectic behavior therapy can dramatically increase the differentiation between themselves in women with borderline personality disorders and substance abuse, so that scores during the intervening twelve sessions has increased substantially compared to baseline scores. Graphs review the effectiveness and effect size indicates a significant increase in participants was self-differentiation. Dialectic behavior therapy interventions can be effective in helping to increase the differentiation of self and a good practical implication in the treatment and prevention of substance abuse.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the meta-worry, social anxiety and concern for the students' health. This semi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest control group. Population contained 15000 students, studying in Azad University of Hamadan. The sample consisted of 30 students (20 girls and 10 boys) were selected from the community. A sample of purposive sampling method was used. The subjects were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The research assessment tools were, the scale of Wales was anxious thoughts. This tool measures social anxiety, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Acceptance and commitment therapy intervention, based on eight individual 45-minute sessions weekly by the author of the article, was conducted at the Research Center of the MANSHOR MEHR. The subjects responded to a questionnaire before treatment, and one month after treatment. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance were performed. The results showed that, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced decline generalized anxiety and social anxiety, but did not reduce health concerns. It is suggested, acceptance and commitment therapy intervention that the researchers used in the study protocol to use in other communities and age groups.

Present study evaluates psychology empowerment effectiveness on decreasing mothers’ conflict of mother-child in Health Room of Tehran city. The method of the study is semi-experimental research with rendering of pre-exam and post-exam by witness group. In this study, we selected two Health Room cities of 15th zone of Tehran City Hall and North Afsarieh Health Room Locality. We sampled all available mothers who referred to Health Room after confirming their suitable conditions for our study. These mothers tested about mother-child conflict and finally 30 mothers selected who had the most conflict with their children. Then they divided by two groups by using of Random Selective method and considered in two groups of control and experiment. The experiment group participated in our sessions 8 rounds each 90 minutes. Data gathering tool in our study was scale questionnaire of mother-child conflict tactics. We analyzed gathered data with one variant covariance analysis method. The results showed that mothers’ psychology empowering program cause decrease of mother-child conflict, verbal aggression and physical aggression plus increase of argument between them. So we can claim that these people could decrease conflicts between themselves and their children by increase of self-confident, self-control, anger control and self-decision skill plus improve their irrational believes about their children and encourage them.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in adolescents afflicted with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). Five adolescents (M: 2 F: 3) were selected voluntarily by some recognizing tools (SCID-I) & (IES-R)) from one of the working child care center in Karaj. Selected people – one by one were under emotional working memory training during 20 sessions. All people were assessed during three stages- pre-training, in training and 2-month follow-up by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. For data analysis variance analysis (repeated measures) and Bonferroni test were used. The results represents that emotional working memory training results in increase in ability of participants in adaptive strategies: Refocus on Planning and Positive Reappraisal components. Also, in non-adaptive strategies: Self-blame, Catastrophizing and Other-blame had significant decreases in participants from pretest to post test and then to follow up. Regarding the current study, it can be said that emotional working memory training is an appropriate choice for improve Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in adolescents suffering from Post- Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD).

Test Anxiety is prevalent event among students and one of the current problems in educational system that makes bad effects on function and physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Group Intervention of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management on Test Anxiety of male students who are candidates for university entrance examination in Tehran. This research was a Quasi-experimental study including pre-test, post-test, follow-up and control group. Statistical population was students who study in fourth grade high school in the third area of Tehran. The method of sampling was random cluster sampling. Two high school of this area were randomly selected and assigned randomly as experimental and control groups. Thirteen individual was selected from each of high school and assigned in experimental and control groups. Group Intervention of Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management was carried out on the experimental group in 8 sessions. Data were gathered by Test Anxiety questionnaire. The results of covariance analysis showed that the mean score of Test Anxiety in experimental group was significantly lower than control group in posttest (p=0.001) and follow up (p=0.011). The results of present study show that the group intervention of cognitive behavioral stress management is effective in decreasing Test Anxiety in students who are candidates for university entrance examination (p<0.05). This effect has been stable in follow-up stage.

Despite the numerous studies that have been conducted on meaning in life, there is still an ambiguity that what are the sources of meaning in an adolescent’s life and how adolescent girls and boys differ regarding these sources and dimensions of presence and search for meaning. The present study has investigated the sources and domains that gives meaning to adolescents’ lives from their point of view, presence of and search for meaning and differences between girls and boys in these components. In this regard 416, 12 to 18 years old adolescents (M: 15.94, Std: 1.32, 54.3 % females) have completed the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation and Meaning in Life questionnaires. Chi-square and independent t tests were used to analyze the data. The results show that among the sources of meaning regarding to The Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation respectively the “family” (91.3%), “social relations” (53.4%) and “occupation and education” (53%) are the areas that most frequently have been reported as a source of meaning by adolescents. Moreover, seven new categories of sources of meaning in life have been identified in this study of which “information technology” (15%) and “future” (12.3%) had the highest frequencies. Female and male participants differed in the frequency of mentioning some of these sources and also their satisfaction from these areas as well as the dimension of presence of meaning. These findings have been discussed in the context of developmental and meaning in life theories.

Aging is a critical period in human life. Considering the specific needs of this period, it is highly important to pay attention to The Religious Orientation and its influencing factors in the elderly. Given the importance of this issue in maintaining and improving people’s health, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between Religious Orientation and irrational beliefs in the elderly. The statistical population included all the elders of Kahrizak sanitarium in 2014, among women and men individuals were selected using simple random sampling. Then the selected samples individually answered the Religious Orientation and irrational beliefs questionnaires. The results showed that the exogenous variables Irrational Beliefs Religious orientation, variable helplessness in the face of change (P<0.05, r=-0.26) and irresponsibility emotional variables (P<0.05, r=-0.33) relation there was a significant positive. Results of regression analysis showed that the extrinsic religious orientation 0.62 explain irrational beliefs. The variable Irrational Beliefs, Internal religious orientation, helpless in the face of changing variables (P<0.001, r=-0.68), variable demand for approval of others (p<0.001, r=-0.40), identical avoid the problem (p<0.00, r=-0.56) variable emotional irresponsibility (p<0.001, r=-0.57) have a significant negative correlation. The results of regression analysis showed that intrinsic religious orientation 0.42 explain irrational beliefs. It can be said that irrational beliefs are one of the factors affecting the elderly’s Religious Orientation.