Clinical Psychology and Personality
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

This study is designed to investigate the effect of cognitive- behavioral family therapy on reduction of children’s behavioral problems in divorcing families. 24 couples were randomly selected from among the couples who were referred to behzisti office for counseling, were assigned randomly in 2 groups; control group and experimental group. The children 2 groups were evaluated by pre and post test view child symptom inventory and then children’s behavioral problems were measured. experimental group were received 8 session of the cognitive- behavioral family therapy (each sessions 90 minute). The results showed significant effect of cognitive-behavioral family therapy on reduction of children’s behavioral problems.

The present study compared the effectiveness of music therapy with directed image and cognitive strategies on reducing anxiety in high school students. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary-View detailed dictionary. In this study, it was hypothesized that music therapy with directed image is more effective than cognitive strategies approach.In order to test the research hypothesis, from all high schools in Yazd province, one high school was selected to study and 150 high school students were selected randomly. Subjects completed the test of Zhang anxiety questionnaire, 45 students who scored high on this test were selected as sample of study and were divided in two experimental and one control groups. The first experimental group received the music therapy with directed image and a second experimental group, received the cognitive strategies, and the control group did not receive any program. Treatment interventions carried out for two sessions per week a total of eight sessions. Three groups responded to Zhang anxiety test before and after the intervention. Statistical methods of descriptive statistics and factor analysis of variance and Scheffe test were used.The results of the study indicated that both music therapy with directed image and cognitive strategies were effective at 0.95 level of confidence on reducing anxiety levels.

The purpose of this study was comparing the clinical personality patterns and severe personality disorders in patients with HIV infection and normal individuals. The sample was consisted of 100 subjects (50 patients with HIV infection, 50 normal individuals) that were selected through available population. Subjects completed the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II (MCMI-II) and researcher-made questionnaire number 1 (pertaining to patients that affected to HIV infection due to implicated syring) and researcher-made questionnaire number 2 (pertaining to patients that have been infected to HIV infection due to unprotective sexual relationships). The MANOVA results indicated that there are meaningful differences in some clinical personality patterns (such as schizoid, avoidant, antisocial, aggressive, obsessive, passive- aggressive and self-defianting) and severe personality disorders (such as schizotypal and borderline) between research groups. Furthermore, the patients with HIV infection reported high rate of high- risk behaviors, background in prison, history of alcohol using and the cup history. On the base of findings of current research can concluded that certain personality patterns, particularly antisocial and borderline patterns increase vulnerability to HIV infection. Also the precise assessment of the personality disorders is essential to more effective prevention and treatment of patients with HIV infection.

Introduction: The aim of this experimental study is to determine the effects of inescapable shock exposures on subsequent escape-avoidance conditioning learning by goldfish (Carassius Auratus). Learned helplessness is a psychological condition in which a human being or an animal has learned to believe that it is helpless in a particular situation, even when it has the power to change its unpleasant or even harmful circumstance. Learned helplessness theory is the view that clinical depression and related mental illness result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation (Seligman, 1975).Method: The goldfishes (N=50) with the length of about 5-6 cm each, were randomly assigned into two groups (experimental and control, n=25 in each group), and the experiment environment was an aquatic shuttle box measuring 70×40×30 cm which was designed by researcher. The gathered data were analyzed using the independent t-test.Results: There were significant differences between 2 groups considering 6 Learned helplessness indicators, mean number of voidance response (P <0.0001, t=9.54, df=48), mean number of trial to first avoidance response (P<0.0001, t=5.8, df=48), mean of escape time: (P<0.0001, t=12.70, df=48), mean number of escape response (P<0.0001, t=3.61, df=48), mean number of failure to escape from shock, (P<0.0001, t=14.6, df=48) and mean time of failure to escape from shock(P<0.0001, t=14.45, df=48).Conclusion: Based on the results of this experimental research, gold fish the same as other animals, shows learned helplessness, and prior shocks affects on escape-avoidance conditioning learning of gold fish.

The objective of this study was to investigate reliability and validity of a brief self-report scale (GAD-7) developed to identify probable cases of generalized anxiety disorder. The GAD-7 is a 7-item self-report questionnaire developed by Spitrzer in 2006, for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research. 199 students selected from Shahed University for the study as non clinical group and 24 patients suffered from generalized anxiety disorder, selected from a psychiatric clinic in Tehran. Research tools employed in the study were Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), State-Trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36) and anxiety subscale of Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). The coefficient Alpha obtained for the total scale, and coefficient Alpha obtained for each part of the scale, and also the test–retest correlation obtained indicated a suitable reliability for the scale. Correlations calculated among GAD-7 and other instruments used in this study, suggested acceptable validity for the scale. Factorial analysis for the scale also showed one factor loading. And the scale was able to differentiate between clinical and non clinical group.

Infertility is a personal and social problem accompanied psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, dissatisfaction, hopelessness, etc. The aim of this study is to compare mental health, marital adjustment and coping responses among fertile-infertile women. 65 infertile and 65 fertile women were selected and studied. The used instruments were General Health Questionair (GHQ), Marital Adjustment Questionair (DAS) and Coping Responses Inventory (CRI). Comparing the results of two groups showed significant differences in mental health, marital adjustment and coping responses.

The purpose of this study comparison of and ranking mate-selection preferences among female and male students, and three ethnic groups (Kord, Bakhtiyari, and Arabian language). 600 students (in 6 colleges) were selected using randomized stratified sampling, and completed the Mate-Selection Preferences Inventory. To assess of the validity of this measure principle components analysis (varimax rotation) and non-parametric statistics were used. In this study using the PC (varimax rotation), nine factors were extracted (behavioral characteristic, appearance characteristic, et al). Also Friedman test showed that there are significant differences among mate-selection preferences. In addition, the results indicated, significant differences among male (appearance and houscooking) and female (appearance characteristics, social skills, social-economic status, and religious characteristics) students, and ethnic groups in mate-selection preferences.