JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to identify the consequences of the alienation of implementers from tax policies. Methods: The research population consisted of tax auditors of the General Directorate of Tax Affairs of Qom province and the sample was selected through the purposeful sampling of the theoretical type. This research was basic in terms of purpose and data collection, it was descriptive. The data collection tool was an interview and the analysis of the data from the interview was done using the thematic analysis technique. Data analysis led to the formation of 14 sub-themes and 3 main themes. Results: The results of the data showed that the failure to implement tax policies, the inefficiencies of the Tax administration in achieving organizational goals and formation of Inefficient organizational outcomes are consequences of alienation of implementers from tax policies in Iran Conclusion: Few studies have been conducted on public policy alienation. These studies have identified a few consequences. Nevertheless, other consequences have not been seen. This study identified other consequences of this phenomenon, such as implementers indifference with policies, organizational silence, deviant behaviors, burn-out, decreased mental health, etc. and categorized these into three main themes.

Objective: The dependence of research on the state budget on public universities has caused the government's economic problems in recent years to adversely affect the status of academic research. Therefore, managers of public universities should prioritize the use of other research funding methods, including attracting funds from the private and industrial sectors and taking a strategic approach in this regard. The purpose of this study was to design and explain a strategic decision-making model for financing research projects to Improve the research projects of the University of Tehran. Methods: The research method of this article is qualitative and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with experts and study of articles and texts. In order to extract the main metrics and structures of the model, the data were analyzed using the theme analysis method. Thirty-four interviewees were selected using the snowball method. Results: Based on the results of the research, 10 main structures consisting of 33 measures constitute the model components. Conclusion: Components of strategic decision-making model for financing research projects of Tehran University include: internal and external university communication, idea-to-product chain, Requirements before implementing, review and selection of strategies, structural reform strategy, financial strategy, Collaborative Strategy, Research Results Optimization Strategy, HR Strategy and Evaluation

Objective: Administrative factors and especially those which are relevant to human resource management are considered as threatening factors of administrative integrity in Iran and employees' compensation system is one of them; so if there is no ideal employees' compensation system, they would probably commit corruption in order to reach their self-interests or confront economical problems. Accordingly, we are going to present a model of employees’ compensation system toward administrative integrity. Methods: This research is based on Interpretive Paradigm and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). The research is an applied one and the way of extracting data is an interview. The statistical population of the research is experts of the administrative and recruitment organization and the method of sampling is Purposive sampling method. Results: compensation system of employees results in administrative integrity on condition that concludes seven components which are "internal controls", "justice procedures", "performancebased compensation", "legal procedures", "transparent procedures", "documentary procedures", and and "motivational compensation". Results show that four components of the model are embedded in the linkage cluster, concluding "internal controls", "documentary procedures", "transparent procedures" and "justice procedures". These components are dynamic; hence any change of them would affect all the system. Components which are embedded in Autonomous cluster conclude "legal procedures" and "performance-based compensation" which imply influence and direction power of them in the model. Also, the component "motivational compensation" is embedded independent cluster which means high dependency of this component in contrast with the other components of the model. Conclusion: The compensation system of employees toward administrative integrity should have transparent and documentary procedures and also give priority to justice. Likewise, the effectiveness of the compensation system of employees to develop administrative integrity depends on the existence of legal procedures and regulations, settlement of internal controls, motivational compensation and performance-based compensation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Emergence and incidence of neurotic organization characteristics in education by fuzzy cognitive mapping. Methods: Fuzzy cognitive mapping is used to identify the characteristics of neurotic behavior in the organization under study. In the first step after identifying the research problem, the experts with the necessary knowledge and knowledge were selected by the education organization. After identifying the research experts, the researcher has extracted the mental map of the experts by asking the experts for brainstorming. Write and write the flip charts according to the specified dimension, and after reaching the theoretical saturation, the facilitator has grouped the responses according to the specified dimensions, and then causal relations between the elements of each dimension and relationships with other elements. It is later examined and plotted. Results: Cognitive mapping of neurotic behaviors in an education organization contains 122 elements. FCMaper mapping analysis has shown that these elements consist of 45 ordinary elements, 75 transmitter elements and 2 receiving elements. Conclusion: The results of mapping showed that self-esteem element with the highest input degree is the most effective mapping element and media with the highest output degree is the most effective element of neurotic behavior mapping in the educational organization. Centrality is another indicator that shows the effect of the elements on the neurotic behavior. Analyzes show that the element of self-esteem is the most central mapping element identified with the highest degree of input and output. Also, the results of the Spearman test and limit scenarios show the validity of the results.

