Journal of Research and Health
Year:2014 | Volume:4 | Issue:3|Papers Count:14

The study was conducted with the aim to examine the relationship between critical thinking dispositions and job satisfaction. In this descriptive cross-sectional study 271 member of health teams (doctors, midwives, social workers, …) selected by simple random stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected using California standard critical thinking disposition and job satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using statistical indices. The overall job satisfaction mean was 72.16±20.32 and overall critical thinking disposition mean was 293.76±22.02, and correlation between them was r=0.12. There was a correlation between job satisfaction and critical thinking sub-groups, except self-confidence. Action must be taken to increase various skills of critical thinking disposition in the health team. Lack of a correlation between overall job satisfaction mean and critical thinking disposition could be due to low scores in both groups.

Nuclear explosions and testing are among atmosphere polluting factors, and dangerous for the environment and health. A few months after the bombing of Hiroshima-Japan, pregnant women whose uterus had been affected by nuclear particles, gave birth to highly deformed children. In Japan, facial malformation horrified all, and embryos born had severe impairments. Brain herniation, displaced heart into back of the head, disproportionate formation with only one eye, over-sized abdomen and chest, and also numerous cases of removed frontal trunk were also observed.

Recycling and reusing urban wastes are of the most important pillars of waste management. In this respect, training has an important role in motivating and changing people’s behavior. This study was conducted to examine the effect of training on public participation in the in-house separation of urban wastes in the 5th municipal district 5 of Tehran. In this study, 300 families resident in this district were randomly selected. They were divided into three equal groups of workshop training, brochures training and the without training group; their motivational factors for participation in this plan were investigated using questionnaires. The workshop and brochure training groups referred to the time-consuming nature of waste separation, the lack of space in apartments, the irregular collection of wastes, and the unfruitfulness of the separation as the most important discouraging factors. Encouraging people, paying the costs and providing a healthier environment were noted by the educated people as the most important motivational factors. Brochure training, after workshop training, played an effective role in attracting public participation in this plan. The lowest public participation in this plan was recorded for the untrained group. The research results indicate that training, particularly workshop training, has a significant effect on motivating and improving individuals’ waste separation behavior.

Social confidence is a form of social relationships that means social interaction and action of all people of the society in all political, economic and cultural social different fields. The aim of this study is the sociology survey of students’ social confidence in two teacher training centers (TTC) and its effective social factors. The study was conducted on two TTC were 230 students. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting the data that its validity and reliability was determined. Different ideas (social capital, social confidence, human relations, behavioral habits, justice, security and so on) have been used in conducting the study and the research main factors have been derived based on them. The results showed that social confidence level on students was on average and higher level and its relationship with some of social factors has been shown by using chi-square and bi-dimensional tables and bar diagram. Frequency tables and diagrams were also used to describe sociology information of the students. A significant relationship was not observed between sex and social confidence variables. The effect of feeling social security and religiosity have been more than the other factors and also feeling of social justice, their social and economic status and trust on social mass media task has showed a meaningful relationship with the students social confidence level. In general with social justice level increasing social trust increased as well.

Consensus in the international community has grown over the past two years that Human Immunodeficiency Virus (AIDS) poses a threat to development, security, and economic growth. This paper uses Vector Error Correction Model(VECM) and Johansen cointegration analysis to estimate the effects of HIV on economic growth in Iran from 1990-2009. The results show that there is a long run cointegrating relationship between GDP per capita, total HIV mortality rates and the age dependency ratio. Result showed that an increase of 1% in total HIV morality rates will result in 1.6% decrease in GDP. The results also indicate that 1% increase in the age dependency ratio leads to 0.9% decrease in GDP. The empirical estimations for Iran from 1990-2009 show the effects ppear to be greater when HIV morality rates fall in the whole population. However, the old age dependency ratio also has an important influence on the relationship when HIV is measured in the population, although the effect of changes in age dependency on GDP is considerably less than that of HIV. Education is now directly involved in the long run relationship between GDP and HIV. In plain sight, HIV/AIDS impacts negatively economic growth by reducing the labor force and potential output, but the main issue is to find out to what extent and how to correct the problem in the least costly and most effective way.

Work-family conflict and spillover are considered among the threatening factors of well-being among nurses. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the relationship between family-work conflict and spillover and physical and psychological well-being among nurses. Research samples mincluded 197 female nurses selected using convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were Work-Family Conflict Scale, Work-Family Spillover Scale, psychological well-being and physical well-being questionnaires. Data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis method using SPSS-18. Findings showed a significantly negative correlation between work-family conflict and spillover and physical and psychological well-being among nurses. Results of regression analysis indicated that workfamily conflict explained 17 and 8.4% of the variance in physical and psychological well-being, respectively. Furthermore, out of four components of work-family spillover, marriage, partnership, and housework could explain 24.5% of variance in psychological well-being, while marital relationship could explain 10.8% of variance in physical well-being among nurses. Results of the present study represented that work-family conflict and workfamily spillover can impair psychological and physical well-being of nurses. Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to acquire training in order to properly manage work-family conflict and spillover.

