Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior
Year:2020 | Volume:9 (18) | Issue:18 (34) |Papers Count:12

Motor learning or the acquisition of coordination is a process of searching for stable functional coordination patterns, into which a system can settle during a task or activity. Human as complex creatures can choose the best pattern based on conditions within different coordination patterns and also achieve goals of tasks. So the purpose of this study is to determination the effect of a Nonlinear Pedagogy approach for the effectiveness of the movement and acquisition of skills. Accordingly, in this study 14 participants (with the average 19. 64 and SD 0. 74) are taught the short backhand serve of badminton with using linear and nonlinear pedagogy approaches. Linear approach Based on traditional Viewpoint using the descriptive methods and repetive instructions. On the other hand, nonlinear Pedagogy Approach Based on the ecological dynamics theory using manipulation of task constraints especially task constraints including equipment and rules Planned and conducted. Performance accuracy were selected to analyze further selections and used analysis of covariance to measure the effect of the independent variable measured. The test significance level was considered P <. / 05. Despite the progress of both groups to the pre-test, no difference was observed between the two groups in accuracy scores (F=0. 092 and p=0. 767) and both were equal to achieve results of the task as an indicator of skill acquisition. Our findings indicate that nonlinear pedagogy approach, resulted from theory of ecological dynamics, consider the complexity of Acquisition the skill and inherent tendency of individuals with providing movement affordances. Also, this approach can be effective in the fulfilment of goal tasks.

Today, because of living in the machines age and the resulted less mobility and activity of citizens, the diverse and accessible sports for the citizens has become more important. This research which was carried out by qualitative methodology with fundamental-exploratory nature and using the grounded theory is aimed at designing a conceptual model for citizen sports in Tehran metropolitan area. The purposeful-snowball sampling method was used in the research. Accordingly, in order to collect the data, 25 experts of citizen sports were interviewed, and the Strauss and Corbin paradigm analysis was used to develop the final model. Given the results, motivational and health factors were identified as causal conditions, the hardware and software context was identified as the dominant field, the behavioral, structural and environmental level factors were identified as the intervening conditions. Also, promotional, legal, financial, educational, interactive and developmental measures were identified as strategies, and securing national interests, economic consequences, sport development, healthsanitary and socio-cultural outcomes were identified as the strategies implementation results. Given these findings, one can expect that by identifying the citizen sports conditions and concentration on strategic actions, the functional and operational facilities for its development and growth would be provided in Tehran metropolitan area.

The purpose of this inquiry was to examine the interrelations among handwriting legibility and speed, and underlying perceptual-motor skills in Persian language students. Seventy students (26 male, 44 female; 10. 21 ± 1. 02 yr; 30 poor and 40 good control hand writers) were assessed during a copying task. The children completed the visual-motor control (VMC), upper-limb speed and dexterity (ULSD), and upper-limb coordination (ULC) subtests of the Bruininks– Oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT). The poor group scored significantly lower on handwriting legibility and speed in comparison with classroom controls in the copying task. Correlation coefficients between perceptual-motor function scores with handwriting legibility, and with handwriting speed varied from-0. 11 to 0. 40, and 0. 17 to 0. 39 respectively. Results showed that both legibility and speed predicted differences between students classified as “ poor” and “ good” hand writers. Results also showed that in the poor hand writers group, age, gender, BOT-ULC, and BOT-VMC were found to be significant predictors of legibility of handwriting, whereas gender and BOT-ULC were shown to be significant predictors of handwriting speed. The findings suggest that distinct perceptual-motor components may underlie writing during copying. Poor quality of handwriting of children seems to be particularly related to some sort of deficiency and dysfunction in perceptual-motor skills. Future studies should determine the possible benefit of interventions including stimulant in perceptual-motor functioning and handwriting performance, to enhance performance in these areas.

