Ebnesina
Year:2020 | Volume:21 | Issue:4 (69)|Papers Count:11

Background: Postpartum depression is an important and common disease that may be exacerbated and prolonged if not diagnosed or treated early. It may affected by various factors including moral intelligence and social adjustment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence, social adjustment, and postpartum depression in women referring to Birjand health centers. Materials and methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included all mothers who referred to health centers during the first six to eight weeks after delivery. Among the psychological centers, five centers were randomly selected and then 200 subjects with available sample were participated in the study. The research instruments were Edinburgh's standard postpartum depression questionnaire, moral intelligence questionnaire, and Wiseman's Social Adjustment Scale (1974). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis. Results: There was a significant relationship between moral intelligence, social adjustment and depression (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Considering the effect of mothers’ postpartum depression on their moral intelligence and adjustment, the accuracy and attention of health groups in postpartum referrals based on timely diagnosis of depression is necessary.

Background: Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. But taking it without prescription from a physician to increase athletic and academic performance is common. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of methylphenidate and aerobic exercise on the function of rats' liver enzymes. Materials and methods: Samples of this study were 80 male Wistar rats with average weight of 228± 15 gr which divided into eight groups of ten. Studied groups included control group, aerobic exercise sham, drug sham, aerobic exercise, 10 mg of drug, 30 mg of drug, aerobic exercise +10 mg and aerobic exercise +30 mg group. Drug groups and aerobic exercise + drug groups took drugs according to their weights orally. The physical activity (25 m/min) was performed 30 minutes a day, three days a week for two months for aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise + drug groups. After the last session of aerobic exercise, blood samples were taken from the rats, and also liver enzymes were measured. Statistical computations (ANOVA, Tukey) were performed for data analysis at the level of 0. 05. Results: Statistical calculations among different groups showed that serum changes in liver enzymes in the aerobic exercise group were not significantly different from the control, aerobic, and sham groups. However, in the drug group and also in the exercise + drug group, the increased dose-dependent of serum in liver enzymes was significantly higher than the control, aerobic, drug sham, and aerobic training groups (p<0. 05). Conclusion: A dose-dependent increase in liver enzymes in the drug and exercise + drug groups, even in comparison to the aerobic exercise group, suggests a possible hepatotoxicity of nontherapeutic use of methylphenidate risk of non-therapeutic methylphenidate associated with aerobic exercise. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm and generalize these results.

Background: Citrulline malate is a non-essential alpha-amino acid supplement resulting from arginine oxidation and may cause changes in the immunity, cardiovascular, and angiogenic mechanisms. It also reduces the rating of fatigue perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an endurance resistance exercise course combined with citrulline malate supplement on Fibroblast Growth Factor(FGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and the amount of fatigue among young bodybuilders. Materials and methods: In a semi-experimental study, 40 boys who were the members of fitness clubs were selected with simple random sampling method and were divided into four groups: control, exercise (12 weeks, four sessions per week with the intensity of 50-55% VO2max and for 75min), supplements (3000mg L-citrulline, three times a day), and supplement + exercise. Changes in VEGF and FGF concentration (blood sample) and fatigue perception (by Borg scale) were recorded at the beginning and end of the period Results: Results of analysis of variance showed that endurance resistance training and citrulline malate consumption significantly increased VEGF and FGF. There was also a decrease in the perception of the difficulty of the exercise in the exercise + supplement group compared to the supplement group, exercise group, and control group (p≤ 0. 05). However, Bonferroni test confirmed a significant difference only in VEGF. Conclusion: Citrulline malate and endurance resistance training with increasing VEGF and FGF enhance angiogenesis and cardiovascular activity. Therefore, this may help improve exercise performance by reducing the perception of the difficulty of the exercise.

Background: Self-injurious behaviors are seen in young people and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy on the reduction of self-injurious behaviors among soldiers with a history of self-injury in a military unit. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test and post-test one with a control group with follow-up. Totally, 20 individual who had the inclusion criteria were randomly selected among soldiers with the history of self-injury. Gratis intentional selfinjury behavior questionnaire was used for data collection in pretest and post-test. After the pre-test, the experimental group was treated in a dialectical behavior therapy. This program was run in 12 sessions of 90 minutes and two sessions a week. Results: The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy by group method was effective in reducing self-injurious behaviors of soldiers with a history of self-injury in a military unit at the significant level of p=0. 04. Also, it was effective in the reduction of intrapersonal and interpersonal functions of self-injurious behaviors among these soldiers Conclusion: In summary, dialectic behavior therapy had a significant effect in reducing self-injurious behaviors in soldiers with a positive history.

Background: Depression is one of the common problems in military forces that causes a severe disability. Therefore, because of the importance of the issue and the inconsistency of the results of previous studies, this research was aimed to perform a systematic and meta-analytic review of the prevalence of depression among soldiers. Materials and methods: A meta-analysis was carried out using researches published between 2001 and 2017. The related articles were obtained through research databases. Heterogeneity of the study was tested using I2 index, and data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) software. Results: The overall prevalence of depression among Iranian soldiers was 50% (95% CI: 31. 8%-68. 1%). The highest prevalence of depression was recorded among 80% of NAHAJA soldiers (95% Cl: 71%-86. 7%), and the lowest prevalence was reported among 15. 9% of a garrison located in Tehran City (95% Cl: 11. 8%-21%). To investigate the potential effective factors on heterogeneity in the prevalence of depression among Iranian soldiers, meta-regression of sample size and year of the study was used. The only significant difference in this study was related to the sample size increase, resulting in a reduction of prevalence of depression in these soldiers. Conclusion: In the current study, the prevalence of depression in soldiers is very high. As a result, it is necessary for state and military authorities to take effective measures to improve the mental health of the soldiers.

