RESEARCH BULLETIN OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES)
Year:2006 | Volume:21 | Issue:2|Papers Count:13

Housing is necessary goods that have a big share in household’s budget, total valu added and employment. Understanding the factors affecting the housing demand in urban areas helps us eliminate disequilibrium in the housing market.This paper develops a model to estimate the demand for housing in Iran. The housing demand is estimated considering the kind of tenure. To this end, a cross section data of 12338 selected urban households in 2001 is used.In this study, the announced rent of owner-occupied (tenant-occupied) households is a function of the current, permanent and transitory income and socioeconomic variables. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used to estimate the permanent and transitory income.The results show that the household’s income (current, permanent and transitory), age of householder and number of literated pesons in household have positive effects while the household size has a negative effect on the housing demand. Moreover, the result of this research shows that the willingness to own a house in certain groups such as the youth is lower compared with other age groups in Iran’s urban areas.

The aim of this paper is to determine the economic share of rural women in livestock production. In doing so, the county of Jahrom in Fars province as a case of study is considered. In the first step of this study, the performable activities in rural animal husbandry affairs are signified by using Delphi approach, and in the next step, proportional value of each activity is determined.The results indicate that in total activities of rural animal husbandry affairs, the average economic proportion of women is 29.44 percent which is close to ½ of the average economic proportion of men. The results also show that in 62 percent of these activities, the economic share of rural women is more than 16 percent. This situation makes policy-makers pay more attention to the role of rural women in their economic and social decisions.

Inflation, the continuous increase in public price level and continuous decrease in money's purchasing power, whether as a result of demand addition or increasing in production cost, is one of the most important problems for economics. High inflation rate have undesirable effects on economic development and growth. Increasing imported raw materials and intermediate products price is one of the factors that result in cost push inflation. Devaluation policies used to improve the balance of trade may cause higher inflation by increasing imported commodities price.In this paper, we examine the effects of Iran's devaluation on its inflation by using the simultaneous equation system. To do this, we use Iran's data for 1345-1380, which is provided by Iran's Statistics Center. The results confirm the relationship between Iran's inflation and its devaluation.

In this study, a simulation method is used as a suitable methodology for evaluation of the effect of fiscal policy on macroeconomic variables.A model, consisting of seven behavioral equations and three identities, was specified to define Keynesian view point. The model is estimated by two stage least square method. The study covers 1979-2001 periods. The model is used to simulate two scenarios of fiscal policies on macroeconomic variables.The results of this study showed that increasing government expenditure is more effective than decreasing direct tax. Applying both expansionary policies:1- causes the model’s variables , especially real investment, to fluctuate. This implies that fiscal policy can lead to economic instabilities, though they may have been designed to achieve economic stability;2- at first, price indices and real output levels will rise, but after some periods of fluctuation, price levels finally decline;3- at first, real import of goods and services will increase due to applying expansionary fiscal policy. But it is expected to decrease by overwhelming the reduction of price levels on increasing real outputs (real income);4- The effect of an increase in government expenditures or a decrease in direct taxes on the budget deficit will gradually fade off in a long termtrend.

Tourism industry has had an increasing growth rate in the past decade and has been a significant income source for many developing countries. But Iran, in spite of its rich and extensive tourism related assets, has had a small share of this global market. Since the perceived image of a tourism destination is an important criterion in tourists’ destination choice and also tourists’ behavior can be expected to be partly conditioned by the image they have of destination, destination image can be considered as a success factor for many tourism destinations. This paper is concerned with the theoretical framework of destination image formation and its management. With a survey conducted on a small segment of Irans' tourism market, it is confirmed that tourists past experiences of traveling to the region influence their perceived image about Iran. Also their interest in traveling to Iran is affected by the image they have about Iran and its perceived risk.

In international economics literature, the effect of international trade on marginal productivity of capital and the link between trade and growth are examined from a new perspective. International trade and trade policy would increase long run growth by introducing new technology, increasing productivity and permitting the economy to specialize in the sectors with scale economies that must arise from research and development (R&D). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mentioned links in a neoclassical model of an open economy in which domestic production requires both domestic and imported inputs through 1340-1377. The results indicate a negative relation between trade distortions (tariff rate) and marginal productivity of capital in Iran. The results also confirm that tariff rates interact with the estimate of free trade import, the degree of trade openness and thus, have significant negative effects on the growth rate of per capita income. The findings also show that marginal productivity of capital and economic growth in Iran are strongly affected by trade policies. Therefore, one can conclude that rationalizing tariffs restrictions can have a positive effect on productivity of the Iranian economy.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exchange, gold coin and housing markets on the stock price index in Iran over the period 1995:2-2004:1. A vector error correction model (VECM) approach to co integration analysis is used to study both the short-run and long-run movements of stock prices in Tehran market. The data used in this study include stock price index, exchange rate, gold coin price and housing price index.The results show that the value of gold coin price and the price of housing have significant positive effects on the stock price index in Iran. The results also indicate that the exchange rate has a significant negative effect.The result of error correction model indicates that 43 percent of the deviation of the stock prices from its equilibrium path is corrected in each period.

Today, recognizing the economic objectives of any country is unconceivable without general sharing its people. One of the ways for participation is stock exchange, because in this way, small and wandering savings of people will be led to productive and manufacturing direction, heane the production and economy circle will move on.The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effective factors on absorbing investment of real people in stock exchange and in the case study form in Isfahan regional stock exchange. The above objective was tested by variables such as the history of interest, advertisement (in forming) about investment in the stock exchange, stock sharing culture, reference groups, economic factors, political factors, the brokers’ function and the geographical location as the study questions.The results obtained from the study indicate that factors such as the history of interest, stockholding culture, reference groups, economic and political factors are affective factors. The investments of real people in Isfahan regional stock exchange, political factors and having stock holding culture are considered as other important and influential factors. The results of the study could be useful for decision makers of stock exchange especially Isfahan regional stock exchange market, policy makers of investment section and all people engaged in developing and activity of Iran stock exchange market.

The concept of social capital has been the focus of attention and also used in social sciences fields for decades. Based on pivotal theory of this study, efforts have been made to present a theoretical pattern in order to introduce the social capital-as mutal trust among individuals and economic units-along with other factors such as economic and human capitals, as an independent variable in economic growth function. In this point of view, the trust is the individual’s belief in standing for fulfilling their commitments in their socio economic interactions. In fact, this is a belief that facilitates the establishment of interactions.We peruse to answer the following question “Are there any other effective factors to determine the change of production function of economics in addition to economic and human capital? If there is, how is this production function defined theoretically?We use Francois pattern (2002) as a base pattern and expand it to production function of economics. This model explains the trust role in increasing or decreasing entrepreneur appearance share in economics.The results have identified a new relationship in economic growth by expansion of Francois model and entrance of production function. In this model, the economic growth is dependent on the absolute quantity and growth rate of social capital in addition to economic and human sources.