This study investigated the effect of audiovisual integration on action-perception transfer. 40 subjects were randomly divided four groups: visual, visual-auditory, control visual and control visual-auditory. Visual groups watched pattern skilled basketball player and other groups in addition to watching pattern skilled basketball player, heard Elbow angular velocity as sonification. In first stage, the pattern is presented to subjects for five times and them replying to ten questions about different aspects of pattern. Then they performed parameter recognition and pattern recongnition tests. In second stage, experimental groups watch pattern five times again and perform it after each watch. Control groups watch pattern similar to experimental group but they must not perform it. All groups responded to the questionnaire and participated in a recognition tests again. Results showed that before action, in “ percent confidence reply” and no “ reply to questions” there is significant different between experimental groups. But after action in both “ percent confidence reply” and “ reply to questions” there was significant different between experimental groups and control groups (p<0. 05). In this study was confirmed effect of visual-auditory integration on action-perception transfer. This results is explainable based of Common Coding Theory, Direct Matching Hypothesis and Predictive Models. The results are consistent with modality appropriateness hypothesis.

Although reputation construct enters early in sport but; not only supportive behavior isn’ t new question, but also always have been noticed by sport teams. The present research is in search of be clarify that is sport that is prominent setting of emotion and feeling of spectator and fans, team reputation can appear spectator supportive behavior? In this research number of 580 persons as sample from spectator population’ s fc. Esteghlal and Persepolis F. C. selected. Questionnaires because reputation emotional component (reputation perception construct) Were distributed as online that game day’ s emotion didn’ t impact on spectator answer. Jang et al. (2015) team reputation questionnaire consist of 6 subscales and 19 items, Ponzi et al. 2011 supportive behavior and reputation perception everyone had 4 items that adjusted in 5-points Likert scale. Questionnaire content validity have been evaluated by 7 professors in sport management. Alpha Cronbach’ s coefficient has been measured for reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) also used for construct validity. indeed, shown that team reputation predicted %42 changes of supportive behavior without reputation perception while with Presence this predicted %24. In conclusion reputation perception as emotional construct have more impact on supportive behavior than Functional and cognitive component.

The purpose of this study is to predict the management of change through the use of information technology components in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To collect data, a questionnaire was used to survey the acceptance and use of information technology in the workplace (Davis, 1989) in four sections: perceived usefulness with 6 questions, perceptual ease with 6 questions, attitude towards the use of information technology with 5 questions, and The tendency to use information technology with 4 questions and a total of 21 questions of five values (Likert number 1 to 5, too many) were used and the AdCaracy FAQ changed the management to assess the extent and the extent to which employees were exposed to changes in the workplace to measure The components of knowledge, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (Likert Five Value Questionnaire). The questionnaire from the translated translated article is a research article to investigate the extent and staff resistance to change (Boehne, 2012). It is worth mentioning that the questionnaire is a super standard and international, and with the confirmation of professors, Is. Its reliability has been approved and certified at an international level of 96%. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey. The results of the research were descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kalmogorov-Smirnov (to determine the normality of the data), single-sample t-test (to determine the status of the main variables), Pearson correlation coefficient (to determine the relationships between variables), multiple regression test (forward direction Nasal variables) were analyzed using spss software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between "change management" and "application of information technology". Also, there is a significant positive relationship between "perceived usefulness", "perceived ease", "attitude toward application" and "tendency to use" with "change management" (p <0. 05)., So it can be deduced that change management can be predicted through the IT component. In this research, change management is considered as a criterion variable and is predicted through the application of information technology components.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) advertising on the sports customers' purchase intention with emphasis on the mediator role of consumer’ s involvement. 270 sport customers voluntarily filled out the Bambauer-Sachse and Mangold electronic word of mouth advertising (2011), McQuarrie's consumer involvement (1992) and the Diallo (2012) and Park et al purchase intention (2008) questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in software Lisrel 8. 51 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the electronic word of mouth advertising had a significant direct effect on the purchase intention (γ =0. 22; p<0. 05) and the consumer involvement (γ =0. 70; p<0. 01). The Findings prove the positive moderation role of involvement on the relationship between electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) advertising and purchase intention. According to results of model analysis the modified model had good fit (CFI=0. 94; RMSEA=0. 077; χ 2/df=2. 60). In conclusion, we can say that electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) advertising can have a great impact on the individual knowledge about products and consumer involvement in them, and it can thus affect consumers' purchase intention by provision of a large volume of information in a short time.

