JOURNAL OF MILITARY MEDICINE
Year:2021 | Volume:23 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Background and Aim: Psychological empowerment is a new approach to intrinsic motivation in order to create opportunities for the flourishing of talent, ability and competence of employees and managers. This study was conducted to assess the psychological empowerment of managers and its dimensions in the selected military unit. Methods: This applied research was conducted by the descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of managers in the military unit was selected by the census method. Data collection was based on the standard psychological questionnaire of Spritzer and Mishra. This questionnaire includes the areas of competency, choice, effectiveness and trust. Mean (standard deviation) was used to describe quantitative variables. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate the quantitative variables. Results: 219 people participated in this study. The mean score was 61. 23 ± 8. 50. Based on the cut-off point, the important finding of the study was that 62. 7% of managers were in good condition and 1. 8% were poor. The highest score was in the master's group. The mean score showed a significant difference in terms of education and age. Managers scored the highest and lowest scores in competency (13. 80 ± 1. 80) and trust (10. 90 ± 2. 50), respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the level of empowerment of managers in the selected military unit is good but far from excellent. Therefore, in the staff monitoring plan, it is necessary to measure the level of psychological empowerment of their managers at least every three years and compare the trend of these variables and based on the level of education and age through culture, holding workshops, material and spiritual encouragement, program optimization. The necessary conditions for the promotion of a meaningful dimension and trust in managers should be planned. Also, in appointing managers, attention should be paid to their level of education and experience appropriate to their age.

Background and Aim: Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) is an approach to preserve the oral health through proper integration of scientific evidence and oral and medical conditions of the patient, clinical skills of the dentist, and the priorities of the patient. This research was conducted to study the Evaluation of Evidence-Based Dental Care (EBD) that was performed at Shahid Shokri Dental Center. Methods: This study was an applied research and a descriptive-analytical one which was done by the crosssectional method in 2019. The statistical populations were consisted of all dentists working in Shahid Shokri Dental Center and selected by simple sampling method. Data collection was done through library study and field observation by a researcher-made questionnaire and EBD tool. Data analysis was performed using Spss software, statistical analysis methods and Pearson correlation test. Results: The mean score of dentists' knowledge about EBD was 34. 27 ± 0. 685; attitude score was 32. 73 ± 0. 641 and clinical evidence resource access score was 33. 57 ± 0. 638. There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of dentists and their field of study and history. There was a significant relationship between attitude level with age and field of study. In the area of dentists 'access to clinical evidence sources, there was a significant relationship between access level with age and field of study. Dentists' use of guides in selected sections had a medium to high spectrum, which was evaluated as good by dentists in prosthetics. Clinical guides (guidelines) for the ward, endo, orthodontic and restoration ward were updated. Conclusion: The status of EBD care at Shahid Shokri Dental Center and the details of this skill were assessed based on its average components. There was no negative attitude, but there was a need to strengthen, hospitalize and create the right conditions for EBD dentists. It is recommended to conduct comprehensive training courses, discourse building, system design, and EBD-based assessment mechanisms and update the guidelines at Shahid Shokri Dental Center.

Background and Aim: The spiritual education of students, by professors in the position of mentors, requires spiritual empowerment and deepening of spirituality in the university environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a spiritual empowerment program on the spiritual mentoring competence of soft war officers. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 2020 on 98 army commanders in Tehran. Commanders were selected based on inclusion criteria by available sampling method and divided into two groups of control and test by random group assignment. After obtaining informed written consent, completing the demographic form and occupational spiritual health questionnaire, the intervention was performed for the experimental group during the distance education program with a multimedia method based on the sound heart model with the aim of gaining trust, increasing knowledge about spiritual health, development of communication with God, self, people and the natural world, and motivation. The intervention was performed by donating educational software and following the trainings in the virtual network for 15 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. After four months (at the end of the intervention time), the questionnaire was completed again by both groups. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistical methods (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test) were used to analyze the data. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean and standard deviation of the occupational spiritual health of the two groups before the intervention (254. 54 82 ± 13. 82 in the control group and 257. 59 ± 11. 0 in the intervention group). After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of this index in the intervention group (P <0. 001) by 106 units to 363. 12 ± 68. 51. The correlation coefficient (r) between occupational spiritual health and Allison spiritual health was 0. 76 and the value was P <0. 001. Conclusion: Due to the necessity of deepening spirituality in military-training centers and the effect of the spiritual empowerment program on the competence of spiritual mentoring of commanders, the use of this educational software is recommended.

