ARABIC LITERATURE (FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES)
Year:2014 | Volume:5 | Issue:2|Papers Count:12

Al-shab Al-Zarif, one of the most Well-known Poets of Decadence Age, is Also a Foremost Borrower of Religious Texts in the Field of Worldly Lyric. His Lyrics are Influence by Quran, Various Religious Texts, and Notions of his Sufi Father, Afif Al-din Telmesani. This Study Tries to Examine the Works of this Prominent Poet and Analyze Their Intersexual Relations to Show his Power in Mixing Religious Materials With Clearly Expressed and Seemingly Contradictory Lyric. This Study Reveals That His Works First and Foremost Inspired by Quran, Religious Rites and Rituals and Then Religious Science Terminology, Sufi Concepts, and Finally, Various Historical Religious Figures. He Expertly and Extraordinarily Intertwines Worldly and Religious Meanings Together and Reaches The highest Level of Intersexuality Which is Complete Negation. Finding the Hidden Layers Inside Various Literary Texts Makes a Deeper Reading and Helps us to Understand that Particular Text more Thoroughly and See it in a Completely New Way.

Yemeni Poet Abdul-Aziz Maqaleh is Regarded Among the Poets Who have been Influenced by the Myths of Different Nations. Meanwhile this Poet has Used Clearly and Outstandingly from the Greek Mythology. Although Maqaleh has Used in the Beginning of his Poem – Like Other Poets- From the Indexical Aspect of Myths, But he Soon Became Successful to Cover his Own Contemporary Experience on the Myths. Perhaps the Main Aim of the Poet’s Use of Myth is That to Make People Aware of Limitless Oppression of Government.With having a Quick Look at how the Myth Entered into the World of Arabic Poetry and After Study of its Close Relationship with Literature, This Article Reviews and Analysis Greek Myths Used in The Poems of Abdul-Aziz Maqaleh.

After Weakening of Traditional Presence of Rhythm and Rhyme in Poem and Introducing of New Issues and Challenges, the Necessity of Using the Capacity and Various Tools for Indicating Concepts Received more Attention. Poets by Using Different Elements Struggled to Communicate with Their Audience Properly. One of These Elements Derived from Music is Repetition Which is so Brilliant in Ahmad Matar and Omran Salahi's Poems. The Present Article Focuses on Above Mentioned Principles and Investigates These Two Poems of the Poets and the Function of Music in Nowadays Poems. Furthermore, the Concept of Repetition in Relationship with Meaning will be Discussed Meticuously. The Results Showed that Repetition in its Various Forms not only Help to Deepen the Transfer of Meaning but Also, The Two Poets Via that Expand the Boundary of Vocabulary Meanings.

Defamiliarization Means Egression of Acquaintance and Accustomed Egression that Followed the Reader or Listener the Surprise after Asks it. Thus Poet or Scholar with the Elimination of Repeats of the Languages Face, Create Beautiful and Influential Language, Because Words Due to Our Repeated are Normal so do not See them, Tip Poet and Scholar in the Habit of Speaking and Create a new Language. For This Purpose, The Poet or Scholar Need Tools Language That Most of Them are Metaphors and Two Types of Defamiliarization Aids Occurs: 1-Replacement (Whose Metaphor is Central) 2-Combined (Which Happen in Inversion, Favor, Remove and Adding). Naturally had to Brand Each Backtrack Unaccounted Defamiliarization but Considered Phases of Language Audibility and Brought Metaphor in Language is not Create Poem but it have to an Effect on the Reader and Too have a Beautiful Effect Until Enjoy it.

Arabic Poets have Used Myth Since Long in Their Poems. But After Literary Resurrection and Making Connection with Culture and Literature of West, they Have Used Myth as a new Method for Presenting their Interest and a Useful tool in the Description. Christ, one of the God’s Prophets that has Sent to the People for Guidance, in the Arabic Contemporary Poem has a Symbolic Effect. This Personality in the Khalil Havy’s Poem will Associate with Myth and will Gain Mythical.Havy has a Wish of Resurrection in the Rough Situation in Arab’s Territory. a Huge Resurrection that has Gain better life for Arab’s Nation.He has Show more Clear the Path of this Changing in Front of the Public whit Restore to life the Culture of Generosity and Self Denial more Clear.Christ in his Poem will Present Renewed life to the Deprived and Oppressed People that is Showing Magnificent of Self-Sacrifice and Devotion. Christ in his Poem Such as Tammuz is Resurrection of Myth and will Associate with it. It will Associate with it’s Eminent Meanings and has Gain Unique Mean, as if Christ is Such as Tammuz that has Appear in a Different Shape.