The aim of this research was to constructing and validating the questionnaire of the factors influencing the implementation of green productivity strategy in Iran's sport. The present research carried out in a combination (qualitative and quantitative) method. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative stage consisted of 20 environmental experts and sports management professors, and in a quantitative stage consisted of all sports managers, environmental experts and university professors. The sample size was determined by using purposeful judgment available sampling 357 people. Content and construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability coefficient was estimated to be 0. 86. The results of the research identified and introduced seven effective factors (education and research, human resources, culture and attitudes, laws and regulations, control and supervision, management and planning, and physical factors) as effective factors. These factors produced a questionnaire with 39 items that explained 61. 77% of the variance of green productivity. Additionally, the fitness indices of the first and second order confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of the questionnaire. The constructed tool has a functional capability as well as a good validity and reliability. As such, the tool is suggested to be used in the evaluation and management of green productivity of sports organizations.

The aim of this study was to identify resource-efficient individual experiences handball national team athletes. This was a qualitative study and applied phenomenology as its methodology. The research community, athletes, field handball national team in 1393 (2014), which were selected purposefully and snowball method. Participants (8 men and 4 women) voluntarily participated in this study. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used. Data were analyzed using themed analysis. The study was an attempt by the standards of credibility, reliability, and portability Verifiability is reliable. The findings obtained from the interviews, resource-efficient individual participants in 4 explanatory Code "sports experiences", "practical experience", "social experience", "mental experiments" were identified. The findings were similar to other theories and were complementary and special in some regards. Some findings were contradictory. This study of the subject individual efficiency to achieve more success in the international sports arena offers a handball Iran.

One of The mental skills that suggested by psychologists for athletes is mental imagery. Imagery is a conscious internal process that mimics real-life experience in absence of sensory perception experience. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of traditional mental practice, Pettlep and physical practice on basketball free throw skill. In this study 40 participant after evaluation were randomly divided into traditional (10), Pettlep(10), physical(10) and control(10) groups. For statistical analysis t-test, ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test was used. For statistical analysis, t-test used to evaluate changes within the group, variance used for investigate out-group changes, Levene test used for normal distribution of data and the Tukey post hoc used to determine the differences and their position within the group and between-group. Statistical analysis showed that traditional mental exercises did not show improvement in learning than pre-test (p>0/05). But physical exercise showed significant results than traditional mental practice (p<0/05). Results also demonstrated that Pettlep mental practice group showed significant difference than physical exercise (p<0/5). According to the results of this study Pettlep mental workout is more effective than traditional mental and physical practice.

The purpose of study was to investigate role of negative news about the attitude of fans towards the players and Persepolis football team. The population of study was all students of fans of Persepolis team in Kurdistan University. A sample of 200 people was selected and simple random sampling method was used for data collection. The research method was semi experimental and factorial design was 2 * 2 * 2. Questionnaire was used to measure identity and attitude towards Persepolis team and Descriptive statistics and inferential (independent t-test, one way covariance analysis) were used to analyze the data. In the study, four types of negative information (immoral of game related, immoral of non-game related, Incompetent of game related, Incompetent of non-game related) on the attitude of fans towards the players and Persepolis team were investigated. The research findings showed that immoral negative information more than incompetence negative information results in negative attitudes towards fans and the Persepolis team. Also, the negative attitude to the Persepolis team and players in high and low identity fans is different in the negative news of the incompetence related and unrelated to sport, but is not the same in the negative immoral news of related and unrelated negative news. The Persepolis club can prevent the development of immoral and incompetence issues by controlling and monitoring the well-known players in the team. By preventing the publication of false and negative news from other news sources, it prevents fans from developing a negative attitude toward the team.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate reliability and validity of Persian version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised in Gorganian Bodybuilder men. After a rigorous translation and back-translation procedure, 400 men completed the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), the Eating Disorders ExaminationQuestionnaire (EDE-Q), and the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA). The reliability of the scale was assessed via internal consistency. Cronbach’ s alphas range (0. 76 to 0. 82) suggested good reliability of the Persian version of EDS-R. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original seven factor model of the scale. The internal relations between the subscales (0. 22 to 0. 59) and concurrent validity (0. 09 to 0. 78) also were appropriate. The Persian version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised has a satisfactory psychometric properties in the Iranian society and useable in the clinical and research settings.