Background and Aim: Delayed-onset muscle soreness after eccentric resistance exercise, which is usually part of military training, maybe due to damage to muscle structure. Nutrition can play a critical role in muscle damage by playing a vital role in both protein synthesis and catabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of four weeks of separate and concomitant leucine and taurine supplementation on delayed muscle soreness indices and muscle pain perception rate after eccentric resistance exercise in young non-trained men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 48 non-trained young men were randomly divided into four groups of taurine + leucine supplement (2 g of taurine and 0. 1 g of leucine per kg of body weight per day), taurine supplement (2 g taurine per day), leucine supplement (0. 1 g leucine per kg body weight per day) and placebo (1500 mg maltodextrin per day) and took supplement and placebo for four weeks. Delayed onset muscle soreness in lower body muscles developed using knee flexion with a weight equivalent to 70% of 1RM (3 sets and 15 repetitions). Serum creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes were measured by photometry and muscle pain perception rate was measured using the Pain Assessment scale (PAS) at the time before, immediately after, 24, 48 and 72 hours after eccentric resistance training. Results: Comparison of changes in creatinine kinase activity and muscle pain perception rate showed a significant difference in different stages before and after eccentric resistance exercise (P<0. 05). These changes were significant in the leucine + taurine group in the pre-test times up to 24 hours and 48 hours post-test compared to the leucine, taurine and placebo groups (P <0. 05). Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity between groups were not significant at different times. Conclusion: Concomitant use of leucine and taurine supplements can reduce some of the indicators of muscle damage and muscle pain perception rate after eccentric resistance exercise.

Background and Aim: Military Nursing trains nurses in peacetime and provides relief in crises and natural disasters. However, this readiness must always be present in military nurses who are able to be effective on the battlefield in the event of war to save their lives, the wounded and others present. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the concept of military nurses' readiness for war. Methods: In this study, Rogers evolutionary approach was used to clarify the concept of military nurses' readiness for war. For this purpose, Web of Sciences, Science direct Proquest, Magiran Iran Medex, SID, Pubmed, Scopus databases were searched using the keywords military nurse, readiness, war and its English equivalents that find 536 articles. Finally, after reviewing the articles, 12 articles were selected for the study. Results: In this study, the characteristics of the concept of military nurses' readiness for war in the dimensions of psychological readiness, clinical readiness and managerial readiness were identified. Priorities included a variety of training, sufficient experience, specialized courses, orientation sessions and military camps, and consequences such as saving the lives of the wounded, better advancing the healing process, allocating resources and facilities, adapting to the conditions of war and teamwork. Conclusion: The findings of the study identified the concept of military nurses' readiness for war and showed that this concept has a complex, permanent, diverse and dynamic nature and military nurses play an important role in providing care to the wounded, including providing quality care on the battlefield. Plays loss reduction. Knowing the characteristics, antecedents and consequences of the concept of military nurses' readiness for war, promotes the position, importance and application of this concept in the military nursing profession and is an exploratory tool for further study and research and expand the body of knowledge in this field.

Background and Aim: Front-line medical teams are experiencing unprecedented stressors as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of these pressures, teamwork has become both more important and more challenging. During the crisis, people trying to work together who may not have done so under ‘ normal’ conditions. Therefore, this study will be conducted to investigate the attitudes and barriers to teamwork from the perspective of intensive care unit nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study from October 2020 to January 2021, 97 nurses working in intensive care units were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire to assess the attitude towards teamwork and assessment of barriers to teamwork, which was completed by the participants after validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test in SPSS software version 25. Results: The mean score of nurses' attitude to teamwork was 127. 82 ± 10. 4. The amount of barriers in the workplace for optimal teamwork was reported by 54 (55. 67%) high, 32 (32. 3%) low and 11 (11. 34%) unimpeded. Most barriers to teamwork were reported with nursing managers, organization managers, consulting physicians and therapists and the least barriers were reported with radiology staff and nurses. Conclusion: The performance of nursing managers and the weakness of intra-group relationships are the most important barriers to teamwork in the pandemic situation. In order to provide quality teamwork in the pandemic situation, job descriptions and plans should be provided by the managers of the organization and nurses should receive adequate training in this field.

Background and Aim: Dispositional Resiliency is an important area of military-related research. Due to the importance of resilience, the development of appropriate tools for evaluating and measuring it has been considered by researchers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Dispositional Resiliency Scale. Methods: This study is descriptive and psychometric research. The statistical population of this study was one of the military units based in Tehran. From this population, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 310 people were selected by the available sampling method. The instruments used were the 15-item Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42), and the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale (GJSS). The factor structure of the questionnaire was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Also, divergent validity was assessed with the DASS-42 questionnaire, and convergent validity was assessed with the job satisfaction questionnaire and in order to determine the reliability, test-retest methods and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. The collected data were analyzed using version 25 of SPSS software, version 22 of AMOS software. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis determined hierarchical model that three first-order factors (commitment, control and challenge) are explained by a higher-order factor (χ 2/df = 1. 21, GFI = 0. 95, CFI = 0. 99, SRMR = 0. 02, TLI = 0. 99, RMSEA = 0. 02). The correlation of the total score of DRS-15 with depression (-0. 42), anxiety (-0. 37), stress (-0. 37), and job satisfaction (0. 37) was significant (P < 0. 01). Also, the internal consistency of the factors assessed by Cronbach's alpha method was from 0. 87 to 0. 88, and the test-retest reliability after a 4-week interval was confirmed (commitment: r = 0. 78; control: r = 0. 88; challenge: r = 0. 75; hardiness: r = 0. 82, P <. 001). Conclusion: Based on the present study results, the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) is a suitable tool with good psychometric properties to measure Hardiness.

