Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion
Year:2021 | Volume:9 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background and Objective: Hypertension is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and one of the most important health problems in the world, which can be prevented and controlled at the same time. The theory of planned behavior is one of the important theories that explain the main process of accepting health behaviors. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on self-care behaviors of pre-hypertension patients referred to hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 120 pre-hypertension patients in Zahedan in 1399. Sampling by method as available sample selection and divided into intervention (n = 60) and control (n = 60) groups. 6 training sessions were held for the intervention group and no intervention was performed in the control group. Data were collected before the educational intervention, immediately after the educational intervention, and three months after it, using a questionnaire appropriate to the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Results: The mean age of participants was 47/03±, 6/18, of which 60 were male and 60 were female. In the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages, the mean score of knowledge from 21/15±, 1/97 to 23/05±, 1/54 and attitude from 39/90±, 5/98 to 45/35±, 1/43, perceived behavioral control from 44/28±, 4/58 to 49/48±, 1/42, subjective norms from 40/90±, 4/08 to 44/40±, 1/76 and behavioral intention from 41/90±, 5/93 and the behavior from 42/96±, 3/39 to 46/61±, 1/83 increased and this difference was statistically significant (P<0/001),However, no significant difference was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior can be effective in improving self-care behaviors in patients with pre-hypertension.

Background and Objective: A significant proportion of spinal cord injuries and physical-motor disabilities are caused by road traffic crashes. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of people with disability due to traffic accidents. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological approach. The participants were a purposive sample of physical-motor disabled people due to road traffic injuries referred to the rehabilitation centers in East Azerbaijan, Iran. Data were collected using individual in-depth interviews and analyzed with a thematic analysis including holistic, selective and detailed approaches. Results: The main theme extracted from the experience of the participants was “, captive of destiny”,with three sub-themes including ‘, surrender of fate’, , ‘, living behind the fence’,and ‘, drowning in disability and need’, . Accordingly, participants considered themselves as the victims of destiny and believed living with disability is like living behind the fences of loneliness, frustration, regret, fear of future, pity and inefficiency. Conclusion: This study revealed that spinal cord disability imposed irreversible restrictions on the participants’,lives, so that as dependent people, they needed support from others and, were desperate to recover their lost power, found them in the fate prison. Social support and empowerment of these people to overcome disability can improve their mental health and help them return to a normal life.

Background and Objective: Education seems to be more effective in improving people's knowledge, their dietary patterns and healthier food choices. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of education programs on the consumers' knowledge, attitude and performance towards using food labels. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 250 employees of Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data collection tool was a self-administrated questionnaire which included 9 demographic information questions, 7 knowledge-related questions, 4 attitude questions, 5 performance questions and 5 comment questions about food labels and their characteristics. The education was in the form of lectures in the form of 2 sessions of 120 minutes with an interval of one week with group discussion, and participatory training. This study did not have a control group and had a before and after study design. 6 weeks after the training program, the questionnaires were completed again by the subjects. Results: The age range of these employees was between 21 and 57 years and 85. 6% of them were married. The results of this study showed that the mean score of knowledge before the training was 11. 38 ±,3. 28 which consequently increased to 20. 92 ±,2. 42 after the education. The mean attitude score changed from 29. 48 ±,5. 43 to 30. 31 ±, 4. 79,In addition, the mean performance score increased from 12. 62 ±, 3. 31 to 17. 88±,2. 15. The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge P ,0. 001, attitude P = 0. 03 and performance P ,0. 001 before and after the education. Conclusion: Since there is a significant difference between the knowledge, attitude and performance scores of the Sirjan University of Medical Sciences’,staff before and after the education, the use of direct education method on the subject of food labels is recommended.

Background and Objective: One of the effective factors in improving the psychological state of students is positive thinking. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing positive thinking behavior based on the theory of planned behavior in students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 632 undergraduate students using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Pearson correlation, One-Way ANOVA, Independent samples t-test, linear regression). Results: The mean (±,standard deviation) of positive thinking was 20. 28 (±,3. 29). According to the results, 60% of students had high positive thinking, 28% had moderate positive thinking and 2% had weak positive thinking. Results of linear regression showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and positive thinking behavior were able to predict 26% of the variances for positive thinking scale, and constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting positive thinking (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Based on the results, the theory of planning behavior can be used as an appropriate theory for conducting educational and interventions programs in the field of positive thinking. Also, constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting students' positive thinking, and it is necessary to pay more attention to these issues in educational programs.

