Applied Psychology
Year:2022 | Volume:15 | Issue:4 (60)|Papers Count:11

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the personality traits, dependence types and high-risk behaviors of teen boys with normal and conduct disorders. Method: A post-event type descriptive study was conducted. The statistical population of this study included all male teens with conduct disorder. Among them 70 were selected by simple random selection in late 2020 (35 with normal conduct disorder from the training center of Qom and 35 normal teens). The questionnaire was done through the 60-item Short Form Revised NEO Personality Inventory Traits Questionnaire (NEO-FFI), the 18-article Adult Attachment Scale by Collins & Read (1990), and the 11-Question High-Risk Behavior Questionnaire by Shojaei Baghini (2008). They were analyzed using variance of multivariate analysis test and T2 test, performed by version 24 of SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the sources using multivariate analysis of variance statistical technology show that 5 components of personality traits in normal and normal conduct teens are different from each other. At least in the component of insecure attachment there is a significant difference between the two groups. Also, the results of desired t-test analysis showed that under the assumption of equality of variance in the two groups, teens with normal and conduct disorder in high-risk behavioral variables, have significant difference with each other. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in people with conduct disorder problems and criminals in order to help them decrease their high-risk behaviors.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the structural pattern of perceived pain based on brain/ behavioral systems and social support mediated by distress tolerance. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of the present study included all migraine patients referred to Bouali Hospital and two neurology clinics in Tehran in 2020, from which 374 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Research tools include Behavioral Inhibition/ Activation Systems Scales by Carver & White (1994); Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1988); Distress Tolerance Scale by Simons, & Gaher (2005) and Chronic Pain Questionnaire by Mohammadian (1995). The data of the present study were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Amos software. Results: The results indicated that the structural model of the research fit with the collected data. Indirect path coefficient between behavioral activation system and perceived pain was negative (P=0. 001, β =-0. 109). The indirect path coefficient between perceived social support and perceived pain was negative (P=0. 001, β =0. 145). Conclusion: It seems that perceived social support and behavioral activation system motivate the individual to endure pain-related distress in order to reduce it. Based on the results of the present study, interventions that modulate the manifestations of brain/ behavioral systems and provide support groups to provide social support to patients with migraine pain are suggested.

Aim: Present study was conducted to predict positive mental health and posttraumatic growth in nurses of coronavirus care unit based on optimism, by considering the mediating role of resilience and cognitive emotion regulation. Method: Research method is structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population includes all nurses in Isfahan who worked in coronarvirus care hospitals; 230 of them were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments include the revised Life Orientation Questionnaire (Scheier and Carver, 2015), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski et al., 2006), resilience (Schumacher et al., 2005), post-traumatic growth and development (Tedeschi, 1996) and positive mental health (Lakut et al., 2016). SPSS version 23 and Amos version 23 were used to analyze the data. Results: results showed that optimism was both directly and indirectly through cognitive emotion regulation strategy and resilience has a positive effect on post-traumatic growth (β = 0. 408, P <0. 01) and positive mental health (381/38). 0 = β , P <0. 01). Conclusion: findings of research in addition to practical and theoretical implications, can be used as a useful model to provide useful services to nurses to provide growth and development after truama and promote mental health.

Aim: Determining the mediating role of social adequacy in relationship between creative thinking and emotional intelligence with religious orientation. Method: The research method was correlation and the statistical population of 1187 female vocational students in the 4th district of Tehran (2015-16). According to Klein (2016) and considering the probability of decline, 240 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling. Out of 10 public high schools, Absal, Sedigheh Roudbari, Imam MohammadBaqer and Bint Al-Huda Sadr, and then 2 classes from each high school in 2 fields of experimental sciences and mathematics were randomly selected. The research instrument were Parandin Social adequacy Questionnaire (2006), Abedi Creative Thinking (1984), Bar-on Emotional Intelligence (1980) and Allport and Ross Religious Orientation (1967). After removing 20 incomplete questionnaires, the data of 220 people were analyzed using path analysis. Results: The results showed that creative thinking, emotional intelligence and social adequacy can predict internal and external religious orientation negatively and positively (P = 0. 001), respectively. Indirect path coefficient of creative thinking and emotional intelligence with internal religious orientation in the negative (β =-0. 104, P = 0. 001) and (β =-0. 226, P = 0. 001) and with external religious orientation is significant positively (β = 0. 054, P= 0. 006) and (β = 0. 117, P = 0. 006) through social adequacy mediation. Conclusion: By cultivating and strengthening the independent variables of research, students can lead to an internal religious orientation.