Background and Aim: One of the challenges of the Corona crisis is the economic problems that have hit the world economy and education. Among these, the role of the entrepreneurial university in the knowledge-based economy as an important driver of knowledge production, transfer and distribution is important. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of entrepreneurial university indicators in a military medical university in the corona crisis. Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population was all faculty members of the University of Medical Sciences. 132 sample sizes were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection tool was Gibb standard questionnaire. The data analysis was performed a descriptive and inferential statistical test using SPSS software version 19. Results: The finding showed that the situation of the studied university based on 9 indicators of the entrepreneurial university was a relatively favorable situation, this included:-the components of the vision, mission, and strategy of the university-university governance and administration-multidisciplinary discipline, influence, graduates, knowledge transfer, growth center, risk financing In all university-derived companies, internationalization and the component of entrepreneurship education and investment in the studied university. It had an unfavorable situation in two indicators, including the component of organizational structure and plan and-stakeholder management and community values. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, stakeholder management and community values and entrepreneurial education and investment had the greatest impact on the development of the University of Medical Sciences towards an entrepreneurial university. So to deal with the economic effects of the Corona crisis, it is recommended that the officials and managers of the University provide a suitable platform for fostering creativity and entrepreneurship in response to economic needs of the University.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this research was to determine and compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the military and non-military personnel and its relationship with lifestyle to design appropriate interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease. Methods: A total of 272 males employed in Ilam province participated in this cross-sectional (descriptive) study after submitting a written consent by completing a valid and reliable questionnaire. Body mass index, abdominal circumference, blood pressure and biochemical parameters (including HDL, triglycerides, and blood sugar) were also measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS22 software and proper descriptive and statistical tests. Results: The mean age of participants was 42. 8 ± 5. 18 and 56. 99% were overweight or obese. Low consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish were the risk factors in their lifestyle. Regarding the measurement of biochemical parameters, all participants had triglycerides above 150 mg/dL and 66. 54% had HDL less than 40 mg/dL. According to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, 41. 17% of personnel had three to five risk factors and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among military personnel (13. 49%) was lower than other occupations. Conclusion: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is high among participants in the study. There was a significant relationship between lifestyle and the prevalence of the syndrome. The active lifestyle of military personnel seems to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in them. Therefore, educational intervention is recommended with emphasis on healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Background and Aim: Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 disease around the world, determining the risk of disease in the workplace is one of the essential factors to improve management of this infectious disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the risk of COVID-19 disease in high-risk personnel of the police forces using rapid risk analysis technique. Methods: This study was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted in Winter 2021 in Tehran. Participants were 474 police officers randomly selected from three different sub-groups including »P« police, »R« police and »A« police (shown as « ر«, » پ» and « آ» in Farsi manuscript, respectively). A rapid risk analysis technique was used to collect data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the mentioned technique, which includes three components of disease probability, severity (consequence), and level of health belief. Adjustments and responses were scored based on the Likert scale. Then, the scores obtained from estimating the three components were multiplied and the result represented the final risk index for COVID-19. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and using the mentioned technique. In this study, Analysis of Variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with a significance level of 0. 05 was used. Results: The risk index score of more than 95% of »P« police officers and more than 88% of »R« police officers and more than 93% of »A« police officers were above 40(unacceptable). The minimum (4. 86) and maximum (890. 62) risk index was related to »R« police. Based on univariate analysis of variance, there was no significant difference between the risk of COVID-19 disease in the three occupational groups (F=0. 13 and pvalue= 0. 87). Comparing the level of three components effective in estimating the risk index, there was no significant difference between the components of the level of disease probability and level of health belief in the three occupational groups, however, there was a significant difference in the level of severity (consequence) component of all three groups. In addition, 47. 2% »P« police, 45. 7% »R« police, and 35. 5% »A« police group were suspected to be sick. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, all three occupational groups were at risk for COVID-19 disease. Therefore, in order to control the COVID-19 epidemic, employers must implement infection control strategies based on accurate and technical assessment of the risk of disease in order to prevent the occurrence of disease and consequently reduce lost working days by performing appropriate, timely, and low-cost control activities.