Background and Objective: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) with many complications cause stunted growth in children. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of storytelling in the prevention of parasitic-intestinal re-infection in primary school students in villages of Urmia. Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study that was performed on 400 primary school students in rural areas of Urmia in 2012. After performing fecal testing of all students and determining the needs of educational intervention, about the prevention of parasitic-intestinal re-infection was taught to the experimental group using storytelling method. Data were collected in two stages before and 6 months after the end of the educational intervention by a questionnaire using SPSS software, version 16 and Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed a significant reduction in re-infection with parasiticintestinal infections in the experimental group compared to the control group after educational intervention through storytelling. Also, the level of knowledge of the experimental group increased after the educational intervention compared to the control group. Chi-square test with p <0. 025 showed that there is a significant relationship between educational intervention through storytelling and reduction of IPI in students. Conclusion: Storytelling method is effective in reducing the risk of re-infection of IPI among students. Therefore, storytelling for students in the field of prevention against IPI is recommended.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-care training for family health ambassadors on the number of doctor appointment for the treatment of minor ailments. Materials and Methods: In this interventional study were surveyed 400 families. This study was performed in 2018-2019. The intervention group included families that had a health ambassador and the intervention was performed for health ambassadors. Data collection tool was a questionnaire designed by the Office of Education and Health Promotion of the Ministry of Health. Demographic information and the number of appointments to the doctor were also asked. According to the titles of the educational text and the family age groups, trainings were provided to health ambassadors once every 2 weeks for a year. Total of 24 training sessions were held by the health care providers of the selected health centers. The questionnaires were completed, one year after the intervention again. Results: Mean and standard deviation of test scores in the experimental group were upgraded before and after the intervention in the field of mothers and infants from 5 (±,2. 9) to 22 (±,7. 1), children from 5. 7 (±, 1 4. 1) to 19. 6 (±, 6. 6), adults and the elderly were from 2 (±, 1) to 9. 4 (±,2. 9) and adolescents from 2. 1 (±, 1. 80). Also, the number of appointments to the doctor due to minor illnesses decreased significantly in the intervention group during the year, so that from 888 appointments to the doctor by family members of trained health ambassadors before the intervention was reduced to 379 times after the intervention. (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Continuous self-care training along with following up and training family health ambassadors play an important role in increasing public awareness and reducing the number of unnecessary appointments to the doctor.

Background and Objective: The issue of health as an individual and social capital, considering its importance for the growth and prosperity of the individual and society, has long been considered by thinkers in various fields. The aim of this study was to identify the components of a healthy lifestyle with emphasis on adolescence. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The study population consisted of valid scientific documents related to healthy lifestyle that 47 articles (35 Persian articles and 12 Latin articles) related to the year 2000 were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method. To conduct research through the study of scientific articles related to healthy lifestyle, first the basic concepts were extracted and assigned to subcategories and subcategories to the main categories. The research tool included note-taking slips. Data analysis method was performed based on contractual (inductive) qualitative content analysis and in three stages, basic concepts, subcategories and main categories were extracted manually. Results: The results showed that healthy lifestyle categories include four main categories and 12 sub-categories including physical health (mobility, nutrition, proper sleep pattern, reduction of high-risk behaviors, health responsibility, accident prevention and Self-care). Mental health (stress management, self-fulfillment, positive thinking and mindfulness), social health (interpersonal relationships) and spiritual health (spiritual growth). The number of initial concepts was 62. Conclusion: It is hoped that by teaching these subcategories to adolescents, a healthy lifestyle can be created for them and thus help improve adolescents' health.

Background and Objective: Obesity is a metabolic and medical condition in which adipose tissue accumulates too much in the body. The main purpose of current study is “, evaluation of effectiveness of integration of eating awareness training and implementation intention model on body mass index, waist circumference, mindfulness eating, and physical activity in obese women. ”,Materials and Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest, post-test and follow-up test design, and comparing them with a control group. The population of this study were obese women with a BMI higher or equal to 25 in Karaj in 1398. Forty-one subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups according to the inclusion criteria and targeted sampling. Weight with digital scales, waist with meter tape, mindful eating questionnaire and physical activity with checklist, were assessed. MB_EAT was held during 12 sessions of 150 minutes each session and with the implementation intention model, daily planning for physical activity was done. Data were analyzed by mixed analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Loon, Mohali sphericity, with significance level of P<0/001. Finally, 35 people were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the integration of implementation intention and mindfulness-based eating awareness training reduces the mean BMI in the post-test (71. 57±,0. 6) and follow-up (69. 78 ±,0. 97) compared to the pre-test (77. 00 ±,1. 05) and eat mindfulness eating in the post-test (53. 52 ±,0. 80) and follow up (53. 21 ±,0. 67) and increase the average physical activity in the post-test (24. 06 ±,2. 84) and follow up (23. 65 ±,2. 52) compared to the pre-test (28. 91 ±,3. 18). (P=0. 001). Conclusion: The result of integration of MB_EAT and implementation intention model was to increase people's ability to self-regulate and be aware of the body sensations and emotional symptoms of eating and doing physical activity on a daily basis, which eventually led to weight loss.