Future of Medical Education Journal
Year:2020 | Volume:10 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Background: Living in a university just through attending the academic environment has always been full of different experiences that play a significant and unseen role in the formation of a formal and predetermined curriculum. The purpose of this study is to narrate the seven-year lived experiences of medical students in Mashhad University of medical Sciences about the factors constituting the hidden and null forms of their curriculum. Methods: This research was conducted with the qualitative method of content analysis through 1-Semi-structured personal interview with students of different basic and clinical levels of medicine, 2-Performing two-group interviews(Focus Group) 3-Reviewing and analyzing the content of all medical students’ logbooks, the section which is about the expression of experiences, criticisms and suggestions from attending different wards of the hospital and clinical training by using Graneheim and Lundman method in data analysis. Results: After analyzing individual and group interviews as well as analyzing students' logbooks, 942 initial codes were obtained. The codes were classified in 11 main classes with the following titles: Existence of specific educational plan, content materials and educational resources, master's pattern model, student role, teaching method, assessment method, teaching and learning strategies in the environment, the role of area, location, equipment and infrastructures, teaching time, gender composition and mixing, and the atmosphere governing relationships and the environment. Conclusion: In this study the factors that formed the hidden and null experiences of medical students were examined. The students expressed their experiences and their role in learning 11 dimensions. This demonstrated that attention by politicians, policy makers, and managers can create an environment full of dynamism and education.

Background: Today, learning English is an undeniable necessity because English is the language of science and the training of different disciplines at higher levels and science production is done in English. Motivation is a variable that is considered as a fundamental pillar in the learning category. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 607 students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Ferdowsi University from faculties of Health, Nursing and midwifery, paramedical, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, agriculture, geological, veterinary, and biology who were studying in the third semester were studied during the academic year of 2018-2019. In this study, the faculties of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Ferdowsi University were selected using a stratified sampling method. In addition, the motivation and attitude of the English language Learning (Gardner) questionnaire was used in the present study. Results: The mean score of total attitude and knowledge in Ferdowsi University was 109. 29 ± 16. 04, and in the University of Medical Sciences it showed that 108. 91 ± 17. 39. 2. 1% of the students had poor motivation and attitude, while it was medium in 24. 7%, good in 64. 7% of students, and 8. 4% had a very good motivation and attitude to learn. By assessing the scores of attitude and motivation, it was demonstrated that the students had a positive attitude towards the language; however, the motivation of language was not favorable among students. There was a significant relationship between students' motivation and their educational level (P < 0. 05); however, the students with higher educational levels were more motivated. There was no significant difference between students’ motivations of two universities. No significant relationship could be observed between motivation and major, native status, age, as well as gender (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: The students of two universities, without significant differences, had a good attitude toward language learning. However, the motivation score was not as desirable. Not using the main books and resources of language, inappropriate employment or lack of employment, and economic difficulties were considered as motivational barriers.

Background: Universities and research institutes are among the most significant mainstays of a society growth and its excellence. The need to support the higher education sector requires the increasing of attractions associated with this sector be entice specialized workforce, especially qualified faculty members to serve in these organizations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the status of faculty recruitment indicators at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The present study confirmed that it is necessary to improve the status of faculty recruitment indicators given the lack of valid and adequate indicators. Methods: This study was conducted based on the focus group method as well as gathering the experts and benefactors’ opinions on the faculty member recruitment process. In the focus group meetings, the status of the components comprising the form of academic expertise score of the volunteer faculty members was reviewed in accordance with the regulations of admission. However, it was finally revised and developed. Results: The research findings revealed that the necessary points, documents, and the scoring approach for the research and educational components of this form should be revised. The revision should be arranged in a manner that the number of points assigned to the educational components increases in proportion to the total points of the form; however, some components were removed and some added. Furthermore, improvements should be made in the scoring approach and the necessary documents to review these components. Conclusion: Ultimately, data analysis led to the classification of revisions about the current form of the volunteer's scientific expertise and the design of a new form from the specialists’ perspectives.

Background: The aim of present study was to determine the effect of using the experimental model of induction of structural-functional disorder in the practical training of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology on the level of knowledge and attitude of medical students. Methods: The present study was a descriptive study conducted on medical students for three consecutive semesters. Initially, students were divided into groups of 15 people and the experimental models of stress and peptic ulcer induction were explained theoretically using PowerPoint software. Then, for each group of students a rat, which was prepared on the same day as the stress ulcer model, was dissected after induction of anesthesia. At the end, students were asked to complete a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 7 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. Results: The participants were 187 medical students with mean age of 20. 28 ± 1. 82 years. Students agreed “ high” and “ very high” with holding the laboratory for raising knowledge (90. 4%), changing their attitude towards GI physiology (68. 5%), enhancing their skills (54. 5%), being interesting and innovative (89. 9%), increasing their interest in learning the topics of GI physiological theory (75. 7%), identifying "stress ulcer and peptic ulcer" (79. 2%), as well as holding the sessions of the laboratory for the future courses (84. 5%). Conclusion: Findings indicated that experimental work on live animals greatly enhanced students’ knowledge and learning. It seems that using animals should not be replaced entirely by virtual experiments; however, the combination of several teaching methods such as blended laboratories is recommended for some concepts and physiological processes including in GI physiology.