Background: Today, due to ever-expanding of using electronic systems and electromagnetic fields in the living environment and it can be used in treatment of some neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves on cord blood stem cells. Materials and methods: The newborn's umbilical cord was transferred to a cell culture laboratory under sterile conditions. Then, using hyaluronidase, trypsin and collagenase enzymes, the cells were separated and cultured. For purification and removal of additional cells, the flasks were passaged three times Then, flaskswere incubated in the incubator with electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 50 Hz and intensity 0. 25, 0. 5, and 1 millitesla, two hours per day for a consecutive 14 days. Then, neuronal specific antibodies and MTT assay were tested for neuronal proliferation and differentiation of the cells. Results: The results showed that the intensity of 0. 5 and 1 significantly decreased the number of cells, but in the 0. 25 millitesla, there was no significant decrease in the number of cells in comparison with the control group. In addition, differentiation was observed only in 0. 25 and 0. 5 millitesla groups, but not in group 1 millitesla. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that electromagnetic waves can differentiate and expand the umbilical mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Contamination of rice with heavy metals and its entry into the food chain can cause irreparable damage to human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the concentration of heavy elements and their weekly absorption in consumed rice which has produced in different regions of Guilan province. Materials and methods: In this study, Hashemi rice samples were in nine areas of Guilan province. To determine the level of contamination of rice to heavy metals, an induced plasma mass spectrometry device (ICP-MS) was utilized. One-way analysis of variance and the mean comparison based on Duncan test at 5% probability were carried out level for nine areas with control group (10 treatments) in three replications for the elements cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium. Results: There was a significant difference among the studied areas in terms of concentration of heavy metals as well as a significant difference with control. In all areas, lead was higher than the permitted level (0. 2ppm). Except for Rudsar, Kudeh, and Kumeleh, chromium was higher than the permitted limit (1ppm). The concentration of nickel in Rasht and Shanderman was higher than the limit value (0. 6ppm). Cadmium was lower than permitted value (0. 1 ppm) in all areas. It should be noted that based on the FAO/WHO standard, the measured values of all studied metals were tolerable for human in the permissible weekly level. Conclusion: Although tolerable weekly intake of evaluated metals by people through rice consumption was not higher than the permitted value, the consumption of other contaminated foods with heavy elements along with rice may lead to significant and irreparable effects.

Physiological properties of adaptation to chronic hypoxia can help the high-altitude natives to overcome oxygen limitations. The protective effects of high altitudes have also been confirmed in experimental studies using the hypobaric chamber. Many factors have been introduced about molecular mechanisms of the protective effects of chronic hypoxia. Studies in the past decades and recent genomic studies have suggested a genetic basis for these physiological adaptations in these areas. It is also known that patterns of genetic variations are different among major populations of high altitudes. This article is a review of the physiological adaptations to chronic hypoxia and its molecular and genetic mechanisms.

Background: Among personality disorders, borderline personality disorder is one of the severe and serious psychiatric disorders, and one of the most effective psychological treatments to improve its symptoms is third-wave psychotherapies. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review focused on the effect of third wave psychotherapies on borderline personality disorder. Materials and methods: In this systematic review, a search of clinical trials articles was done in Persian and English using the keywords "Borderline Personality Disorder", "Dialectical Behavior Therapy", "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy " and "Schema Therapy". Results: Totally, twelve full-text articles were reviewed. After searching, screening, and evaluation, the results showed that all studies in general (overall score) had reported a positive effect of third wave interventions on improving borderline personality disorder, yet there were differences in some symptoms (such as anger, paranoid beliefs, absurdity, interpersonal relationships, impulsivity, etc. ). The findings also showed that this therapy was effective for specific groups, including addicts and prisoners, but such usefulness was different in each group. Conclusion: In summary, studies were conducted on different individuals, small sample size, and different cultural contexts. According to these findings, the third-wave therapeutic interventions were effective in improving symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Further studies, however, are required in order to investigating its effects on some symptoms.

Background: A strategic purchasing is the best way of a win-win situation between a buyer and a service provider. It promotes the financial performance of the health system, protects patients financially, and provides them with appropriate services. This study aimed to investigate the strategic purchasing tactics in cancer patients. Materials and methods: In this systematic review, 13 electronic databases and search engines were searched by appropriate keywords in the time spam of 2000-2018. English or Persian articles on the health issue were discussed, and their quality was evaluated using the CASP checklist. Results: Out of 2, 999 identified articles, 21 articles with title, abstract, and text were included in the study. Based on the findings of this study, the main health service purchasing strategies among cancer patients were the strategies of service-recipient, service provider strategy, service-purchaser strategy, and financial tactics with some sub-strategies. Conclusion: Since strategic potentialities in the healthcare organization require a different administrative thinking, the protection and monitoring made by the government in regulating relations among all of stakeholders can improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of service provision and consequent economical profits of the health system.

Due to the increasing prevalence of air travel around the world, it is possible to spread contagious infectious diseases from endemic areas to other areas. Of course, this can be largely prevented by raising the level of public health and awareness. Also, with the ease of air travel and the aging of communities, the number of elderly travelers with concomitant illnesses will increase, which will increase the mortality and morbidity associated with the spread of communicable infectious diseases. Stricter hygiene protocols implemented on airlines and proper design of modern aircraft can greatly reduce the transmission of contagious diseases. Our purpose in presenting this article was to formulate appropriate guidelines for experts and authorities to inform and provide best practices when dealing with an influenza epidemic.