Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Year:2002 | Volume:9 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Transitional cell carcinoma (T.C.C) of bladder displays an unpredictable biological behavior. Morphqlogic methods of grading this tumor are insufficient to predict the clinical outcome of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between histological grading, staging and DNA ploidy especially in intermediate grade II (IIa and IIb). In a retrospective study of tissue specimen in 30 patients with T. C. C of the bladder, we compared the results of histological grading, staging and other morphological criteria such as vascular, lymphatic and perineural invasion with DNA ploidy. DNA content was measured by flow cytometry. There was a good correlation between histological grading and DNA ploidy (P<0.003). Regarding Tee grade II (a, b). There was also a good relationship between morphologic criteria and DNA content (P<0.003). There was also a positive correlation between histopathologic staging and DNA content except in one case (P<0.003). We found a significant correlation between results of DNA cytometry and vascular, lymphaticandperineural invasion (P<0.0008). Flow cytometric determination of DNA content as a complementary method is valuable in predicting prognosis of Tee especially in grade II. The exact use of morphologic criteria for grading of Tee can be substituted for DNA content in the absence of flow cytometry for prediction of aggressive behavior in TCC.

One of the important complications of diabetes mellitus that physicians pay less attention to is diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN), especially cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN). This has a poor prognosis and is accompanied by sudden death risk Recently several investigations that were carried out for CAN detection, suggested that QT-interval prolongation in these patients is an important diagnostic criteria. In this cross-sectional study attempts were made to detect CAN prevalence in 180 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who were between 35-60 years old. The specificity and sensitivity of the QT-interval was calculated and compared with the results of other studies. For detection of this dysfunction 53 male and 127 female patients were examined. 46 patients (11 males and 35 females) or 25.5% had CAN 92 patients (51.1%) had prolonged QT interval and among 46 patients with CAN, 30 patients (65.2%) had prolonged QT interval. The specificity was 53.7% and sensitivity was 65.2%. The test accuracy was 59.4% that is far from the minimum acceptable value of 75%. The results represent that the test had not enough sensitivity for diagnosis of CAN in diabetic patients. However the study confirmed the high rate of autonomic dysfunction in diabetic patients.

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical seal of thermafil with lateral and vertical condensation techniques in mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars. 245 upper first molar teeth were extracted. Among them 40 Teeth were selected having 20-25 degrees of curve (according to Schneider Analysis) in apical one their of their mesiobuccal roots. These teeth were also selected so that the first measuring file in all species was a number 15 file. Then the selected teeth were cut from CEJ by a metallic disc and the mesiobuccal roots were prepared up to number 30 file using step back technique. After This stage the teeth were divided into 5 groups. Group A: 10 Teeth that their mesiobuccal canals were obturated by lateral condensation technique. Group B:10 teeth that their mesiobuccal canals were obturated by Vertical condensation Technique. Group C: 10 Teeth that Their mesiobuccal canals were obturated by thermafil. Group D: 5 Teeth as negative control group. Group E : 5 teeth as positive control group. After coating the negative control roots by 2 layers of nail polish completely and also the teeth of group A, B, C, D and E by 2 layers of nail polish except of their apical 1.5mm, the teeth were incubated and placed within india ink vertically for 48 hours. Then The mesiobuccal roots were sectioned buccolingually and the amount of dye penetration was measured by stereomicroscope. The data were evaluated by statistical analysis (kruskal wallis). The apical seal from thermafil was significantly lower than lateral and vertical condensation techniques in mesiobuccal roots.

Tonsils are located in the upper airway. Serious complications may threaten the patients during and following surgical operations in this area. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of local lidocaine infiltration for reducing complications of tonsillectomy. In this study, 74 patients were randomly selected. 37 patients received local lidocaine infiltration (2ml of 2% lidocaine) in the tonsilar capsules after general anesthesia, and in the other half tonsillectomy were performed under general anesthesia with infiltration of placebo (normal Saline). In both groups some rise in blood pressure and heart rate was observed, but difference with the preoperative blood pressure and heart rate was not statistically significant. The degree of postoperative restlessness (zero in lidocaine group, %30 in placebo group) and reduction of peripheral O2 saturation (%26 in lidocaine group, %74 in placebo group) decreased significantly in the case group (P<0.05). Our study indicated that local lidocaine infiltration diminished some early complications of tonsillectomy, especially restlessness and reduction of peripheral O2 saturation.

