Journal of Family Research
Year:2022 | Volume:17 | Issue:4 (68)|Papers Count:10

The present article has been written with the aim of investigating the factors affecting women's power in the family. For this purpose, the data of the National Family Survey in 2019 have been reviewed and analyzed. The statistical population in this study includes people over 15 who living in urban areas of the whole country. The research findings show that although the distribution of power and decisionmaking within Iranian families leans towards men, the type of attitude of women towards the issue of distribution of power also shows their acceptance of this situation. In addition, the findings of this study showed that increasing the level of education of men and women and employment of women, as well as the expansion of their relationships and information, leads to a fair distribution of power in the family. But the important point in this study, contrary to the theory of resources, which considered access to economic resources important, is that not only women's income, it does not affect their decision-making power within the family, but may work outside the family psychologically and increase other skills. Empower them or make them more aware of the right within the family, which will be effective in increasing their decisionmaking power within the family.

This study aims to identify and rank the factors affecting the initial marital conflicts in newly married couples. This is a descriptive study. The statistical population of this study included experienced counselors who worked as family counselor in Meybod and Ardakan City. 12 expert counselors were selected using purposeful sampling method. An interpretive structural modeling method was used to identify and rank the factors affecting the early marital conflicts. The results showed the unpleasant atmosphere of the family of origin was in the seventh and last rank and infidelity and extramarital affairs was at the highest and last rank of the model. The power structure in the family was at the sixth rank, the ideals, economic problems, low life skills and differences in lifestyle were at the fifth rank, modern women's identity and lack of awareness about sexual issues were in the fourth rank, mental illness and behavioral disorders and premarital events were in the third rank and lack of initial love was in the second rank. It can be concluded that the unpleasant atmosphere of the family of origin is the most effective and fundamental factor in creating marital conflicts among newlyweds and should be considered at the premarital counseling.

The coronavirus and its prevalence in the community cause many psychological problems. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the marital adjustment and disputes among couples during the outbreak of COVID-19. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples under 40 in one of the cities in western of Iran. Of these couples, 79 participated in the study offline and online. For data collection, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale [RDAS] (Basby et al, 1995) and the Researcher-Made Scale of Marital Disputes (2021) were used. Paired Sample t-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that among couples, the marital adjustment mean and its dimensions (Consensus, satisfaction and cohesion) decreased and the rate of marital disputes (shouting, verbal aggression, physical fights, silent treatment, intimidation, insult and humiliation) increased during the outbreak of COVID-19. The results have important implications for the marital consequences of the COVID-19 among couples, and online and offline planning to reduce marital strife is suggested.

Considering the spread of coronavirus and its effects, present study consists of two parts; in the first part, validity and reliability of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale in children were evaluated and in the second part, the effectiveness of filial-therapy training on anxiety in children was evaluated. In first part, 151 children were selected by available-sampling method and responded to scale expressions. To evaluate validity, correlation of items with total score and confirmatory-factor analysis and to evaluate reliability, Cronbach'salpha were used. In second part of study, from all mothers with children aged 9 to 12 with severe anxiety of coronavirus, 22 were selected by purposive-sampling and randomly were divided in experimental and control groups. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze data. Results of first part showed Coronavirus Anxiety Scale of Children consists of a psychological factor and scale has good validity and reliability (P <0. 01). Cronbach'salpha for the entire questionnaire was estimated 0. 88. Results of second part showed filial-therapy had a significant effect on coronavirus anxiety in children (P <0. 01). According to findings, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, pediatric version has desirable psychometric properties and filial-therapy can be used as a beneficial treatment to reduce coronavirus anxiety in children.

Children’ s screen time is increasing and has devastating effects on various aspects of their development and health. This systematic review study was conducted to investigate the role of family and shortcomings in interventions to reduce children's use of digital media. PsycNet, ScienceDirect, Medline, Pub-Med, Scopus, Web of Science, ISC, SID and IranDoc were searched from 2000 to 2019. All research studies that were RCT with children under age 12 and aimed to reduce ST in children were eligible to study. 18 of them were eligible and were included in the review. Most of the strategies used were behavioral and cognitive, and family factors, including communication between family members and child-parent relationship as an important and influential factors in managing child behavior were largely neglected across the articles reviewed. Awareness of parents about the negative consequences of children's over-use of digital devices and training them to perform alternative and joint activities as two main elements can make interventions be more effective than when they focus only on teaching skills to children. In addition, involving parents in interventions is more effective when other influential factors such as child and parent characteristics, quality of parent-child interaction, patterns of parenting behaviors, parenting styles and influencing factors in home environment should also be considered.