 Story has Long been Exploited to Transfer Human Culture and Concepts. It is the most Consistent Verbal form to the Human Mind. Therefore, its Audience Spectrum is more Widespread and its Influence Power is Higher. Though the Qur'an's main Language is the Language of Religion and Spiritual Guidance, it Exploits the Storytelling Method in its Complete form to Disseminate its Message. Useing the Literature on Qur'anic Stories, this Paper Attempts to Examine the Privileges as well as the Differences Existed between Qur'anic Stories and Human Stories and also to Classify them into Fourteen Headings of “Accuracy of the Statements, Being a true Story, Compactness of Talks, Selectivity, Breakdown of time Unity, Step-by-Step Process, Obfuscation and Vagueness, Iteration, Talks Amid Stories, Stories in Stories, Variety and Fun in Storytelling, Sudden Report of the Story, Secrecy and Virtuousness as well as small Presence of Women in the Qur'anic Stories”. Earlier, a Short Etymology of the Words in the Stories as well as the Special Structure of the Qur'anic Stories were also Considered.

Nehzat Age was Time of Renewal in Arab Life. More than, Political and Social Change the Whole Literature also Revolutionized in this Period. With this Literary Changes, the Fiction in its Modern Usage as a Literary form Interred to Literature and Created Different Species that didn’t Exist Before or They had a Different form. Short Story was One of These new Species that Emerged in the Literature of that Time. Mahmoud Teymour Pioneer Writer of Short Story in Egypt was Eminent in this Field who is Known as the Father of Arabic Short Story. In this Study after Explaining the Social and Political and Literary Atmosphere of Nehzat, the Changes of Mind and Language and form and Structure in Two Teymours Early Stories: Al-Sheykh Jome and Am Motawali by Structural Method are Studied. The First Story, "Alshaykh Jom’a", Belongs to Realistic Category of Short Stories in the form and Content, it also has Features of an old Romantic Story and it’s Traditional Aspects are more Prominent While the Second Story, "Am Motavaly", is Closer to the new Realistic Short Stories.

Dic ol Jen al Hemsi is one of the Few Shiite Poets that Made Use of His Poem to Express His Belief and Feeling, Instead of Praising Wealthy and Powerful People. One of His Important Parts of His Beliefs Centralized on the Subject that Imam Ali is the Real Sovereign after the Prophet Mohammad Peace be Upon Him and Declared his Idea Through his Poem. Dic ol Jen Presents Two Kinds of Scriptural and Intellectual Reasons to Proof Imam Ali’s Right in the Mentioned Affair. In His Poems Dic ol Jen Notes Qadire Khom Event, Hadith e Manzelat and Hadith e Qertas, as Intellectual Reasons. On the Other Side he Recites Imam Ali’s Eloquence, Bravery, Resoluteness, Benevolence, as Scriptural Reasons. These Reasons Make Everyone to Believe in Imam Ali’s Sovereignty after Prophet Mohammad PBUH, and to Reproach his Right Usurpers.

Human as the Superior of the Creature was More Important for Pre-Socrates, But by Emerging Socrates this Remark Become Pale Because he Pointed to be Average of Human's Powers. After many Decades, Some Grand-Phipspher Such as Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger and Jean-Paul Sartre Entered and they have Taken Attention to Human and Established Existentialism. This Academy Spoke about Human and His Gentry and Emphasized on Existence Primacy on Identity and that Human is the Only Creature who can Make his Identity. from This Academy Point of View, all Things are for Hunan. this Academy has Influenced in World Literature, Especially in Arab's Contemporary Literature, and Affect an Scholars and Poets. One of Them, Joseph Alkhal Named Modernism Poet in Contemporary Arab Poetry. Man and His Originality is Important for Him and Criticals the Communist Systems, Because Ignore the Individual Genius of Man and His Talent. of his View, Human is Everything and Freedom is His Right. Freedom that Help Him for Forming Freedom Society and Recognize the Fact. he Knows the Literature in Serving of Human. he Knows Poet the Value that be Committe to the Human and Society. this Paper by Analyzing his Distiches Try to Describe Existentialism in Joseph Alkhal Poem and Deals thery Element of it Like:Human, Freedom and Commitment.