The prevalence of hookah uses increasing in the world, such that its sharper incremental trend compared to cigarette use has been observed in recent years. This study was conducted to assess hookah use by the extended parallel process model (EPPM) among male students in Mashhad. In this descriptive crosssectional study which was conducted, 400 undergraduate students in two different universities of Mashhad participated based on stratified simple random sampling. Data were collected by a selfreport questionnaire and analyzed by regression analysis. 30.8% of the students reported that they had used hookah in the last two months. The mean score of the perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and self-efficacy to hookah use consequences was more in hookah non-user students than in hookah users. Mean score of the perceived effectiveness in hookah user students was less than that in hookah non-user students. Our findings showed that messages with efficient solutions to counter the threat are efficient when they are associated with perceived threat. Generally, lower scores of the variables of extended parallel process model in relation to students ‘health threat indicated increased probability of hookah use.

Intervention mapping provides an explicit theory and data driven guide for intervention development. The intervention program evaluated through a randomized controlled trial design, on 116 women aged 40-65, based on Intervention Map to increase consumption of calcium rich foods to prevent osteoporosis. Osteoporosis knowledge and stages of change of calcium intake were as the effect variables and frequency of calcium rich foods consumption was as the outcome variable of the intervention. The findings revealed that intervention was effective in increasing the participants’ knowledge of osteoporosis and calcium intake in trial group. Perhaps the Intervention mapping can be used as a theoretical framework to design efficient and effective tailored health interventions.

Self-medication is a common health issue throughout the world, especially in developing countries that have a greater level of drug-resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate self-medication in the elderly using constructs of health belief model (HBM). In this study, 180 elderly were randomly selected from 4 urban care centers. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire based on HBM and self-medication, and analyzed by using SPSS and Chi-square and logistic regression tests. The results revealed that 99.4% of the elderly kept medicine in their homes, and used them in common cases of high blood pressure, cold, and muscular and joint aches. Self-medication in the elderly was found significantly related to history of chronic diseases, knowledge, self-efficacy, benefits, barriers, and perceived intensity. According to the present study results, use of HBM is recommended to design educational programs aiming to change behaviors and reduce habitual self-medication.

Multiple sclerosisis a progressive degenerative disease which often occurs at early stages of life and causes variation in body esteem and self-esteem among MS patients. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem among patients with multiple sclerosis. This study contained 395 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis in, who were gradually selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through Taleporos body esteem questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Chisquare coefficient, and post hoc Scheffe test. The results showed that most patients had moderate self-esteem and only a small percentage (16.2%) had high self-esteem. According to the score for body esteem (3.25) and overall mean score of body esteem (42.25), patients with MS had favorable level of body esteem. Spearman’s correlation coefficient demonstrated a significantly direct, linear relationship between body esteem and self-esteem. Since coping occurs more rapidly in chronic diseases including multiple sclerosis in the presence of factors such appositive body esteem and increased self-esteem, this is the responsibility of nurses to increase patients’ coping by identifying the related factors and thus be effective in improving their self-efficacy and self-care.

Recidivism is repetition of criminal activity and generally is measured by the former prisoner’s return to prison for a new crime. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship of prisoners’ social support and self-esteem with recidivism event. The crosss-ectional descriptive analytical study enrolled all prisoners with a history of recidivism more than once. Among this population, 72 prisoners who had a history of recidivism more than once were randomly selected. Fleming social support and Cooper smith self-esteem inventory were used to examine the samples. Data were analyzed by stepwise multivariate regression tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. None of the samples had good indicator of social support and its weakness showed a significant relationship with recidivism event. No significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and recidivism. The results of the regression analysis showed that social support was one of the predictive factors of recidivism, but self-esteem had no predictive role. Reduction in social support levels and the low level of self-esteem in prisoners will result in an increased possibility of crime commitment, and it can be reduced by promoting social supports and increasing self-esteem in prisoners.

The current and future well-being of children and adolescents are significantly threatened with lack of physical activity, poor diet and chronic obesity. The present study aimed to compare the body composition and physical activity of urban and nomadic students. 119 urban students with the mean age of 13.41±0.92 and 125 nomadic students with the mean age of 13.95±1.10 were selected randomly and anthropometric and physical activity indices were measured in them. The independent t-test was used to compare the difference between the two groups. A significant difference was found between urban and nomadic students in terms of the values of height, sitting height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio, body composition, sleeping, daily activity, exercise activity and working activity (physical activity). Urban students showed higher values in all the measured variables compared to rural students except for the physical activity rate and exercise rate, however, the negative correlation was found only in nomadic students between daily activities and physical activity rate with body fat percentage and BMI. In general, results of the present study showed that nomadic students had more favorable body composition compared to urban students which is probably due to more physical activity rate in them.

Bread, as a main food of most people around the world, provides major part of energy, protein, and essential vitamins. So, health and quality of consumable bread would be very important. The aim of this study was to assess quality of taftoon bread which was produced in taftoon bakeries in Gonabad, Iran. We applied a cross-sectional descriptive study on 140 taftoon breads which were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and assessed their bacterial and fungal contaminations, value of PH, and percentage of salt. The data were gathered using a checklist and were analyzed. Our findings showed no bacterial contamination in the sample, while there was 9.3% fungal contamination in the baked breads which was the standard range. Mean (standard deviation) of PH and percentage of salt was 5.92 (0.214) and 1.30 (0.547), respectively. The value of PH in 77.1 % of the breads was into standard interval and percentage of salt in only 7.1% of the breads was more than standard measure. According to our results, 28.6% of the taftoon breads in Gonabad bakeries were unqualified. Our results indicated current situation in production of taftoon bread in Gonabad and would be used by inspectors who supervised the bakeries.