Aim: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder that has attracted the attention of many mental health professionals due to its high prevalence and health costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of electrical cranial stimulation, combining cranial electrical stimulation with drug therapy and cranial electrical stimulation with cognitive-behavioral therapy on rumination, emotions, and depressive symptoms in women. Method: In the form of a quasiexperimental design of pre-test-post-test-follow-up with a control group among all women with depression referred to counseling and psychotherapy clinics in Alborz province, 60 eligible people entered the study and were randomly divided into six groups. Data were collected using Beck Depression Inventory (1961) and Ruminative Response Scale by Nolen-Hoeksema et al. (1989) and then they were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed cranial electrical stimulation, drug therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as the combination of cranial electrical stimulation with drug therapy and the combination of cranial electrical stimulation with cognitive-behavioral therapy had a reducing effect on rumination (P=0. 001). Cranial electrical stimulation, drug therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy as well as the combination of cranial electrical stimulation with drug therapy and the combination of cranial electrical stimulation with cognitive-behavioral therapy had a reducing effect on depressive symptoms (P=0. 001). Conclusion: It is suggested that cranial electrical stimulation be used as a complementary method along with drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has made fundamental changes in the human world at the levels of relationships, jobs, education, and health issues. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the components of basic psychological coping in people with Covid-19 disease. Method: The participants of this study were selected from the list of names of Ardabil Health Network in a purposeful manner. The time of approval of the research was 1399 and the date of its completion was 1400. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. Therefore, 20 patients who were hospitalized at home were asked through semi-structured interviews and data analysis process continued until reaching the theoretical saturation point. In this study, 123 codes related to research objectives were identified using open coding method. Results: The results of the analysis showed three main issues and thirteen primary classes. The main subject of symptoms includes physical, psychological and social classes. The main subject of coping skills includes the first classes of entertainment, nutrition, spiritual, psychological, medical, social resources and despair. The main subject of consequences includes the first classes of life, the first class of concerns and the first class of relationships. Conclusion: Thus, people with Covid-19 disease, use all kinds of problem-focused to emotion-focused coping strategies and all of their resources even negative coping ways to cope and to survive. Therefore, body and mind coherently tries to ensure the survival of the person.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of career training based on vocational personality theory and career construction theory on children's career adaptability from the life design perspective. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with the follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study was all primary school boys aged 13-10 years in the academic year of 2017-18 in Esfahan city among them 72 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into 3 groups of 24 individuals in the career intervention group based on job personality theory, career construction theory, and control group. The children in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 45 minutes, but the control group received no intervention. Participants responded to career adaptability scale-short form (Maggiori, Rossier, Svickas, 2015) in 3 stages. Research data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that career counseling based on construction theory more effectively increases the career adaptability and the components of concern, control, and curiosity in male students while career counseling based on personality theory has only had a significant effect on the overall score of career path adaptation. Conclusion: According to the results, career construction counseling based on construction theory and counseling based on job personality theory can be used to design life patterns and adaptability of children's career trajectories.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online dialectical behavior therapy on the emotion regulation difficulties, guilt feeling, and dissociative symptoms in depressed people. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of this study included all people with major depression who were referred to Garmsar health centers in the spring of 2021, among them, 30 people were selected by two random stages sampling method and by homogenizing age, marriage, and education were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, two groups. Participants for pretest, post-test, and follow-up to the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004) (DERS); Guilt Inventory (Kugler & Jones, 1992) (GI), and Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) (DES). After 8 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy for the experimental group, the research data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective on the emotion regulation difficulties, guilt feeling, and dissociative symptoms in depressed people (P<0. 01), and its effect lasted over time (P<0. 01). Conclusions: Based on the results, the use of dialectical behavior therapy in the treatment of major depression and its manifestations, including emotion regulation difficulty, guilt, and dissociative symptoms in counseling and psychotherapy centers can be effective.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to predict the marital relation quality based on personality factors, Glasser's basic needs and self-acceptance among couples in Isfahan. Method: This research was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included the available couples from 20 to 50 years old in Isfahan who were married at least more than two years in 1396. The sample consisted of 615 available couples who were selected in different urban areas. In this research the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Glasser's Basic Needs Questionnaire, Self Acceptance Questionnaire and the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) were used for collecting data. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson Corolation and stepwise regression. Results: The results showed neurotisism, openness to experience, need to freedom, need to power have negative and significant corolation. With marital relation quality and extra version, agreeableness, Conscientiousness, self-acceptance, love and belongness, survival and leisure have positive and significant corolation with marital relation quality. The stepwise results showed the all of predicting variables can predict marital relations quality. As regard to results it can be said the changes in predicting variables are associated marital relations quality. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that personality factors, Glasser's basic needs and self-acceptance can predict the quality of marital relationship.

Aim: Executive functions, as a set of cognitive abilities, enable us to manage our behaviors. Typical development of executive functions is crucial for adulthood health, wealth, and academic achievement. The aim of this study was to design and validate some executive function tests in a sample of Iranian children. Method: In the present study, in a cross-sectional design, 1676 students, aged from 6 to15 years old, were participated in 9 different studies with different executive functions tests: Trial Making Test (TMT), Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Token Test (TT), Design Fluency Test (DFT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test (ST), Tower of Hanoi Test (TOHT), and Visual Span Test (VST). Repeated measure ANOVA was used to evaluate discriminative validity between different age groups. Results: Findings described significant discriminative validity for TMT (p<0. 05), DFT (p<0. 05), RCFT (P<0. 01), TT (P<0. 01), VST (P<0. 01), WCST (P<0. 01), ST (P<0. 01), and TOHT (P<0. 01). Conclusion: The executive functions tests are valid to study typical developmental. These tests are proposed to use in clinical setting to monitor the developmental disorders and/or respective interventions.