HADITH DOCTRINES
Year:2021 | Volume:5 | Issue:9|Papers Count:7

There have been various methods of receiving ḥ adī th in the earlier period, which are called methods of tolerating (learning with difficulty, Arabic: تَحَمُّل الحدیث) ḥ adī th. The method of tolerating (learning with difficulty) through the validity of the ḥ adī th has been effective in the tradition of obtaining ḥ adī th. Although permission, correspondence and finding (Arabic: وِجادة) as ways of tolerating ḥ adī th have a lower validity than listening and reciting, but these methods have been used in the ḥ adī th works of Shaykh al-Ṣ adū q. This research has studied the application and validity of these three methods using descriptive-analytical method before Saduq to show his adherence in mentioning the methods and its effect on the validity of narrations. The results of this study show that permission in two absolute and conjugated (connected) types with other methods of tolerating the ḥ adī th has a different degree of validity and only the validity of absolute permission is the subject of discussion. Al-Ṣ adū q has resorted to the methods of absolute permission and correspondence due to lack of access to al-Shaykh or lack of time to listen to the ḥ adī th. He has stipulated (clarified) through his unusual tolerating method with the word [we were informed, Arabic: أُخْ بِرنا, Romanized: ukhbirnā ] and other statements in most cases. He believed in the invalidity (the lack of credibility) of finding (Arabic: وِجادة) and has considered the finding valid only in the original version of the scripts (Arabic: التوقیع, Romanized: al-tawqī ‘ ā t) with the Infallible's (al-Maʿ ṣ ū m) handwriting.

Imamate is one of the necessities of the Shiite religion and following the Imam can only be achieved with the knowledge of the Imam. Undoubtedly, the best introducing is the one which is done in the language of Imam Masoom (AS). In the Shiite hadith heritage, a letter attributed to Imam Sadiq (AS) addressed to the companions in all ages has been reported. In the present study, this letter has been dealt with by content analysis method. The results of quantitative analysis show that in a part of the letter, the keyword "Imam" has a significant repetition, which in most cases has been used to refer to the Imams (AS). Therefore, in the present study, by analyzing the content of the letter attributed to Imam Sadiq (AS) to the companions, an attempt was made to explain the view of Imam (AS) on the subject of Imamology. The results of qualitative analysis also indicate in the category of "Imamology", the issues related to the introduction of the Imam and the position of the Imamate, the attributes and duties of the Imam and the right of the Imam over the people have been expressed in a functionalist way, that means, according to the circumstances of the audience, the Imam had not been seek to prove the position of the Imamate or a complete description of the characteristics of the Imam, but put emphasis on, need of the companions, to the Imam, for benefit from the guidance of these nobles.

Ibn Ghadā ʿ irī (Arabic: إبن غَضائِری) is one of the prominent ḥ adī th narrators in the earlier age who has reread the ḥ adī th narrator's status using the knowledge of ḥ adī th and biographical evaluation (Arabic: الرِّجال, Romanized: al-rijā l) specific to his time. His field of biographical evaluation studies is a representation of his scientific personality, intellectual model and method of accessing Rijā l sources. His critical approach to this knowledge can be represented and judged by his historical Rijā l (not objective). However, the lack of historical narrative sources about Ibn Ghadā ʿ irī 's personal and social identity has become a position for different epistemological speculations in the field of his historical personality, beliefs and knowledge among the earlier and later (posterior) scholars of Rijā l and other scholars. It was attempted in this article to reread analytically, Ibn Ghadā ʿ irī 's scientific and religious character by using the narrations of the contemporary Rijā lian scholars of Ibn Ghadā ʿ irī and the narratorologists after him.

An additional hadith is one of the terms of the science of knowledge and refers to a hadith that has more in the text or document than its hadith. Some believe that a lot in the text should create a new meaning in order to be referred to as a hadith. But others consider the mere presence of too much in the text to be absolutely sufficient. Compared to many in the document, some consider the existence of one or more narrators more and others consider the existence of only one more narrator in the document as a condition for further application. The authors have studied this issue in a descriptive-analytical method based on library study and have come to the conclusion that there is no obstacle to applying more hadith to any of the above types. Another finding is that although different principles and rules are mentioned for more; But the jurists are less committed to these and in practice have referred to their principles, hadith and rijali; Such as the possibility of the narrator or scribe making a mistake in expressing or writing too much, the lack of substantive differences between a narration and other narrations, checking the authenticity of all narrators in the chain of transmission.

Researchers in the field of pilgrimage, in order to prove the virtue of pilgrimage of the Infallibles (PBUH) on foot, as a method of pilgrimage that has many enthusiasts, have relied on generalities such as the absolute virtue of walking, bowing rituals, etc which are necessary in their place. However, there are special evidences in this regard and specifically in relation to the pilgrimage of Imam Hussein (AS), Imam Ali (AS), Imam Reza (AS) and Imam Baqir (AS) which have not been fully collected and It suffers from a lack of coherent analysis and accurate signification. Therefore, these narrations still need comprehensive and systematic writings to collect, categorize and imply their significance. Among the narrations on the virtue of pilgrimage of Imams (AS) on foot, there are seven narrations related to the virtue of pilgrimage of Imam Reza (AS) on foot. The present article presents these narrations in three categories and analyzes them. Finally, the shortcomings of chain of tradition in some narrations and the shortcomings of implication in others have prevented them from accepting their implication on the virtue of the pilgrimage of Imam Reza (as) on foot.

The content of suspicious news is evaluated by criteria such as the Qur'an, authentic tradition, reason, consensus, the purposes of Sharia, scientific proposition, and history. Among these, knowledge of the historical components in discovering the causes and factors of the issuance of the hadith and also applying its content to external events will be very instructive. This article seeks a typology of valid criteria for critique and analysis of hadiths that are significantly linked to the knowledge of history and historicity. These genres, which are based on narrations and rational analysis, will play a role in the formation of parallels and signs to judge the validity of the hadith. The benefit of the criterion of history in the process of critique of hadith is obtained by recognizing the reliable sources of quoting history, examining the condition of individuals and events reported in the text, and being aware of the social, political and religious characteristics of the hadith publishing space. Rational and methodical analysis of reports with analysis of peripheral analogies will also be very useful in the process of historical critique of hadith.

Conflict and difference of hadiths means inconsistency in content and reasoning of two or more hadiths. The issue of resolving the conflict and difference of hadiths, except in a few cases, is related to the understanding and knowing the purpose of the hadith, not to the critique, purification, and distinction of the valid hadith from the invalid one. The present research has investigated the methods of resolving the news conflict in viewpoint of Sheikh Ansari in a descriptive-analytical method and has concluded that: The Grand Sheikh uses the three methods of addition, preference, and selection-maintaining the mentioned order-in order to resolve the news conflict-in such a way that the customary addition takes precedence over implementation of preference rules, and if customary adaptation and addition is not possible, he refers to the preferences in order to prefer one of the two conflicting news over another and if there is no preference, it is time to select and he selects one of the two conflicting news. Accepting the generality over specific, absolute over constrained, government and entry, accepting the command over recommended one, prohibition to forbid, specific time and taqiyyah (hide and on-time action) are the most common methods of addition between conflicting narrations in the viewpoing of Sheikh Ansari.