JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH SCIENCES
Year:2012 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: The epidemic of HIV infection is a serious health problem with major effects on people’s lives. It is essential to comprehend the lived experience of life with HIV. Therefore, the present research was conducted for a better understanding of the meaning and nature of life with this phenomenon.Method: This qualitative study was conducted using an interpretative, phenomenological approach.19 HIV-infected patients were coosen by purposive sampling method. Audio-taped, indepth, and semi-structured interviews and field notes were used for data collection. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by using the hermeneutic approach developed by Diekelmann.Results: According to the findings, the 19 participants were between 21-56 years of age; in 47.4% CD4 count was under or equal to 200 cells/mm3 and the others were in an earlier phase of HIV infection. The main themes were beliefs and time, other HIV patients, inconsistencies in coping, and fighting and struggling.Conclusion: People with HIV/AIDS diagnosis face many challenges in different aspects of their lives. Some can not cope with their new situation effectively and may be threatening to both their own and others people’s lives. Understanding these patients' experiences and explaining the positive experinces to other patients, and giving them support and guidance is suggested to care givers.

Introduction: Health care systems in rural areas face numerous challenges in meeting the community's needs. However, adequate attention has not been paid to this problem. The aim of this study was to describe the social determinants of the health care process in the rural society of Iran.Method: This was a qualitative study, in which the content analysis method was used.21 rural health care providers were selected according to purposive sampling. The data were collected via semi-structured individual interviews and a small focus group discussion. The data were then analyzed by using qualitative content analysis based on methods described by Granheme and Landman.Results: Data analysis eventually led to formation of one category entitled social determinants of caring process in rural society. These social determinants of caring process include subcategories such as economic situation, cultural variety, literacy level, value priorities and beliefs of people, governmental policies, quality of interactions and confidentiality, quality of accessibility, and native health workers.Conclusion: Social determinants of the caring process in rural society usually affect health care use by people. Therefore, attention to these social determinants of health care process is very important in designing of new promotional models of the health care process.

Introduction: The quality of care in comatose patients is the most significant criteria for evaluation of nursing care quality. This is due to the fact that caring for these patients is long and very burdensome. This criterion is achieved by transferring of experience from experienced nurses to novice nurses. The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experience of caregivers of comatose patients.Method: van Manen’s conception of hermeneutic phenomenology with purposeful sampling of nurses of teaching hospitals was used in Tehran in 2011. The data were collected through 8 interviews. The gathered data were analyzed in order to explain this lived experience.Results: The participants were 5 males and 3 females and were working in critical care units for 6-23 years.15 essential subthemes were elicited, and were classified into 4 themes. The meaning of caring for comatose patients was explained by the subthemes and themes achieved.Conclusion: The findings of the current study will give nurses a greater knowledge on caring for comatose patients, give greater insight into the issues being faced by the caregiver, lead to a better understanding of the needs of these patients, improve the relationship with the patients, and ultimately help improve the nursing practice.

Introduction: The TB control program in the world has encountered serious problems because of weakness in case detection, inadequate and improper treatment, drug resistance and the emerging and concurrent epidemic of HIV. Therefore, this qualitative study was conducted in order to gain a deep and better understanding of the problems and to suggest initiatives to improve the situation.Method: A qualitative content analysis study was carried out by semi-structured interviews with key informants of the tuberculosis control program in Iran. Participants were selected by purposeful sampling. The trustworthiness of the study was confirmed by the four criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability. Data analysis was performed using framework analysis and the main themes and subthemes were identified.Results: Twenty four subthemes and six themes were identified as followings: 1) strategies and policies, 2) characteristics of human resources, 3) quality and quantity of resources, 4) the basis of the methods, 5) coordination and communication and 6) general public participation and social support.Conclusion: Different factors have led to the weakness of the program. In order to improve the current situation and alleviate the problem, it is necessary to improve the processes of diagnosis and treatment, TB reporting system, physician compliance to the National protocol of tuberculosis control, public education, recruitment of TB coordinator physicians, the practice of TB diagnosis laboratory staff and other diagnostic and treatment facilities.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to elicit the salient beliefs relevant to OCs among withdrawal user for development of a belief- based questionnaire.Method: This was a qualitative study. A sample of women attending a health care center in Tehran, Iran was entered into the study. Face-to face interviews were conducted to collect data. Content analysis was performed to analyze the data.Results: In this study determined TPB constructs including indirect attitude (behavioral beliefs, outcome evaluations), indirect subjective norms (normative beliefs, motivation to comply), indirect perceived behavior control and behavioral intention. The attitude scale had 10 items; five items on beliefs about the outcome of using OCs and 5 items on evaluation of a given belief. The subjective norms scale included 10 items; 5 items on beliefs about the expectation of significant others and 5 items that measured motivation to comply with significant others’ expectations. The perceived behavioral control scale was comprised of 4 items. The present study measured this variable with two items.Conclusion: In this elicitation study we found that belief about Oral contraceptives. It seems that health providers should address beliefs that exist about OC and highlight the noncontraceptive health benefits of OC to balance the information provided for women.

