GEOGRAPHY AND TERRITORIAL SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
Year:2021 | Volume:11 | Issue:39|Papers Count:12

Factors influencing the formation or changes in population structure include fertility, mortality and migration at different spatial scales so that at each point in time the role and impact of each can be more and less. But today, migration plays a much more important role in population growth because in addition to having a direct impact on the population structure of a geographical area, it will also affect the distribution of labor. In addition, migration can be affected by social and cultural imbalances and, in turn, exacerbate these inequalities. The result of this interaction is a lack of proper distribution of population and, consequently, inequality in national investments, regional imbalances, differences in job opportunities and other social and cultural opportunities, which creates many problems. The purpose of this study is to extract and analyze the relationship between migration and social and cultural variables that exacerbate this phenomenon. These variables are grouped through exploratory factor analysis and social and cultural factors that aggravate migration are extracted, then the relationship between each of these factors and provincial migration is explained through multivariate regression analysis. The analyzes show that the net migration rate has the highest correlation with the collective and individual characteristics of development, income, welfare and social security, and the diversity of urban facilities and ethnicities, respectively. Examination of the impact of the following dimensions or social and cultural criteria also reveals the fact that all these components do not have equal effects on the rate of migration formed in the provinces of the country and their effects on the rate of migration have been different.

The metropolis of Tehran regulates the administrative-political centrality of the country inside and outside the political borders and in interaction with other parts of the world in various political, security, economic and cultural dimensions, reveals a high degree of influence in a systemic analysis. Tehran's urban system is open and multifaceted, which faces many conflicts and instabilities. The lack of a specific function for the metropolis of Tehran seems to severely undermine the systemic description of it and the efficiency of civil and governmental institutions. Then, the main and potential contexts in the formation and emergence of four strategic factors (opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses) in the external and internal environment were identified. Findings show that among the various external factors influencing the political management of Tehran metropolitan area, the factor of preparing the urban complex plan with a weight score (0. 84) as the most important opportunity and the factor of multiplicity and division of government and metropolitan management of Tehran (0. 33), The most important threats to the advancement of political space management in the metropolitan area of ​ ​ Tehran are considered. Separation and fragmentation are prominent features of Tehran's urban management system, which is why the management system of this metropolis can not systematically cover the urban space and, consequently, social, political, physical, environmental and economic processes.

Rural entrepreneurship can by activating innovation in the use of limited resources, lead to expansion of activities and job creation at the local level by using limited capital resources. In this regard, the people involved in this process would not only contribute to the acquisition of skills, but also to expand their business and increase the income and savings of themselves and others. Therefore, it is believed that rural entrepreneurship can facilitate effective interaction between activities related to agricultural production and non-agricultural sectors, including small industries and services, and ultimately improve living conditions and activities at the village level. This article by examining the role of rural entrepreneurship in Dalahu Area (Kermanshah Province), seeks to show that expanding these related activities can not only enhance the interaction and connection of rural settlements with urban centers, but also promote sustainable development at the local level. The statistical population of this study comprises 139 rural settlements in the area, which were examined by description-and analytic methods. To this end, library and field methods using survey and interview methods were used to collect the required data and information. Indicators measuring rural entrepreneurship and its role in sustainable local development were including the increase in employment, the increase in income levels, access to services and efforts to protect the environment. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and the Spss and Excel software as well as the t-test and the Pearson correlation test. The results of this study show that the Dalhousie region, despite having some environmental potential and socio-economic capabilities, due to the extreme distribution of rural settlements and their great distance from the regional center, as well as lack of easy access to commodity markets and Special mechanisms governing these markets, the activity of rural entrepreneurs has not been able to be as it should be and perhaps, with prosperity and expansion. Therefore, it can be claimed that out of 15 indicators studied, 13 indicators have a positive impact and 2 indicators have an impact In this regard, the most influences in the index of official credits granted by the Housing Bank (due to the high volume of damage in the earthquake of 1396 in the study area), government investment, access to health centers, and training center, relations It has been social and along with these factors, the most impact in this field has been related to the geographical typology index in the study area (Dalahu area).