Psychological Criticism is Considered as a New Field in Literary Criticism, That Critic, Review and Analyzes the Literary Work Therein Based on Principles of Psychology. The Present Study, Address to the Personality Psychology Criticism of Mutanabbi Poetry as Battle, Conflict, and Tension Within Three Levels of Personality: Id, Ego and Superego. The Objectives of this Paper Include: 1- Avoid From Both Writing Tough and Interference Personal Taste in Subject Review and Try to Citing Topics to Psychology Science, 2- Express the Conflict and Tension Between Three Levels of Personality, 3- Explanation The Important Role of Ego in Mutanabbi Personality Structure As a Regulatory Factor in Personality, and 4- Expression of Defense-Mental Mechanisms Used by Mutanabbi. This Study was Written by Content Analysis Method and Based on Freud’s Personality Theory (Regardless of Sex Subjects) and Was Performed by Library Method. One of the Results of This Study is Essence of Conflict and Tension in Three Levels of Mutanabbi Personality. This Conflict is Evident in a Battle of Superego With Id as Well as Superego With Ego. Also the Ego Plays an Important Role in Personality Structure of Mutanabbi; On the One Hand, to Meet the Demands of the Id and From Other hand Coordinate Itself with Idealistic Goals of Superego, and Helps to these Two Aspects of Personality to Achieve Goals. One of the Other Results in this Study is Determine Multiple Defense-Mental Mechanisms that Mutanabbi Applied them to Stress Relief.

Mahmoud Taymour (1894-1973) is one of the Great Contemporary Arab Fiction Writers, Who has Contributed a Lot to the Arabic Literature. He was a Pioneer of the Modern Arabic Novel and Short Story and He was Called the Father of Contemporary Arabic Fiction. One of His Most Important Works is Shams and Layl Which is a Real Travelogue Mixed with the Writer’s Wondrous Fantasy. In this Paper The authors have Reviewed this Novel, and Studied the Views, Opinions and Styles and of The Mahoud Taymour. The authors of This Paper Came to This Conclusion that This Book is Like a Mirror Which Shows the Taymour's Personality. Reviewing the Place and Time, the Dual Characters, Synchronized Composition and Amazing Music, and With the View into the Themes Such as Love and Devotion to his Homeland (Romantic School) and Real Events and Real Stories (School of Realism), this Paper Seeks to Depicts The Mahmoud Taymour's Style in the Creation of this Novel.

Different Symmetries Play a Role in Understanding the Meaning of a Sentence. Syntacticians have been aware of this Issue and have Used a Variety of Symmetries in their Analyses. When The Arabic Syntax Became Familiar with the Aristotelian logic and Received some Philosophical Issues, Most of the Syntacticians Focused Upon the Arabic Symmetry and Few Attentions were Directed Towards other Symmetries and this Led to the Idea of Naming the Science of Syntax as an Arabic Science. In the Current Era, Some People, by Considering this Issue, have Attempted to Find a New Analysis and Knowledge of Effective Symmetries in Understanding the Meaning. Tammam Hassan, by Presenting the Theory of Symmetric Correlation in Understanding Meaning, has Intended to Pay Attention to all Symmetries Without Considering any Differences Between Them. He Introduces Eight Verbal and Five Semantic Symmetries Which in an Integrated Way Convey the Meaning to the Readers/Audience. The Present Paper Attempts to Introduce this Theory and by Determining its Place in The Scientific Community Presents a New Approach in Examining the Text, an Approach Which Assigns a Role for all Symmetries in Understanding Meaning. This Theory is a Reflection of Different and Unorganized Symmetries in Syntactic Books Especially Hazem qartajanni and Abdolghaher Gorgani’s Ideas Which Enabled Tammam Hassan to Classify Them and Present his Own Ideas.