Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2021 | Volume:31 | Issue:11|Papers Count:8

Background & Aims: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and are found in different tissues. These cells have capacity of self-renewal and differentiation into other lineages. Granulosa cells (GCs) are the multipotent stem cells. In the present research we evaluated the differentiation potential of GCs into keratinocytes. Material & Methods: GCs were cultured after enzymatic isolation from ovarian follicle. Then, keratinocyte inductive medium was added and expression of keratin10 and keratin14 were investigated with western blotting technique. Results: The results of the flow cytometric analysis of the isolated cells indicated the high expression of mesenchymal stem cell specific antigens (p < 0. 05). Also, the results of the western blotting showed the expression of creatine 10 and creatine 14 proteins in all groups except for negative control (p< 0. 05). Conclusion: Human granulosa cells have a very high ability to differentiate into keratinocytic cells, and with further research, it is possible to provide a suitable substrate for the use of human granulosa cells to treat severe skin lesions.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the direct effect of early maladaptive schemas and the direct effect of causal attribution styles on psychological Adjustment to cancer. Materials & Methods: The study type is structural equation (SEM) and was conducted on a sample of 400 women with cancer in Urmia using the Questionnaires of Young Schema (SF-YSQ), attributional Style (ASQ) and Adjustment to Cancer (Mini-Mac). PLS software was used for data analysis. Results: There is a significant direct relationship between the areas of early maladaptive schemas and causal attribution styles with the path coefficient of 0. 617 (P <001). Also, there is a significant direct relationship between the areas of early maladaptive schemas and psychological adaptation to cancer with a path coefficient of 0. 496, an indirect relationship with a path coefficient of 0. 079 and a total effect of 0. 575 (P <001). There is a significant direct relationship between causal attribution styles and psychological adaptation to cancer with a path coefficient of 0. 20 (P <001). In the Q 2 index, the value of Red CV obtained for the variable of causal attribution styles is equal to 0. 252 and the variable of psychological compatibility with cancer is equal to 0. 204. Conclusion: The exogenous variable of early maladaptive schema areas has a direct effect on the endogenous variable of causal attribution styles and a direct and indirect effect through the variable of causal attribution styles on the endogenous variable of psychological Adjustment to cancer. The endogenous variable of causal attribution styles also has a direct effect on the variable of psychological Adjustment to cancer. The general conclusion is that the model has the ability to predict and fit and is well made.

Background & Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of motor dual task on the electromyographic activity of lower limb and trunk muscles during gait in cerebral palsy (CP) and healthy subjects. Materials & Methods: 10 patients with CP and 10 healthy matched subjects participated in this study voluntarily. Using an EMG USB2+ system and bipolar electrodes, the electromiyographic activity of biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and erector spinea at L3 level (L3) was recorded during gait with and without motor dual task. The gathered signals were processed using OT Biolab software. SPSS 22 software and ANOVA with significance level of 0. 05 were used for statistical analysis. Results: Results showed that CP patients had greater normalized EMG of right and left L3 and left BF and RF muscle than control group. Motor dual task increased muscle activity in both groups (p=0. 001) and had the same effect on the EMG of both right and left sides of healthy subjects. However, in the CP patients, motor dual task resulted in a higher muscle activity on the left side than the right side (p=0. 01). Conclusion: Motor dual task increases EMG activity of RF, BF, and L3 muscle of CP patient's more than healthy subjects. This increase can be attributed to the greater attempt of these subjects to maintain body posture and dynamic balance. So, focus on the motor dual task can be recommended in evaluating and designing an appropriate exercise program for CP patients.

Background & Aims: Among the different fields of modern medical sciences, regenerative medicine has attracted the attention of many researchers and physicians. The development of this branch of medicine has increased hopes for the treatment of incurable diseases. As a new idea in regenerative medicine in interaction with tissue engineering and genetics, cell therapy has been able to snatch the lead in modern medical sciences and confirm the clinical use of several cell-based pharmaceutical products. Cell therapy aims to transplant healthy human cells to replace or repair damaged cells for therapeutic purposes. Hence, this study aims to introduce and review approved cell-based drugs that are currently used in therapy. Materials & Methods: This study is a non-systematic review in which all biological products with therapeutic approval worldwide were extracted and reported from relevant organizations' sites. Articles were also searched manually and electronically in PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Results: Since cell therapy products are related to products based on gene therapy and tissue engineering, all biological products with clinical use approval were collected and introduced from different countries. In total, the United States with 16 products, South Korea with 14 products, and the European Union with 8 products had the highest number of cell therapy products, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the novelty of this branch of medicine and the entry of cell therapy-based products into the consumer market, a rising trend in production and attention to the future of reconstructive medicine and cell therapy is predictable.

