JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH SCIENCES
Year:2013 | Volume:2 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics and factors related to self-harm in adolescents with delinquency and history of mood disorders.Method: In a qualitative study (phenomenologic design), using semi-structured interview, the description of self-harm by 16 adolescents with history of self-harm in outpatient and custody setting were recorded.Participants were selected using purpose-oriented sampling. Texts were analyzed by Colaizzi's method.Results: Semantic part of interviews was classified in 144 conceptual codes. This theme was explored to definition of self-harm, escape and soothing, expressing love or power, self-harm by rejection, self-harm for threatening and attention seeking, disability in tolerating negative emotions, family factors, modeling, and alcohol drinking. Then, the classified in three clusters as meaning of self-harm, types of self-harm, and causes of self-harm.Conclusion: Adolescents consider self-harm as a way of escaping from negative emotions or a way for getting unseen rights. Conflict with parents and loss of friends have a role as trigger in self-harm.

Introduction: Renal transplantation is considered as the first and the most effective approach of alternative treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although receiving transplant can improve the quality of life, it may also cause new challenges and anxieties in recipients. To be adopted with new challenges, patients have to follow coping strategies. This study aimed to deeply understand the coping strategies used by those undergone renal transplantation to adopt with challenges emerged from that.Method: 11 in-depth semi-structured interviews were done to follow the aim of the study. The age of participants ranged between 18 and 57 years with mean average of 37 years. A purposive sampling was used to emerge statured data, codes and themes. Using content analysis inspired by Graneheim and Lundman, all interviews analyzed.Results: The analysis revealed ten subthemes that finally categories into four themes including: focus on spirituality, developing self-management and empowerment, improvement of self-reflective practice, and reality acceptance.Conclusion: Although it is not possible to say that each coping strategy is used in a specific time schedule, but it seems that in each step, patients are more likely to use a specific coping strategy.Therefore, if nurses and family members are aware of this process, they would be better perceiving the reasons behind renal transplant recipient behaviors. We suggest providing relevant education program for them. This consequently enables family members and care team to have an active role in supporting tranplant recipients.

Introduction: Sexual behavior and performance is not only influenced by biological factors but also, affected by sexual socialization. Family and society are two key institutions over this procedure. The aim of this study was exploring the married women’s perceptions of social structure related to sexuality in Iran.Method: This was a qualitative study with interpretive approach and conventional content analysis strategy. Purposive sampling was carried out of 5 health care centers of university affiliated centers and one health institute in Tehran and Shiraz. Data collection was performed through 17 in-depth interviews, and 14 sexual life narratives to reach to data saturation. Constant comparative method was used to analyze concurrently with the data collection.Results: Two main categories emerged as “parent’s conservation related to child’s sexuality issues” and “passive social support systems”. The main theme emerged study was “passive sexual socialization”.Conclusion: Findings indicate that there is an essential need for revising current paradigm about sexuality in Iran. Not only, the conservative and passive approach is not helpful for resolving difficulties surround this issue, but also, leads to greater vulnerabilities. Therefore, based on the social constructionism, in Iran, age-specific sexuality education and providing sexual health care in public health care system based on the Islamic ideology, social norms, and moral principles are suggested.

Introduction: Divorce is an unexpected change in marital life. This change affects physical and psychological health. Divorce is a complex phenomenon which can be conceptualized from different perspectives. Aim of the present study was to conceptualize divorce from Iranian women's perspectives.Method: A qualitative content analysis approach was employed. Using purposeful sampling, data collected from 26 women with divorce experience. In-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to gather information.Results: The findings suggest two main themes: "concept" and "process of experience". Each theme was divided into sub-themes as general vocabulary, especially lexical (experience), perceived conflict, versus belief experience, and traumatic.Conclusion: Concept of divorce is driven from social believes. Divorce affects health. In fact, divorce not only is a socio-cultural issue, but also, a social health determinant. Thus, any program in women health promotion needs to consider divorcee women's perspective. We came to conclusion that, several factors make the meaning of divorce. Furthermore, these components are subject to a separated woman' s perceived experiences, perceptions, social beliefs, and gender.

