DANESH-E-ENTEZAMI
Year:2022 | Volume:23 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

Background and objectives: The social capital of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran has an important role in advancing the goals of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Efforts to promote this capital have formed one of the most important concerns of the officials of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this study, the social capital of the I. R. I. police force is: "A set of capacities and capabilities and social resources of the police, including public trust in the police, public participation in the police, authority, acceptance and legitimacy of the police (in other words, public acceptance of the police) and the social prestige of the police in such a way that the use of these resources provides the ground for the production and reproduction of order and security in the community and the protection of the values of that community. " This study seeks to answer the following question: how much is the social capital of the I. R. I. police in the city of Tehran? Methodology: In order to obtain the answer to the research question, the amount of social capital of the police of the Islamic Republic of Iran was measured by a survey method. The statistical population of the study included all citizens aged 18 and over living in Tehran. To determine the sample size, 600 people were selected using Cochran's method and multi-stage clustering method and decuple clusters. One neighborhood was selected from each cluster, and some blocks were selected from each neighborhood in Tehran using random sampling method4. Open questionnaires were completed in person. Based on this, 60 individuals from each neighborhood were randomly selected regardless of the population size of each neighborhood. In this study, in order to assess the validity of the constituent components of the social capital of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the LISREL structural equation model was used and also the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The results of the study indicate that the social capital of the police in the city of Tehran is higher than average. Also, the results of the study of the components of social capital of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, such as the level of legitimacy, acceptance of the police by the people, the level of public trust in the police, the level of police authority and readiness to cooperate with the police, the social prestige and dignity of the police were evaluated as slightly upwards average. Results: The social capital of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the link between the society and the rule of the system. Just as the promotion of legitimacy by the government increases police trust, so does social partnership with the police increase police authority. In other words, the social capital of the police force is a product of the tripartite interaction of political institutions (legitimacy and legal acceptance of the police), social institutions (social participation) and cultural institutions (trust in the police).

Background and objective: In the second step statement, the Supreme Leader placed serious emphasis on the role of the young believer and revolutionary in shaping the bright future of the Islamic Republic. A large part of the police of the Islamic Republic is also made up of young people. In addition to their professional competencies, young police officers should also have a variety of general competencies. Accordingly, the aim of the research is to achieve a comprehensive model of the young faithful and revolutionary police based on the orders of the Supreme Leader. Methods: This research is of qualitative type which was comprehensively reviewed using the method of customary qualitative content analysis of inductive written sources and lectures of the Supreme Leader (from 1979 to the end of 2019). To check the validity of the components counted by the authors, the results were presented to the experts in the form of a table and after making corrections in the second round, everyone agreed with the components and the validity is clear according to the nature of the research. Findings: Hope and self-confidence, Islamic spirituality and moral virtues, jihad, resistance, unity, political activity, identity and independence, revolutionaryism, political insight, scientific work, scientific presence and progress, scientific jihad, logic and reasoning and awareness, elite, economics and constructiveness, family, responsibility, cheerfulness, breaking the line, hope, intelligence and talent, hard work, skill, idealism and realism are the most important components of a young, faithful and revolutionary police, according to the Supreme Leader. Results: In order to form a young, faithful and revolutionary police from the Supreme Leader's point of view, the youth working in the police must be promoted and reach the desired level in various religious and ideological, social, political and scientific dimensions and the statements mentioned in their findings.

Background and objective: The phenomenon of theft as a criminal act is one of the major problems of human societies, among which petty theft has a significant frequency compared to other thefts. The police have always been looking for a way to identify the social factors of committing theft and provide a targeted solution to combat it. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the phenomenon of petty theft in the city of Hamadan. Methods: In this research, a descriptive survey method has been used. The statistical population of this study includes thieves arrested by the Criminal Investigations Police of Hamadan Law Enforcement Command, who were selected through available sampling and a total of 76 individuals were selected as a sample. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical indicators have been used to analyze the data. Findings: Findings showed the most important factors affecting theft are physical disorder, social control, relationship with delinquents, religiosity and anomie. Thus, the mean of physical disorder and social control based on the data was not significant, and according to the comparison of the means, it was found that the mentioned variables were not enough to prevent theft by thieves. But the results of the variables of the relationship with delinquents and the degree of religiosity are significant. Results: Understanding the reasons for committing theft in the first place helps to prevent theft and in the second place, by providing a set of education and social awareness and proper urban planning and design based on the results of physical disorder and social control, lead to the incapacitation of crime centers and make the police actions effective.

Background and objective: Military law is one of the most important and controversial trends in the field of criminal law compared to the teachings of civil rights. When military criminal law faces the new teachings of civil law, many differences and commonalities emerge between the two areas, which are scientifically important to address. Since judicial officers, especially I. R. I. Police officers, are one of the main subjects of military law and on the other hand, as the executive arms of public law, they are related to the teachings of civil rights, in order to explain their rights and duties within the framework of the charter, civil rights requirements are required to be evaluated. Methods: The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical in which the initial data has been collected through libraries. After analyzing the initial data, the results of the theoretical study on the issues of civil rights and military law have been obtained. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that military law has always been influenced by the teachings of civil rights. Accordingly, by combining the requirements of civil rights with military rights, there are similarities and connections between these two areas in some cases, and there are contradictions and conflicts in the others. Results: Although the changes in the relevant laws are in favor of the teachings of civil rights, and in this regard, the development of the Charter of Civil Rights of the Presidential Institution and some related laws have also affected military law, military law should be given more attention by the legislature.