Introduction: Quality in health care has various aspects, definitions, and interpretations.According to diverse definitions of nursing care quality in different cultures, this study explored the meaning of nursing care quality from the stakeholders’ point of view.Method: This study employed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to depict the lived experiences of nurses, doctors, and patients and their relatives about nursing care quality. Data was collected through deep individual interviews and observasions. The collected data was then analyzed using Diekelmann’s seven-stage method.Results: We performed individual interviews with six doctors, 10 nurses, and 22 patients.Moreover, 20 patient relatives were interviewed in a focus group. The first stage of data analysis revealed 2312 initial codes. The ongoing process of analysis, comparison, and reductions resulted in a final number of five themes and 22 subthemes. Doctors, nurses, and patients and their relatives defined the concept of nursing care quality as “meeting the needs of patients through purposeful care and appropriate relationships, support, mutual respect, responsibility, and accountability”.Conclusion: Nursing managers must identify strategies to support and provide better nursing care which reflects purposeful care, nursing responsibility, appropriate relationships, and patient respect and support for all clients. These findings may also be used by nursing educators to improve nursing curricula.

Introduction: Any shortcoming and deficiency in training has direct impacts on clinical knowledge and skills of nurses. Such impacts will eventually affect community health. The purpose of the present study was to explore nursing instructors’ perceptions about challenges of effective education in Iranian nursing.Method: A qualitative content analysis approach; in-depth Semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling were conducted in 2011 with 15 participants to better understand their perceptions of the effectiveness education In Ahvaz and Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Results: The data analysis resulted in three main themes achieved: ‘Non-care-centered education, inadequate technical competence ‘Evaluation not conducted, were considered as important challenges of in effectiveness education in Iranian nursing.Conclusion: The findings can be helpful for international nurse instructors and educational planners to be exposed to the unheard perspectives of nursing faculties and reconsider the weakness of effective education in nursing planning and evaluation process conducted by them.We suggested that educational goals in nursing are designed base on “care”. If the weaknesses have improved, it can lead to achieve technical competency of nurses and community health will promote.

Introduction: Gradual and inevitable deterioration of mind and self causes wide ranges of somatic, emotional, and financial needs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Nurses have a main role in preparing a suitable environment and care for patients. The aim of this research was to understand caring experience and perspective of staff in nursing homes.Method: In a qualitative study, 10 female and three male caregivers in Iranian nursing homes were selected based on purposeful sampling. The subjects were interviewed and data was analyzed using content analysis method. After data immersion, interview texts were transcribed verbatim and initial codes were extracted. These initial codes were re-evaluated and categorized.Results: Nearly 850 initial codes were extracted and categorized as three main themes of aspects, bases, and characteristics of care. In addition, 17 sub-themes were identified.Conclusion: Caring for patients’ with Alzheimer’s disease consists of physical routines. Other aspects of care receive limited attention and are provided unprofessionally, based on common sense and personal experience. Employing and continuous education of trained staff in assessment and caring of patients with Alzheimer’s disease can improve the environment of nursing homes, the quality of the provided care, and patients’ quality of life.