Applied Psychology
Year:2022 | Volume:16 | Issue:2 (62)|Papers Count:10

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Sternberg successful intelligence training program on increasing students' creativity and tolerance of ambiguity. Method: The research method was an experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15842 fourth grade male students in the academic year 2020-2021 in the city of Isfahan, that 30 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups. The experimental group received ten sessions of Sternberg Success Intelligence Program training. Data were collected through Torrance Creative Thinking Test Form B (2002) and McLean Ambiguity Tolerance Questionnaire (1993) and were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that Sternberg successful intelligence program was effective in increasing students' creativity and ambiguity tolerance in the post-test phase and this effect remained stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that the training of Sternberg successful intelligence program by providing an opportunity to enrich the educational environment of students by using methods such as problem solving, games Unstructured, unusual use of objects, conversation of numbers and semi-finished storytelling can be used as an effective program to increase students' creativity and ambiguity tolerance.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to validate the Persian version of the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale. Method: The statistical population of the study included all people who referred to counseling centers in Khorramabad, Doroud and Boroujerd in 2020 and 2021, from which 400 people were selected by convenience sampling. In the present study, in order to determine the factor validity, the statistical method of confirmatory factor analysis, in order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method and in order to evaluate the simultaneous validity of the instrument, the Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale by Barkley (2011) were used. Results: In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole questionnaire was 0. 79. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale (verbal inhibition, Timidity, disguise feeling, self-control). The results of the correlation between the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale and the Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale showed a significant correlation between the components of the two tools and the simultaneous validity of the Kellner's Emotional Inhibition Scale. Conclusion: Since the fitness indices of the factor analysis model had a good fit and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated the internal consistency of the items of this tool, this questionnaire has good validity and reliability, which can be used to assess emotion inhibition in future research.

Aim: Positive mood and cognitive flexibility are known to enhance creativity. The present study examines this important issue in the age range of 8 to 12 years, assuming that positive mood is likely to promote creativity by affecting cognitive flexibility. Methods: The study population included all female students aged 8 to 12 years in districts 4 and 8 of Tehran. From the research population, 60 people in two age groups of 8 to 10 (8/80  0/76) and 10 to 12 (11/20  0/76) years were selected by available sampling method. After randomly placing individuals in research groups based on the induced mood and age, individuals were assessed using the computerized version of Wisconsin Card Sorting (1948) and the Torrance Creative Thinking (1974) test. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U and Hayes mediator regression model (2018). Results: Regression model analysis confirmed the mediating role of cognitive flexibility between mood and creativity, where positive mood improves individuals' cognitive flexibility and thereby enhances performance in creativity test. Conclusion: The findings of this study as evidence of the importance of mood on the level of cognitive flexibility and creative performance in children emphasized the need to consider this issue in educational settings with the aim of creating and strengthening creative thinking in children.

Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate factor structure, validity and reliability of the interpersonal guilt (short-form) and relation with Corona disease anxiety in students. Method: The research method was a descriptive correlational. 330 students in Tehran participated in the study through online recall (Due to the corona virus pandemic). Corona disease anxiety scale (Alipour et al, 1398), Interpersonal guilt scale-15 (Gazzillo et al., 2018), Interpersonal guilt-67 (O'Connor et al., 1997), Personal-FeelingsQuestionnaire-PFQ (Shame and Guilt) (Harder and Zalma, 1990) and SelfEsteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 and AMOS. Results: the results of exploratory factor analysis showed that 15 questions were loaded on 3 factors which together explained 46% of the variance of the scale of the interpersonal guilt. Internal consistency (Cronbach’ s alpha) was calculated 0/64-0/87. Correlation of three dimensions of this scale (survivor guilt, omnipotent guilt and self-hate) with Corona disease anxiety, depression, self-esteem, shame and guilt was also significant (p<0/01). confirmatory factor analysis after model modification (14-item version) indicated a good fit with the data. Conclusion: Findings of the current research confirmed the usage of interpersonal guilt scale and it can be used in psychological research and clinical Trails.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of attachment-based Theraplay on parental self-efficacy of mothers, emotional regulation, social adjustment and anxiety of children with separation anxiety. Method: The present study is a quasi-experiment, a kind of single-subject individual baseline A. B. The statistical population of the study incorporates mothers and children with separation anxiety (SAD) who have referred to Pardis counseling and psychological center in Isfahan for 4 months in 2020. Three children with Separation anxiety, between 3. 5 to 6 years old were selectedby availablesampling. Children and their mothers participated individually in attachment-based Theraplay for eight forty-five-minute sessions. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the package, Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Domka, 1996), Emotional Regulation Checklist (Shields & Cicchetti, 1998), Social Skills Questionnaire (Matson, 1983), and Preschool Anxiety Questionnaire (Spence, 2001) wereutilized and the results were demonstrated by graphs and improved effectiveness percentage. Results: The results indicated that in the post-test and follow up, children's anxiety scores have decreased significantly mothers' parental self-efficacy scores and children's emotional regulation and social adjustment have increased significantly. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the presence of attachment components in attachmentbased Theraplay intervention improved performance of mother-child relationship and reduces separation anxiety in children. Attachment-based play therapy provides effective and advantageous strategies for mothers, parents, and child psychotherapy centers in order to promote parental sensitivity and treat behavioral problems and separation anxiety in children with attachment problems.