Background: Learning styles as student preferences for acquiring and nurturing knowledge are different by considering their individual and social factors. Socio-cultural factors and the educational structure of different countries are some of the factors affecting this matter. The present study aimed to compare the learning style of Iranian and international medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students studying in the basic science courses of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the educational year of 2018-2019. Methods: In the present study the complete enumeration was used for sampling and data were collected by using VARK standard questionnaire, and then they were analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Among 225 students participating in the present study 46. 4 and 53. 5% of the participants were Iranian and international students, respectively. Based on comparing the mean score of four learning styles among Iranian and international medical students, two kinesthetic (P<0. 05) and aural (P<0. 05) styles were significantly different. The results of the present study represented the preference of bi-model learning style among Iranian and international students (87%) compared to that of tri-and quad-model ones. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the learning style of both groups was bi-model although a difference was observed between Iranian and international students regarding uni-model style. Thus, different active education methods should be used to improve the academic performance of students in order to utilize all senses for learning.

Background: The rise of third generation universities as an objective representation of industry-university relationships opens new horizons of job creation for university planners and managers. In our country, most universities are placed in second generation universities category, i. e. research-oriented universities which are not so active in commercialization of research findings. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to prioritize the factors affecting third generation universities. Methods: The present study is an applied research in term of purpose which was conducted through a mixed methods approach. The statistical population of the research included faculty members, managers, and deputy directors of Mashhad University of Medical sciences in the academic year 2019-2020 (N=1041). A sample of 212 individuals was selected through stratified sampling method. Delphi method was used to obtain the opinions of 30 experts. The research tool was a research-made questionnaire extracted from the qualitative section whose validity was confirmed by experts as well as its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’ s alpha coefficient (0. 9). The confirmed questionnaire with 7 factors and 25 components was administered and data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Results: The results of the present study showed that the two factors of focus and attention of management to entrepreneurship, and reform of education and research system with emphasis on entrepreneurship had the most impact (0. 97); however, the factor of applying cultural values in order to move towards third-generation universities with a coefficient of (0. 75) had the least impact. Conclusion: Medical universities officials should endeavor to develop entrepreneurship in universities, which requires simultaneous planning and attention to all factors, especially the factors of management attention to entrepreneurship and reforming of education and research system.

Background: Studies show that planning, strategy making, and modeling have greater impact on the achievement of learners than other educational factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in clinical competency of radiology residents by teaching and training educational models of radiologic Pattern recognition-diagnostic Approach-Feedback on diagnosis (PAF). Methods: This semi-experimental study was performed at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences from 2018 up to 2020. The participants were 60 radiology residents divided randomly into two groups of 30 subjects in two educational centers. Eight training sessions were held at one of the two educational centers for teaching this model to assistants. Then, the clinical competency of residents was evaluated by four exams. In addition, residents' satisfaction was also determined by a confidential survey conducted by the university. The parametric tests were used for data analysis. P<0. 0. 5 was considered as the significance level. Results: Comparison of the scores of two groups in OSCE exam showed that in the second and third-year of being assistance, the scores of the intervention group were significantly better than the control group (P=0. 02 & 0. 05), but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the formative (qualitative) and multiple-choice question exams. About 82. 7% of radiology residents were satisfied with this educational model. Conclusion: Pattern-based learning, including PAF, is a practical suggestion for problem-based learning in medical imaging. It can lead to improvement of the clinical competency in radiology residents, especially levels 2 or 3.

Background: The economic foundation and competitive advantage of medical organizations depend on their reliance on knowledge and its effective management. Knowledge Management (KM) consists of interconnected processes developed for acquiring, organizing, transferring, applying, and reproducing knowledge. Knowledge acquisition is a fundamental issue in educational organizations, especially in those responsible for medical education development. Knowledge resources and users are two major factors affecting the acquisition of medical knowledge. Methods: Argumentative literature review is used in this study. The Search sources include PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The keywords for the search terms included "Knowledge management and medical education, healthcare and medicine. Inclusion criteria were: English and Persian language papers, Original published papers, Medical-focused articles and Articles published in the last fifty years. Exclusion criteria were: Articles written in languages other than English and Persian, Articles not related to the medical sciences and Conference and non-original papers. The study questions focuses on three components: repositories, content and ICT, including: 1) What are the requirements of medical “ knowledge repositories” for optimal knowledge acquisition? , 2) What are the requirements of medical “ knowledge content” for optimal knowledge acquisition? , And 3) what are the” ICT” requirements for optimal knowledge acquisition? Results: Argumentative review of literature describe and summarize the principles of knowledge acquisition in medical education, focusing on knowledge resources and its components including: repositories, content, and Information and Communication Technology. Conclusion: Considering the fundamental role of medical universities in the development of medical knowledge and practice on one hand, and the importance of innovative and knowledge-based activities on the other hand, these universities should constantly benefit from the findings of different areas of medical science in training medical students. The acquisition and management of modern medical knowledge and techniques can help medical professors and students examine curriculum contents with respect to modern technological developments and medical education approaches. These processes would also lead to constructive developments and changes in medical education.

Dear Editor: Around the world, the spread of Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has led to some basic changes in social and organizational interactions; hence, the education has notbeen immune (1). Coronavirus pandemic has stopped the activities of many universities in 188 countries and caused serious changes in their higher education system (2). According to UNESCO, more than one and a half billionstudents (More than 91% of the world's students) have beenaffected by the corona pandemic, as well as their educationsystem has undergone serious changes; the changes thathave been made either publicly or by universities as well aseducational institutions (3)...