Background & Aims: Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils and extracts has been the basis of various scientific applications in food processing, pharmaceutics, and traditional medicine. Mentha aquatica is one of the most important species of the mint family and has a wide distribution in northern Iran. The objective of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial properties of extract and essential oil of M. Aquatica L. and the difference between them. Materials & Methods: In the present study, the total phenolic contents were measured with folin ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was assessed by DPPH and ABTS radicalsscavenging activity and compared to synthetic antioxidant BHT. Eventually, the antibacterial activity was assessed using the microdilution method. Results: The total phenolic content of extract and EO was 231. 10 and 23. 3 mg Gallic acid /g, respectively. In testing percent of inhibition of free radicals (DPPH and ABTS), the extract showed a significant inhibitory effect (p<0. 05), but there is a significant difference between ethanolic extract and EO. Both extracts also showed reducing effect which was relatively low performance compared to the BHT. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of EO against L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhimurium were 5. 12, 5. 12, 2. 5 and 2. 5 mg mL-1 , respectively and MBC also was 10, 10, 5. 12 and 5. 12 mg mL-1 , respectively. Conclusion: Based on our results the ethanolic extract did not show any antimicrobial effect. Nevertheless, it is possible to combine essential oil and extracts to achieve a compound with proper antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.

Background & Aims: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common painful oral mucosal conditions seen among patients. This study aimed to compare the vitamin B12 and folate intake in RAS-positive patients with the control group. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 184 patients who were referred to Taleghani Hospital (Urmia, Iran) participated in the study. Vitamin B12 and folate serum levels were measured using Vitamin B12 Assay Kit (Siemens Healthineers Active-B12 (AB12) assay offered on the Atellica® IM Analyzer and ADVIA Centaur® CP), then oral examination of patients were taken to rule out the prevalence of RAS between participants. The serum level of vitamin B12 and folate were compared between patients with RAS and control group. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS 20. 0 (Chicago, USA). Results: The study subjects had significantly lower daily intake of vitamin B12 (p < 0. 0001) as compared to the controls. No significant differences were observed with regard to folate intake between two groups (p = 0. 579). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that patients with RAS are more likely to have lower dietary intakes of vitamin B12 than the control group, but no difference was observed between two groups concerning the folate intake. These findings suggest that consuming sufficient amounts of Vitamin B12 may be a useful strategy to reduce the number and/or duration of RAS episodes.

Background & Aims: Increasing the angle of the valgus by making changes to the lower limbs can cause changes in the center of gravity of the body relative to the level of reliance and limit balance control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a corrective exercise course using an elastic band on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in young boys with genu valgum during running. Materials & Methods: The present study was a clinical trial. 24 male students with genu valgum (2030 years) were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Corrective exercises were performed for 8 weeks using an elastic band for the experimental group. Ground reaction forces were recorded by the Bertec force plate. For statistical analysis, SPSS V21 software and analysis of repeated measure ANOVA were used at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The results of the present study showed a decrease in the median frequency in the anteriorposterior direction of the experimental group during the post-test compared to the pre-test (p = 0. 025; d = 3. 921). Also, in the experimental group, the frequency band component showed a significant decrease in anterior-posterior direction during the post-test compared to pre-test (p = 0. 028; d = 3. 843). Conclusion: Due to the reduction in median frequency, it can be concluded that the corrective exercises used were able to reduce the incoming forces in the anterior-posterior direction. With the reduction of the frequency band during corrective exercises, the participation and activity of motor performance have also decreased.

Background & Aims: Distal radius is the most common site of fracture in the upper extremity. To assess the clinical controversy of the duration of the immobilization period, we conducted a prospective study. The aim of this study was to compare early rehabilitation (two weeks of short-arm cast immobilization) versus the mean regular period of immobilization of 6 weeks in patients with distal radius fractures (DRF). We hypothesize that 2 weeks of immobilization lead to better or same patient-reported outcomes compared with 6 weeks of immobilization and that this treatment does not lead to more complications. Materials & Method: In this prospective study, 84 patients with an isolated DRF were treated by reduction and percutaneous fixation. 43 patients were randomly assigned to the 2-week group and 41 patients were randomly assigned to the 6-week group. The types of fractures were the same in both groups. At 6 weeks and 12 weeks after surgery, Disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire, patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), and Mayo score were analyzed. Results: The 2-week group had significantly higher Mayo scores at 6 weeks. According to Mayo score questionnaire, the 2-week group reported significantly less pain and more functional outcome than the control group at the 6-week follow-up and no significant differences in grip strength and range of motion scores were found at 6 weeks. Although patients who were treated with 2 weeks of cast immobilization showed better results based on PRWE score and DASH score, the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between groups at 12-week follow-up based on the PRWE, DASH, and Mayo score. Conclusions: There is no difference between short-term immobility and long-term immobility. However, in the rapid onset of active movements, better results are seen in short-term evaluations. As a result, it can be said that performing active movements early in patients with DRF can be safe, as long as these movements do not cause complications and treatment failure.