Industrial Technology Development
Year:2014 | Volume:- | Issue:23|Papers Count:6

After the human transition from the agricultural to industrial age and from the latter to information age, a new paradigm is emerging and growing in the economy and society of developed countries which is called the conceptual age. We are passing from an economy and society based on the linear, logical and computer-like capabilities of the information age to an economy and society based on empathic, creative and illustrative ones. Proficiency of analytical and reductionist thinking, and the age of the knowledge worker are changing. As the change from industrial to information society has profound effects on human life and actions, the change from information to conceptual society will also revolutionize relationships and lifestyle fundamentally. In this paper, after reviewing the concepts and definitions of the conceptual age, the causes of a paradigm shift are investigated. Then, the requirements of technology development in this age, as one of the areas affected by this paradigm shift will be discussed with implications for developing countries.

Commercialization and business creation through nanotechnology have been taken into consideration as a goal by different countries and companies in the world. Nanotechnology enjoys remarkable social privileges worldwide because of providing business opportunities for individuals. It is necessary to market the products and processes presented by this technology in order to detect its privileges which, in turn, require commercialization process. After the advent of nanotechnology, a lot of researches and innovations have been done in different sectors and industries (including food industries) of the country. The commercialization of the new and emerging technologies including nanotechnology is of particular sensitivity that without the recognition of the related effective factors and the present barriers no suitable strategy can be compiled for its transferring; for the present, it is one of the weak points of our country. Therefore, the recognition of effective factors in commercialization and the presence of suitable policies for nanotechnology commercialization are considered as national requirements. In this research, due to the extent of the subject, the environmental factors are only recognized through the interview with the commercialization experts and companies’ managers active in nanotechnology in food and agriculture sectors. Then, the significant association between the factors and commercialization of nanotechnology are predicted and studied by using the Friedman test to rank these factors, and through multiple linear regression.

Numerous studies have been done about business performance and suitable competitive advantage of industrial firms since they are determined by the firm’s profitability rate. The purpose of this study is to identify fundamental factors affecting business performance and gaining sustainable competitive advantage of industrial firms. Based on available documentations and the researches done in this respect, the associations of these factors are studied. The explanation of the considerable effect of market orientation on innovation is one of the most significant findings of this paper. In research literature, market orientation has been recognized as the main factor in forming innovation and improving business performance. Another result disclosed by this article is the notable effect of innovation on business performance in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The mediating role of learning orientation between the market orientation and innovation is another important aspect of this research. Finally, based on documents and researches in this field, the relation among the main components including market orientation, innovation, business performance and sustainable competitive advantages is presented in a form of conceptual model; also its application is stated.

The emergence of the concept of "complex products and systems" began from the literature of military systems, the complexities of the system, the school of large technical system, project management and industrial organization studies. Complex products which are technically manufactured by advanced companies, are technologically advanced capital goods; and investment for capacity building in production sector is one of the important landmarks of national economic power. In the area of complex products, industry structure is mainly composed of very small number of very large firms, suppliers, manufactures, and customers. These firms involve in the process of design, research and development, systems integration, further improvements of the product and maintenance. Now, economic developments require commercialization and development of complex technologies in which the innovation happens only through a complex network. So, one of the distinguishing features of these products compared with the simple ones in mass production is the difference in the related mechanism and innovation management.

After notifying (conveying) the comprehensive map in the last days of 1389, a possibility has been provided for the experts to suggest the opportunities to improve the map in upcoming editions despite its strong points and apart from political discussions.In this paper, after reviewing some definitions and studying the history of the scientific maps of Iran and the world, strong points in brief and the opportunities to improve the map in future in detail are pointed out. It is tried to quote the other experts’ opinions critically and to reflect as far as possible the different views involved in this respect.Finally, after critical study of the conceivable areas for improvement, some opportunities are identified in this respect which the two most important of them are as follows: firstly, considering the science and technology policy as the consequence of industrial one, and trying to ratify a coherent industrial policy and then from which the technology and science priorities resulted instead of obtaining them through referendum and the like. Even if we decide to refer to experts’ referendum in order to realize these priorities, large and national or research Delphi techniques are necessary. Secondly, according to the leadership of defense industry, the required areas for overflowing the science and technology from defensive sector to business institutes should be provided.

One of the main ideas of organizational science is the ability of an organization to use its available capabilities and, in addition to perform its past tasks precisely, at the same time it should gain new and fundamental abilities. In the early related researches, the relation between the two activities of exploration and exploitation was unacceptable; but in recent researches, some organizations are studied which can both perceive their abilities and seek new opportunities simultaneously. The organizational ambidexterity concept is increasingly used by researchers as a new one in organizational development and in describing organizations powerful in exploitation and exploration. To gain sustainable competitive advantage, and organizational performance and stability, the ambidexterity is under discussion; it is achieved by the attempt of the technology- based organizations in exploiting and exploring of the available opportunities. A lot of ambiguities have been created at the same time of the presentation of the concept in management literature. In this paper, it is tried to clarify some of these ambiguities, and the library and descriptive methods are applied to explain the subjects. Also, typology of the organizational ambidexterity is studied based on the structural and time dimensions of technology-based organizations. This typology and its application in researches help the different concept makings of ambidexterity in understanding more about a multi-sided structure. In this research, after defining the organizational ambidexterity and presenting the existing ambiguities, multi-sided typology including balanced, rotational, segregated and mutual ambidexterity is discussed and studied. Finally, research subjects in the field of organizational ambidexterity are offered for researchers.