Objective: Policymaking in the field of urban management requires understanding the mental models and patterns of managers, experts and those involved in this field. The purpose of this research was to identify and interpret mental models of urban managers in Hamadan city towards a smart city. Methods: The method of this research is the Q methodology. The participants of the present study were 25 managers and urban experts in Hamadan who have high influence and influence in decision making in the metropolitan area. They were selected through purposeful and nonprobable sampling. The discourse space of the present study was gathered from various sources such as interviewing 11 managers and urban experts and literature. Results: After evaluating and summarizing the concourse, 204 short sentences were selected as Q samples. After a survey of experts, a total of 42 sentences were selected as examples of Q samples. After creating the terms of the concourse, they interviewed them with Q methodology. After collecting the data from Q sorting, this data was analyzed by SPSS software version 25 with Q analysis method and identified 11 distinct mental patterns among participants of the research on the smart city which (77. 32) per cent of variance Explained the whole. Conclusion: These 11 subjective patterns are named, respectively, in the names of "promising macro", "pivotal advocates", "pivotal advocates", "urban planners", "justice-oriented realists", "law-oriented cultures", "pro Upgrading strategies", "scientific developers", " extroverts interested in agility", "unpriced economists" and eventually "environmental advocates" were named and the importance and prioritization of identified cases of the smart city based on the mental patterns achieved face Took In the end, according to the interpretation of the mental models, solutions have been proposed to accelerate urban intelligence.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers to productivity in government organizations and to rank these barriers in order to reveal the impact of each of its barriers and indicators on productivity in the organization. Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population includes all managers and experts of Isfahan Industry, Mining and Trade Organization, 220 people. The sampling method in this study is in the form of a whole number and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. SPSS and PLS software have been used to analyze data. Results: After measuring and ranking the indicators related to each of the barriers to productivity using statistical tests, the findings indicate that all three categories of barriers play a key role in reducing productivity, and organizational barriers, respectively. Individual barriers and environmental barriers have the greatest impact on reducing productivity. Conclusion: In this study, three main barriers to productivity in government organizations were examined, environmental barriers, organizational barriers and individual barriers; Then, the indicators related to each obstacle were determined and ranked. The results of this study identified the priority of the three barriers to productivity as well as the priority of the indicators of each category of barriers to the productivity of the organization. These results can be the basis for managers' planning to consider and remove barriers and thus increase productivity in the organization.

Objective: This study aims to explain the role of ownership structure in the board strategic decision-making process in the Iranian institutional context as a developing country. The Agency Theory does not direct this research as the dominant theory in the corporate governance field; instead, this study is guided through the behavioral approach. Methods: The strategy of this research is a multiple case study with an abductive theorybuilding approach. By examining the ownership structure of Iranian banks, four banks were selected. Thirty-four semi-structured interviews are conducted with the CEOs, board members, CEO deputies, and officers relevant to strategy and corporate governance. Data analysis and theorizing were followed by systematic coding of interviews through eight steps, including within-case analysis, cross-case analysis, initial hypothesis building, and enfolding the literature. As a result, six propositions are suggested and conceptualized. Results: The results reveal that ownership concentration harms the balance of power, and thus the effectiveness of the decision-making process. At the same time, mixed ownership hurts strategic decision-making with a negative effect on the balance of trust and emotional climate and balance of the cognitive conflict. Regulatory bodies can moderate the negative effect of ownership concentration on the balance of power. Conclusion: Contrary to existing literature, results show that both "ownership concentration" and "mixed ownership" have negative impacts on the "effectiveness of strategic decision making". Three primary processes, the balances of "power", "trust and emotional climate" and "cognitive conflict", appear to explain the findings. Regulatory bodies, as critical institutional forces, moderate these adverse effects. We explain our conflicting findings with the differences between institutional contexts. Due to the importance of banking in the Iranian economy and considering the moderating role of supervisory agencies on the mentioned negative impacts, improving regulatory institutions and strengthening supervisory mechanisms to limit major shareholders' interference is suggested.