Aim: Substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use through recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances appearing. Multiple variables affected on severity, duration and treatment of substance abuse disorders. In 2017, globally 271 million people were estimated to have used one or more illicit drugs. The aim of this causal-comparative study was the comparison of impulsiveness, ego strength, alexithymia and perceived social support in addicts who continued treatment and those who abandoned treatment. Methods: For this purpose, 180 participations referred to 3 drug rehabilitation center and after obtaining the consent and conveniently placed into three groups: medicinal, motivational and combined (medicinal-motivational) treatment randomly. Participations completed BIS (Barratt, 1994), Ego Strength Scale (Besharat, 2006), TAS-20 (Bagby, Parker & Taylor, 1994) and MSPSS (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet & Farley, 1998) before and after the treatments. The number of people remained at the end of treatment were 45, 39 and 43 respectively in each group. For analyze the data non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was used. Results: The results showed significant differences on impulsiveness, ego strength, alexithymia and perceived social support between Addicts Who Continued Treatment and Those Who Abandoned Treatment. Conclusion: Considering these variable can be effective in preventing, diagnosis and treatment of addiction.

Aim: According to the research, many students consider the first year of university as one of the challenging and stressful periods of life and they can’ t properly adjust to it. The goal of this research was to study the lived experiences of students with low adjustment in the first year of university to determine problems and challenges of adjustment to university. Method: The research method was qualitative phenomenological. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method. The study’ s population was the Bachelor’ s students with low adjustment in Bandar Abbas Islamic Azad University, in the 1399-1400 academic year. The Purposeful sampling method was conducted on 18 students with low adjustment until reaching data saturation. Results: Qualitative phenomenological analysis led to the extraction of seven main themes and thirty-three sub-themes. Social and communication problems, emotional problems, irrational beliefs, learning problems, motivational problems, family and university environment problems were determined as the main themes. Conclusion: The results indicated that maladjusted students experience numerous intrapersonal and environmental problems in adjusting to university. However, the intrapersonal factors share was higher than environmental factors. Thus, due to the multi-dimensional nature of students' problems, it is essential to conduct multilateral interventions to increase students' adjustment to university.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hope therapy and spiritual therapy on quality of life, blood sugar, and blood pressure in middleaged women with type 2 diabetes. Method: The present study was quasiexperimental with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes referred to the Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute in Tehran city in 2020 which 45 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). The research instruments included the Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory by Burroughs et al., (2004) and a blood test to measure fasting blood pressure and blood sugar. After 8 sessions of 90 minutes, once a week of hope therapy and spiritual therapy for the experimental groups, the data of the present study were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that spiritual therapy and hope therapy had an increasing effect on the quality of life (P=0. 038). Conclusion: One of the practical implications of the present study is the provision of psychological therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes. It is suggested that therapies such as hope and spirituality along with drug therapies be performed on patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindful self-compassion on reducing rumination and perceived stress in adolescent girls. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and 6-month follow-up and the control group. The statistical population were all female high school students in District 2 of Ahvaz in the 98-97 academic year. Using convenience sampling among 100 female adolescents who answered the questionnaires of Nolen-Hoeksema and Maro (1991) rumination response style and Cohen et al. (1983) perceived stress questionnaires; Forty subjects who scored above 50 in the rumination response style questionnaire and above 36 in the perceived stress questionnaire were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of 20 experimental and control groups after matching. mindful self-compassion training (2018) was performed in a group manner in 8 sessions of 150 minutes once a week for the experimental group and the data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that mindful self-compassion training at 99% confidence could reduce rumination (F = 63. 35) and perceived stress (F = 60. 76) in adolescent girls and this effect remained stable after the follow-up stage. Conclusion: Since mindful self-compassion training has reduced adolescent girls 'rumination and perceived stress, it can be used to increase adolescent girls' mental health.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to Development and validate a questionnaire of attribution styles of patients with Covid-19. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included patients with Covid-19 in Qom and Tehran provinces. 292 people were tested by convenience sampling method. Results: To evaluate the content validity, the minimum acceptable value for the Content validity index (CVI) is equal to. /79 And the minimum acceptable value for the Content validity ratio index (CVR) is equal to. /62 Was used. The results of the criterion validity were obtained convergently between the questionnaire of the present study and the equivalence scale (0. 734) and was significant at the level of 0. 01. Structural validity by factor analysis, respectively seven factors, "positive theistic attribution ", " theistic recovery attribution", "personalized attribution", "negative theistic attribution", "attribution to others", "naturalistic attribution" and " Non-theistic improvement attribution", which estimates (48. 696) percent of the total variance of the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained in the test-retest (0. 678) in the two halving method (0. 808) and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire (0. 888), which indicates the good internal consistency of this questionnaire. Conclusion: Therefore, the results indicate the ability of the questionnaire of attributionstyles of patients with Covid-19 for use in research and services to Covid-19 patients.