Helicobacter pylori are the main cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and lymphoma. The prevalence of infection depends on age and socioeconomic status of individuals. The prevalence is low in developed countries but high in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hpylori in the city of Kerman- Iran. This is a cross sectional study conducted on 331 subjects above 11 years old referred to Kerman health centers in the year of 2000. These subjects were chosen randomly. The diagnosis of Hpylori infection was based on serological test using Elisa technique and measurement of IgG with 98% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Among the subjects 51.7% were female and 48.3% were male. The average age of women and men were 32±16.7 and 31.2±17.6, respectively. In general, the prevalence of Hpylori infection was 61.6% of which 63.7% in women and 59.4% in men with no significant difference between the two groups. The prevalence of infection in the young subjects was approximately equal to the adults and elderly subjects and no significant difference was observed between them. The prevalence of Hpylori infection in the subjects with lower educational status and large family size showed a significant increase. The prevalence of Hpylori infection in Kerman is high and most of the cases occurs during childhood and adolescence. Improvement in socioeconomic status and hygienic conditions reduce the prevalence of infection.

In this study the effect of NIDDM on hearing of patients is investigated. 130 diabetic patients and100 healthy persons as control group were selected. Diabetic patients divided into two groups: the NIDDM patients and diabetic foot patients. Both groups were examined and tested by audiologist. Audiometric tests included: PTA, Impedance audiomerty, SRT and SDS. PTA was measured in-250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 Hz. Hearing thresholds were classified to low frequencies (250, 500, 1000, 2000) & high frequencies (4000 and 8000). Then hearing thresholds in two groups were compared with each other using t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. In low frequencies 3.5 db and in high frequencies 11.5 db discrepancy in threshold was detected that is significant statistically. The mean of threshold at all frequencies Was 18.6±9.4 in diabetic group and 12.6±3.7 in control group, which indicates relationship between hearing loss and diabetes. There was no difference in hearing loss between diabetic patients and diabetic foot patients and hearing loss was higher in high frequencies. As duration of the disease increases, hearing loss increases accordingly. Quantitative mean of SDS was 99% that showed central auditory system is intact. There was no significant change in hearing of right and left ear. In different age groups there was also not any significant change in hearing.

Any pharmaceutical product, whether manufactured in the pharmacy, hospital or industrial environment, has the potential to be contaminated with microorgnisms. Microbial contamination may originate from the raw materials or may be introduced during manufacturing. Thus different specifications of various precision and severity have been developed, based on the potential risk posed by sterile and non-sterile categories of pharmaceutical preparations and the type of raw materials used. There is no single mandatory standard analogous to the criterion of sterility for non-sterile oral and topical formulations and their constituent materials. However the degree of pharmaceutical safety needs to reflect the absence of microbial flora capable of eliciting biodegradation and medication-cased infection. The rational of guidelines and criteria which are based on established and potential risks from contaminated materials unfortunately varies in different countries. In this study, the microbial quality of 5 different semi-solid formulations (10 samples of each) from 10 pharmacies operating in Kerman, were investigated according to the United States pharmacopeia method. Forty eight formulations (96%) had bacterial contaminations of which 86% were contaminated with more than 100 bacteria per gram. 24 samples (46%) were contaminated with gram positive bacilli, 10 samples (20%) with Staphylococcus aureus, 9 samples (18%) with Eschenchia coli, 5 samples (15%) with Pseudomonos aeruginosa, 7 samples (14%) with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and 7 samples (14%) with other garm positive cocci. Although the source of contamination was not investigated in this study, but it seems that most of the contaminations arising during storage of ingredients or preparation of formulations in pharmacies. Thus it is suggested that pharmacies in Kerman and other cities with similar problems should observe the guide-lines of manufacturing Galen's drugs to decrease the microbial contamination for a safer usage.

This is a case report of a term fetus delivered from a 30 year-old multiparous woman, who was referred to the emergency center with clear premature rupture of membrane. Induction of labor was done 12 hours after rupture of membranes 5 hours later a male baby was born. No hearth rate abnormalities were detected during labor. After expulsion of fetal head, a string of tissue, approximately 5 cm lengthways observed suspending from his mouth. The string was taken out with a ring forceps. The thickness of the string was 5.5 cm and the end 10 cm had a green (bile) discoloration. There was no report of presence of this string or any anomaly in her ultrasound during pregnancy. We did not find any extra fetus origin for the amniotic band in placenta and fetal membranes. Pathology report was amnionic string. The mother and her infant were discharged from hospital in a good condition.

This is a rare case of prostatic agenesia with incomplete urethral duplication. A 63 year old man was reffered to us with LUTS (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms). Bladder ultra sonography and retrograde urthrography showed bladder neck obstruction with a prostatic diverticula and incomplete bulbar urethral duplication. The final diagnosis "prostatic agenesia" was made following pathological study on bladder neck resected pieces and incomplete urethral duplication by urethrography.