METAFIZIKA
Year:2021 | Volume:4 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

The twenty-first century was marked by the widespread introduction of various technologies in order to improve man. Interest in the problem of the human body and corporeality arose as a result of complex radical transformations that have affected modern society. In this regard, a revision of solutions to anthropological problems is required, which will allow civilization to reach a higher level of development. In order to improve the human body, various technologies are used, as a result of which it undergoes certain transformations. The article discusses one of the modern directions of philosophical and anthropological research-the body-oriented approach, which implies the joint evolution of the body, consciousness and environment. The sources and reasons for the emergence of the body-oriented approach are revealed. The article examines the human body as the relationship of five phenomena: biological, ecological, phenomenological, cultural and social. Special attention is paid to an interdisciplinary approach to the consideration of the problem of body and mind. An alternative view of the biological roots of cognition is analyzed. Taking into account the modern achievements of neurobiology, neurophysiology, cognitive psychology and other sciences, it is considered how the “ scheme and body image” form the field of consciousness.

The problem of evil is one of the topics that has always been debated in philosophy and theology for centuries and has raised questions and doubts about the divine attributes and the goodness of this world by the followers of the Abrahamic religions. Mulla Sadra and Leibniz, as two philosophers committed to the Abrahamic religions of Islam and Christianity, in their works have tried to solve the problem of evil and show it compatible with the attributes of justice, wisdom and absolute benevolence of God and on the other hand the good system. Examining and comparing the thoughts of Mulla Sadra and Leibniz on the problem of evil is something that can reveal their differences and intellectual similarities in spite of differences in religion, thought and school, and on the other hand, get acquainted with their reports and views in this regard. In this article, a descriptive-analytical method examines the nature, types and solutions of evil from the perspective of Mulla Sadra and Leibniz, and finally compares the thoughts of these two philosophers. Mulla Sadra and Leibniz have considered the existence of evil as a necessity for the material world, in the light of which many good deeds are manifested or can be achieved.

In the Republic of Azerbaijan, which gained independence after the collapse of the USSR, the socio-political events of the last 70 years were being assessed and viewed from a completely new point of view. One of the main tasks of researchers is to consider the damage done to the national and religious values of the people during the years of Soviet power, to bring them up for public discussion, to give a scientific assessment of the ongoing processes. In general, the research topic is of particular importance from both scientific and practical points of view. Unlike other syncretic fields that study the religious life of society or the role of religion in public life, this article is based on historical documents and facts about what parameters the Bolsheviks and atheists knew about the attributes of religion and how they fought against them. In the article the forms of the struggle of the Bolsheviks with religious holidays and rituals in Azerbaijan, the peculiarities of anti-religious policy from the first years of Soviet power, are described and explained by the facts. In addition to studying religious indicators and parameters of that time, this article also shows methods and techniques for dealing with them.

Background and purpose: From the Islamic point of view, the source of all human rights is God. If God and man's relationship with God are not taken into account, no human right can be proved rationally over another. Human dignity is the turning point that in the it’ s light can be considered rights for him. Eventually he will have a right and a duty Materials and Methods: The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Ethical remarks: Ethical remarks related to the writing of texts as well as references were observed. Findings: the result of the rational study of human dignity is that From the point of view of transcendent Theosophy, the inherent dignity of human, which is embedded in the human structure, has an existential origin. So, philosophically, dignity, honor and the goodness of human existence in the universe, it is outstanding and is superior to other beings That the Holy Creator has found this attribute for human existence. Science and rationality, faith and righteous deeds are the most important components of acquired dignity in human beings. Conclusion: By examining the types of intrinsic and acquired dignity and the components of each, they can be mentioned as one of the most important ontological foundations of human rights.

The sequence of events is always either regular or chaotic. Regularity is an ordered sequence of events. In a chaotic sequence, however, such a law does not appear. This is our judgment, but from a philosophical point of view, this problem can be approached realistically. The sequence of natural numbers, the series of objects that cause and effect each other, many natural phenomena, and the limits of the set of human forces follow each other with a certain regularity. The sequence of natural numbers follows one another according to the law "n + 1". As well as it is also possible to show the formulas for the regularity of these sets, i. e. regular systems. This applies to regular systems that have both finite and infinite number of limits. However, is it possible to collect them under a certain law, as in chaotic sequences? At first glance, it seems that, as its name suggests, if a sequence is "chaotic", then there is no question of "order". But in any case, as if in any plurality, if you look closely, you can see any order, taking into account certain "signs" of the limits in this or that arrangement. In this article, we will look for a mathematical answer to such a philosophical question and try to show that there is a certain order in any chaos. In other words, no set of events in the universe is irregular. We will explain this according to Lagrange's "interpolation" formula.