The sense of belonging to the place is one of the emotional and emotional reactions of the human to the environment that links one to the place and forms the identity of the person and the place. the kind of architecture of rural housing and their style with social structures, their special economic as distinct regions of cities and can form a sense of belonging to their residents and their identity. the purpose of this study is to investigate the assumption that architectural style in rural environments can lead to an increase in sentiment and dependence on location. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical and survey nature. Data was gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0. 64 out of 164 households. The research findings show that the independent variable (architectural style) has affected the dependent variable (i. e, the sense of belonging) with an effective factor of 2. 46 at a significant level of 20. 95%. Also, according to structural squares model, it was determined that climatic comfort variables (21. 57), safety and security (13. 81), aesthetic (3. 67) and adaptive (4. 51) had a positive effect on the increase of sense of belonging There was a place for the villagers.

In many years, Tehran has encountered the emergence and growth of wide spreading construction violations for a number of reasons. Regards to the large volume of construction violations in Tehran and the effect of such violations on the city, the need and importance of challenging this issue was obvious. The study utilized spss, Excel, smart_pls, and GIS software with a logical comparative and documentary approach. The results showed that the highest violation was related to the violation of construction density with 22%. In the Vikor model for ranking, the region of 2, 3, 6 and 12 with red color, which were mostly in the north and northeast of Tehran had the highest construction violations while the southern regions of the city such as region of 16, 17 and 19 with yellow color had the lowest amount of construction violations. Also, the results of Pearson correlation confirmed that there is a positive and significant relationship between independent and dependent variables. the linear regression model showed that as the number of licenses increased, the number of violations also increased. Also as the ordering to close the construction of building and restore property increased, the number of violations decreased. Structural equation modeling also showed that the correlation of variables is suitable for creating a factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable significant relationship between bvious and latent variables. Then, three levels of fitness were used to fit the theoretical model. In each of them, acceptable fit and research model had a suitable fit.

Environmental resources in rural areas play a fundamental role in the country's economy and pave the way for achieving development goals. However, due to the importance of these resources, environmental crises are increasing day by day. Therefore, addressing environmental resource management issues is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of macro variables of environmental resources management in rural settlements of Mazandaran province. Descriptive and analytical research methods and field studies (questionnaires) have been used to collect data. The statistical population of this study is 50 experts in the field of environmental resource management. Single sample t-test and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that based on the t-test, there is a significant relationship between the indicators and the difference in their desirability has been positively satisfied. The results of factor analysis show that the 44 indicators examined in 10 factors were identified and its KMO value was 0. 5644 and its bartlet value was 1032/533. In total, 56. 96% of the total variance was explained and the highest value was 6. 77 and 2. 98 was related to the factor of rules and regulations and the lowest was related to the cause of man-made problems with variance of 4. 82 and its specific value was 2. 201. Thus, respectively, the factors of "laws and regulations, political and social problems; Planning; Regulatory problems; Functional or functional; Competence of managers and employees; Problems of employers and project implementers; Economic issues; Individual skills; Man-made problems mentioned the challenges of resource management in the villages of Mazandaran province.

With the advent of modernity in Iranian urban planning, the implementation of street plans was implemented as the first manifestations of modern urban planning on ancient urban contexts. While affecting the spatial structure and interconnectedness of the city, especially in the Iranian markets, it has dominated the streets as powerful edges in the old urban contexts. this research has been studied with a descriptive and analytical approach, using syntax and syntax techniques, Analyzes the structure and extent of interconnected changes in the old market of the historic city of Hamedan in Iran before and after the street-carving, and the impact of this on the spatial quality and meaning of market orders and axes has been analyzed. According to the results, the structure and cohesion of the traditional urban context are undermined by the pre-street urbanization, and this has become a major cause of the problem of readability and meaning in the context of the city