Introduction: In recent years, based on evidence from several communities, positive psychology researchers have constructed a new conceptualization called “post-traumatic growth”. Based on the theory of symbolic interaction, members of the society, especially family members, play an important role in meaning making of events, quality of life after the accident and its consequences, and whether they experience growth or not. The aim of the present study was decoding experiences of successful disabled people of causing factors (facilitator) or barriers of growth by qualitative method.Method: A qualitative design, based on the content analysis approach, was used to collect and analyze the experiences of 12 disabled people with national and international achievements. Participants were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection.The data were analyzed based on the Granheim content analysis approach.Results: The findings showed two main themes: 1) intelligent and noble family with 3 subcategories of initial acceptance and support, interaction with other groups and successful disabled people, and timely attraction and repulsion; 2) family as obstacle with 3 subcategories of pity and clumsy support, entertaining instead of being goal-oriented, and ignoring them.Conclusion: Attitudes and family functions have wanted and unwanted effects. They may act as facilitators or obstacles of growth. Understanding these factors based on experiences of disabled people could cause effective changes in the attitudes and beliefs of people.

Introduction: Clinical competency in psychiatric nursing education provides the foundation for the development of competency in nursing practice. There are different definitions of clinical competency, but there is no certain definition for it in psychiatric nursing. The purpose of this study was to explore the definition of and method of achieving clinical competency in psychiatric nursing students.Method: In this qualitative study semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants (5 undergraduate senior students in their last term, 2 MSc students in the psychiatric field, 4 faculty members of the Department of Psychiatric Nursing, 3 head nurses, and 2 nurses working in psychiatric wards). In addition, we used two focused group interviews with nursing students. All interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis method.Results: During data analysis, four main themes emerged; preparation and familiarization, confrontation, involvement, and competency.Conclusion: Undergraduate nursing students need to pass specific stages before attaining clinical competency as a mental health nurse. Each stage has specific factors that may help the students on their path.

Introduction: In order to achieve acceptable health indices and the general welfare, family planning is necessary in any society. The aim of this study was to identify the perspectives of health care providers about the unmet needs of family planning in health centers of Tehran and Shahroud in 2011.Method: The present study was a qualitative research including 27 of the staff and administrators of health centers recruited with purposive sampling. Data gathering was conducted by holding several individual discussions with staff from different centers of Shahroud and Tehran with different social, cultural, and economic status. Then all of the recorded speeches were written on paper and the main themes and sub-themes were extracted.Results: Themes extracted from the statements of the participants were organizational factors (such as integration of family health services with midwifery services, and lack of privacy), occupational pressure, and the excessive paperwork of the midwifery unit, which had reduced the quality of family planning services. Moreover, other obstacles cited included the participation of men, time limitations, misconceptions, and health center supervisors acting according to personal preferences.Conclusion: Overlooking social, cultural, and organizational issues may reduce the quality of family planning services.

Introduction: The quality of qualitative research is an important issue for clinicians and researchers that use research in order to deliver high quality care. Gaining quality in qualitative research, such as grounded theory, is not an accident and is achieved by abiding a set of circumstances. The aim of this study was to identify the most important criteria in assessing the quality of grounded theory studies.Method: This is a review study done by an extensive review of literature in the form of electronic and printed materials. This paper therefore, has reviewed 10 related books and 11 related papers.Results: The result of literature review showed that compliance to methodological principles of research is the key element in achieving quality in grounded theory studies. Paying attention to dynamic research process, theoretical sampling, theoretical sensitivity, constant comparison, theoretical saturation, methodological fitness, and linking research and body of knowledge are important factors in achieving quality in grounded theory.Conclusion: Quality in grounded theory is an important issue in qualitative research. Grounded theory researchers must have a thorough understanding of methods used in research. Moreover, they must try to improve the quality of grounded theory studies by considering ontological and epistemological assumptions.