Strategic partnership and alliance in modern international relations is one of the most pressing issues of the time. From this point of view, during the last thirty years of the independence of our republic, the Azerbaijani-Turkish relations have successfully developed and reached the level of strategic alliance. At present, the alliance with Turkey which play a great role in world politics means the protection of Azerbaijan's national security and sovereignty from foreign threats, in which the national and Turkish media play an important role. It is no coincidence that as a result of the joint activities of the allied press of the two allied countries, the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the context of the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan was on the agenda of the international community, and its obscurity or the establishment of the status quo in Azerbaijan did not happen. The article analyzes the friendly and fraternal relations between our countries based on ancient roots, the positive results of the development of joint relations over the years, the purposeful activities of the Azerbaijani media to strengthen allied relations between the two countries, basic analysis of media materials on the prospects of the new geopolitical situation in the South Caucasus after the 44-day war.

Islam presents itself as superior to all religions and at the same time calls itself the most perfect of the heavenly religions. According to numerous verses in the Qur'an, after the advent of Islam, all religions ceased to exist and the only “ right path” in life became the monopoly of Islam. It also completely denies the idea of religious pluralism in the sense of pluralism of Truth. This view has led to a number of bitter consequences and threats among Muslims throughout history, which is due to a number of factors, including a one-sided approach to the verses of the Qur'an, as well as a lack of comprehensive research on religious sources. Although Islam presents itself as the most perfect and superior religion, it emphasizes that members of other religions are, to a certain extent, people of salvation and salvation, and that it is necessary to treat them well. There are a number of solid foundations for the traditions of tolerance in Islam. The Qur'an, which is the foundation of Islam, also emphasizes that everyone, regardless of religion, race, color or identity, has an honor and respect in creation. With all this in mind, it is possible to mitigate and eliminate the negative consequences and threats that may arise from the pluralism of Truth.

One of the central questions in the visual art is the concept of Mimesis and the interpretation of this concept in Azerbaijani visual art. Identification of the multi-faceted “ Mimesis” on specific examples-the work of the artists of Azerbaijan in different epochs, with the prism of the evolution of the visual art and the concept of “ realism” of this time, i. e. “ Truth of Life” in its historical aspect. Relationship to the term “ imitation” since Renaissance is especially manifested from the second quarter of the twentieth century, which is obviously traced in the work of domestic artists with the middle of the twentieth century, when Mimesis and Poisis transform concepts in the subjective world of the artist, the realism, which is not Displays the objective world, does not invite the viewer in his own world, it is not necessary to look at things in the world of other prism. At first there were various directions as: cubism, futurism, suprematism, abstractionism, surrealism, etc., but after the concept of “ Mimesis” became the vision of her versatility, where the artist is more than one in his own reality, and reality expands the verge of its existence together with the viewer.

The article dedicated to the 880th anniversary of the great thinker Nizami Ganjavi provides information about the coins of the late XII century-the beginning of the XIII century based on the existing numismatic facts. The first poem of the poet, “ The Treasury of Secrets” , is dedicated to the ruler of Erzinjan, Fakhr ad-din Bahram Shah (1155-1218). His name and the highest titles, as well as the 33rd verse from the surah “ Tawbah” (Repentance) of the Holy Quran, are minted on the gold dinars and copper coins of the period of his reign. The second poem – “ Khosrov and Shirin” is dedicated to the Seljuk sultan Togrul III (1177-1194) and the Azerbaijani atabeys Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan (1175-1186) and his brother Kyzyl Arslan (1187-1191). The article describes the types of these coins minted in Azerbaijan. The third poem “ Leyli and Majnun” is dedicated to Shirvanshah I Akhsitan ibn Manuchehr (1160-1196). The article mentions the metrological data and other features of the coins minted during the reign of this ruler, who was trying to protect the independence of the Shirvan state, as well as the places where such coins were found. The fourth poem, “ Seven Beauties” , is dedicated to Ala-al-Din Korpe Arslan (1174-1208), the ruler of Maragheh. The article presents a photo of a rare copper coin engraved with the name of this ruler. The fifth poem “ Eskandar-Nameh, The book of Alexander” is dedicated to Azerbaijani atabey Abu-Bakr (1191-1211) and the ruler of Mosul melik I’ zz ud-Din (1180-1193). At present, the American Numismatic Society preserves 3 different types of gold dinars belonging to the time of Atabey Abu-Bakr (1. 54 g; 1. 75 g; 3. 65 g). Such facts, bearing the names of this ruler and Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan, allow us to determine the economic growth of Azerbaijan in the relevant period, and the copper coins of the period to determine the state of domestic trade. Thus, the article, which recreates the numismatic landscape of the period, highlights the foreign and domestic coins minted in the so-called “ silver crisis” , the mints of that period and the monetary economy. Such findings, which also help to shed light on foreign trade relations, are of interest to numismatists, economists and fine art experts. As a result, our national heritage that has survived to the present day, the numismatic landscape of the Nizami period, has been reconsidered.