Housing is currently the most important issue in Third World cities. Rapid growth of urbanization, lack of sufficient resources, weak management and lack of a comprehensive housing planning in developing countries have caused the access of low-income groups to affordable housing to become a serious problem. The main purpose of this study is to identify the key factors affecting the development of social housing in Ilam with a foresight approach. Regarding its objectives, this research is a kind of applied one with descriptive-analytical nature based on library studies and environmental monitoring. Besides, using the existing studies on social housing development, seven indicators (political, economic, socio-cultural, demographic, physical-spatial, environmental and macro) have been selected, classified and compiled. Moreover, the statistical population of the study is the city of Ilam and its statistical sample is 30 experts and specialists in urban and regional planning. Data analysis was performed using Mick Mac software and Scenario Wizard. After examining the extent and how these factors affect each other on the development of social housing in Ilam, 10 key factors (urban growth, marginalization, inflation, housing policies, housing quality, neighborhood-centered approach and sustainable local development, urban development plans, the amount of homeless households, land and housing prices, urban decay) which have the most significant role in the future status of social housing development in Ilam were selected. Afterawards, using the capabilities of Scenario Wizard software, 2 strong scenarios, 1772 weak scenarios and 10 plausible scenarios were extracted.

Ports have historically played a prominent role in the development of regions, and at the same time, have had a significant impact on shaping the spatial structure of their hinterlands. Evidence shows that while the coastal ports of Mokran in Iran have a vast capacity to interact with the hinterlands, they have not been able to take advantage of the opportunities ahead. This has led to deprivation and spatial inequality, especially in the local hinterlands of the southeastern region of Iran, more than other parts of the country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolution of interactions between Mokran coastal ports and their hinterlands during the last 20 years (1997-2017) in order to determine what extent the ports of Mokran coast have been able to increase their interactions with the post-colonial regions at the local, regional and national levels in the last two decades. Quantitative research method and technique used is network analysis using Gephi software. The data used is a network of two-way commodity interactions between the ports of Mokran coast and all the hinterland cities of Iran. Findings show that Chabahar port has been able to improve its interaction with post-colonial cities in all three national, regional and local levels during the last two decades. At the same time, other ports such as Jask and Pasabander have been able to stabilize their position in the system of spatial structure of the southeastern region and increase their interaction with local hinterlands. The recommendations of this study emphasize that the ports of Mokran coasts, in order to promote their more effective role on national and transnational hinterland, need to shape their spatial structure towards a hierarchical network model. This model, in fact, forms an interconnected set of elements of spatial structure in the form of a hierarchical interaction, according to which all hinterland levels, from local to transnational scale, are involved in the process of spatial development.

The hedonic model, which has long been used by researchers as a method of measuring the value of housing, has the ability to identify the obvious preferences of individuals and thus, the concept of "value" in the current process of urban housing development. From this perspective, it can be argued that if a wide range of data on the value of urban housing is included, based on it, the concept of "value" in urban housing can be presented; What has been the main goal in this article. In this article, using the descriptive-analytical method and the implementation of the hedonic method (multivariate regression in simple linear and quasi-logarithmic forms), the concept of value in housing planning in Tabriz based on residents' preferences, is presented. The case study samples includes three types of housing development in Tabriz, including fully planned (Rushdieh town), guided according to the upstream plan (Ashkan neighborhood) and planned apartment model (residential complex) (Shahid Chamran town). The samples were identified and selected by purposive sampling method with emphasis on the units traded in the period of 1397 and 1398. A total of 105 questionnaires were collected and analyzed at the level of case samples. Content validity in terms of quantity and quality of questions and reliability has been confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 779. The findings indicate that according to the results of the hedonic method, housing has multiple and extensive value characteristics and based on it, the concept of value is not fixed. At the same time the identified value structure is the same; So part of the value content is variable and it changes depending on the necessities of spatial, temporal, economic, social and. . . The result of the research is that the concept of value in housing planning in the city of Tabriz, from the point of view of the expressed preferences of individuals, has no common content, so it is not possible to provide a single version for the city. At the same time, housing value indicators often cover both structural-physical and environmental dimensions, and the dominance of economic components over the housing value component is evident. The greatest explanatory power was related to the indicators of residential neighborhood (With a coefficient of 0. 873)and type of housing (With a coefficient of 0. 141); what shows the huge price gap between residential areas and building types in the city of Tabriz. Finally, in order to achieve value-oriented housing planning and indigenous housing development, it will be necessary to identify the concept of current housing value and the concept of desirable value and to analyze the gap between them.