Borderline personality disorder is a complex and serious mental disorder that contains a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulsivity that begins in early adulthood. The aim of this study is to predict the characteristics of borderline personality disorder based on their attachment and differentiation styles through emotion regulation. The study population was all students of universities in Tehran with a sample of 372 who were selected using available sampling method. Data collection tools were Drake Short Form of Self-Differentiation Scale (2011), Hazen and Schiver Adult Attachment Questionnaire (1987), Gratz and Roemer Emotional Difficulty Scale (2004), and Borderline Personality Disorder Characteristics Questionnaire. Research data were analyzed using correlation and regression methods. The results showed that the difficulty in regulating emotion as a mediating variable partially affects the relationship between self-differentiation and attachment styles with borderline personality disorder traits. Therefore, in a general conclusion, it can be claimed that attachment styles, selfdifferentiation were mediated by emotion regulation, may predict the characteristics of borderline personality disorder independently.

The aim of this study is group education based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) on positive emotions towards the spouse in women who have undergone emotional divorce. The research method was quasi-experim-ental: pretest-posttest and two-month fol-low-up. The statistical population included married women in the situation of emotional divorce who consulted with Yazd Family Counseling Center in 2020. All women who used the services of this center completed an emotional divorce questionnaire. Individuals undergoing emotional divorce were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). Both groups completed a questionnaire of positive emotionns towards their spouse and the experimental group was exposed to eight 90-minute weekly sessions based on acceptance and commitment training. In the end, the questionnaire was administered again in both groups and in the follow-up period after 8 weeks, and both groups completed the questionnaires. The results of analysis of covariance showed that teaching an approach based on acceptance and commitment improves positive emotions towards the spouse in married women suffering from emotional divorce. Thus, ACT skills lead to cognitive evaluation of emotions, decrease in negative emotions, increase in positive emotions and adaptive behavior, and ultimately lead to increased cognitive regulation of emotions.

The current study examines the effectiveeness of training based on combining twoway solution-focused therapy and narrative therapy on assertiveness and marital intimacy among women on the verge of divorce. Method of this study is semiexperimental pretest, posttest and follow test with control group. The study sample included all women on the verge of divorce who used the services of consulting clinics of Kashmar. Twenty-four women on the verge of divorce were selected by convenience sampling. Bagarozzi marital intimacy and Shering assertiveness questioners were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance test. The results of this study showed that a combination of both solution-focused therapy and narrative therapy has significant effect on assertiveness and marital intimacy among women on the verge of divorce (p<0. 05). Also, combination of both solution-focused therapy and narrative therapy have significant effect on Subscales marital intimacy (p<0. 05), also this improvement was maintained at follow-up. Thus, combination of both solution-focused therapy and narrative therapy may improve assertiveness and marital intimacy among women on the verge of divorce.

Parenting after divorce is one of the most sensitive tasks for divorced parents and is one of the effective factors in children's mental health. The purpose of this study is to explore and explain parents' lived experiences of co-parenting after divorce. This study was performed qualitatively using Descriptive phenomenology method. The study population included all parents who had parenting experience after divorce. In this study, data saturation criterion was used to determine the sample size. Using purposive sampling, 12 people (female, male) were selected and interviewed semi-structured. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi seven-step method. The results of the analysis led to the identification of five main themes: The relationship between parents, accountability, supervision, parental challenges and Social-psychological harms in parenting. Parents focused on eliminating the other coparent as a parental figure – just as their role as a spouse was eliminated after divorce-rather than concentrating on the task of parenting.

The purpose of this study is to investtigate the mediating role of parents' coherent self-knowledge between parental attachment components and students' self-concept. The method of the study was descryptive-correlation of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Tehran and their parents in the academic year of 2021 from which 446 people were selected by the cluster sampling. Participants completed the questionnaires of Raj Kumar Sarasut’ self-concept, Hazan & Shaver’ s attachment and Ghorbani’ s integrative self-knowledge. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results showed that the direct effects of the attachment style (secure, avoidance and ambivalent) and coherent self-knowledge on self-concept were significant. Cohesive self-knowledge also played a mediating role in the relationship between parental attachment styles and students' self-concept. Accordingly, the parents' attachment styles can predict students' self-concept through the mediation of integrative self-knowledge.