Background and objective: Terrorism has led to the spread of violence, threats to security, negative effects on the economic, cultural, social and political dimensions of different societies, growing insecurity in the world, and as a result, the sensitivity of criminal justice activists, including the police, to this issue. In recent years, the police, with a predictive approach in the framework of criminological crime risk management, mainly are seeking to predict terrorist crime and identify high-risk variables, including people or places that are most prone to crime. Methods: The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, the primary data of which has been collected through library sources. After analyzing the initial data, the results of the theoretical study were obtained. Accordingly, an attempt has been made to explain the issue more precisely by presenting some models. Findings: The findings of the study showed that the police with the policies of controlling terrorist crimes today are more towards forecasting through statistical and information models and in its new form through artificial intelligence. Also, high-risk groups and places, such as immigrants and crowded places, are a priority for police approaches to terrorist crimes. Results: Crime prediction and identification of dangerous terrorist variables play an effective role in identifying the context, in which the terrorist crime was committed, by the police. Accordingly, the spread of terrorist acts and, subsequently, securityism has led populist policies to influence police approaches to identifying certain variables, such as the placement of immigrants or crowded places in the group of high-risk variables. Finally, the focus of the Iranian police should be on reducing predictive approaches to forecasting and identifying terrorist threats with information and statistical methods and models that can be effective in reducing terrorist crimes.

Background and objective: The increase in smuggling in society has caused a lot of damage to the economy. The police force is one of the most important organs of society that takes steps to maintain the security and excellence of society. Given the importance of preventing smuggling, the present study provides a framework for managing soft systems to prevent smuggling in goods. Methods: In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and with a descriptive-analytical approach. After receiving the opinions of 15 academic and law enforcement experts, interviews were conducted and the findings were analyzed based on the "Soft Systems Methodology". Findings: The present study, while recognizing and introducing the problem of smuggling as an important issue within the society, relying on the methodology, determining the root definitions, developing a conceptual model, comparing the real world with the conceptual world and determining solutions has made an attempt to formulate a management framework with a soft systems methodology approach for dealing with existing issues. Results: The use of soft systems methodology provided a comprehensive framework for managing the prevention of smuggling of goods in the police force, based on which a new concept of worldview, customers, processes, owners and constraints was presented. This model includes components in the conceptual world and the real world. The components of the conceptual world are identifying the entry and exit points of smuggling, formulating strong laws, strengthening input equipment, committed manpower, strengthening the culture and beliefs of people and employees, identifying financial attractions, economic justice, soft management, and controlling smuggling. These components were also examined in the real world and the final model was presented with a monitoring, evaluation and comparison.

Background and objective: Due to the expansion of participatory approaches in eliminating local harmful factors, the Council of Police Trustees was activated in 2014 according to the instructions of the I. R. I. Police Social Deputy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of the activities of the Council of Police Trustees in preventing the distribution of drugs in Qazvin. Methods: In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of method it is descriptive-analytical which was conducted by survey method. The statistical population includes: 1) Commanders and managers of layer one of the city and province, police stations in Qazvin city and officials of Qazvin province and city up to 54 individuals, and 2) Citizens of Qazvin with 673, 000 individuals. The sample size of the first statistical population was all of the members, and the second statistical population was based on the Cochran's formula. 384 individuals were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools are two researcher-made questionnaires: "Activities of the Council of Trustees" and "Prevention of drug distribution". To evaluate the validity of the instrument, face validity and reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the value was 0. 87. For analyzing the research data in the descriptive part, frequency, mean and ratio statistics were used and in the inferential part, Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests and simple and multiple regression were employed. Findings: According to the research findings, there is a significant relationship between the independent variable of activities of local trustees and the variable of prevention of drug distribution in Qazvin. By increasing the activities of the Council of Trustees, drug distribution significantly decreases. Results: According to the research findings, with an increase of one unit on the activities of local trustees, the prevention of drug distribution in Qazvin increases by 0. 828 units, so more attention and support for the activities of the Police Trustees Council, will strengthen the prevention of drug distribution in Qazvin city.

Background and objective: In recent years, drug addiction and abuse has become one of the most important social issues in the country due to its negative consequences in the social, economic, psychological and even political spheres. So far, many studies have been done in this field, so the present study, with a meta-analysis approach, seeks to summarize and combine the findings of these studies with the aim of identifying and explaining the most important effective factors, along with providing relevant solutions to solve the problem. Methods: The present research has been done by quantitative meta-analysis method. The statistical population includes all studies conducted from 2004 to the end of 2021 in the field of study. Through purposive sampling, 28 studies were selected that had the appropriate characteristics to enter the meta-analysis. Comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA) was used to analyze the data. Findings: The estimated effect size in the studied samples was 0. 44 which is evaluated in the medium level confidence range according to Cohen's interpretive system. Finally, although based on the differences in research results, the variable of the statistical population has been used as a moderating variable, it can be said that regardless of the differences in the statistical populations studied, socializing with addicted friends has a positive effect on drug abuse or addiction. Results: Addicted people are exposed to deviant (addictive) behaviors due to their living environment as well as the people with whom they are in contact (addicts), and accordingly, relatives and friends who are addicted form a subculture that resists against the prevailing culture and has a great impact on the formation and strengthening of people's attitudes in their addiction and greatly reduces the possibility of rescuing a person from the mire of addiction.