Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Introduction and Aim: Conventional psychiatric therapies have shortcomings in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and have little effect on skills and community-based areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of community return program (CRP) as a community-based complementary therapy method in increasing readiness for discharge and post-discharge adjustment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The statistical population in this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was all patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in 2017. Eighty patients were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention method was CRP along with conventional psychiatric treatment in the experimental group, while patients in the control group received only conventional psychiatric treatment. The measurement tools included a demographic data form, CRP test, CRP daily Schedule, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. The frequency of patients 'aggression after discharge from the hospital was also determined and recorded at one, three, and six months after discharge from the hospital through telephone interviews with patients' families. Results: Implementation of CRP along with conventional psychiatric treatment was more effective than control group on the components of discharge readiness (discharge readiness, and awareness of disease, relapse symptoms and medication information) (p=0. 01) and coping capacity (increase ability and performance improvement, ability to daily scheduling, aggression rate (p=0. 01). Conclusion: In order to compensate for the weakness of conventional psychiatric treatment in increasing preparedness for discharge and post-discharge coping of patients with schizophrenia, non-pharmacological complementary therapies such as CRP can be used.

Introduction and Aim: Manual handling of loads is a complex dynamic task that involves the upper and lower limbs. Manual handling of loads in sports and daily activities can expose people to unfavorable physical conditions and lead to injury. The study aimed to compare the electrical activity and co-contraction of selected lower limb muscles during manual load lifting with three different techniques. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. Eighteen healthy male subjects were randomly selected (age: 26. 2±, 1. 68 years, weight: 73. 6±, 6. 56 kg, height: 176. 5±, 7. 51cm). The subjects performed the task of manual load lifting by three different techniques (Squat, Stoop and Freestyle). Electrical activity of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius medialis and tibialis anterior muscles were recorded during lifting with use of an electromyographic device. Results: The intensity of quadriceps muscle,rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis activity in stoop technique was significantly less (P=0. 012, P=0. 023, P=0. 034) and the intensity of hamstring muscle activity in stoop technique was significantly more than two other techniques (P<0. 05). Also, the general cocontraction in the stoop technique is lower than the squat (P=0. 001) and freestyle technique (P=0. 009). Extensori-flexori directional co-contraction in stoop technique was significantly lower than the two other techniques (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, the Squat technique is a better technique for manual lifting of load than the freestyle and stoop techniques, and proper use of muscles around the knee joint reduces the mechanical forces and the risk of injury to this joint.

Introduction and Aim: It is necessary to identify effective psychological therapies to improve pain in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on pain perception and pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain who were referred to hospitals, physiotherapy and orthopedic clinics in Torbat-e Jam, Iran in the summer of 2020. Among the eligible individuals who volunteered to participate in the study, 30 were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 90-minute therapy training based on acceptance and commitment therapy of Vowles & Sorrell, but the control group received routine treatment. Data collection tools included McGill Pain Questionnaire and Nicholas Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Results: The results showed acceptance and commitment based therapy significantly reduced pain perception and increased pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (P<0. 001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study emphasize the importance of acceptance and commitment based therapy in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and provide new horizons in clinical interventions. Therefore, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as complementary therapy by making a positive and appropriate change in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Introduction and Aim: In the elderly, the rate of adherence to the medication regimen and the rate of remembering how to correctly prescribe medication is low due to old age and memory loss, which leads to poor therapeutic results. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anticoagulants knowledge and adherence to treatment in elderly cardiac patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 110 elderly patients aged 60 to 89 years with atrial fibrillation admitted to the Cardiac and Intensive Care Unit of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran in 2020. The volunteers were included by available sampling method. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and Anticoagulation Knowledge Tool (AKT) was used to assess the level of anticoagulant knowledge. The reliability of the AKT was confirmed by retesting by 15 patients after one month,the correlation coefficient was 99. 4. For determination the reliability of AKT, the questionnaire was provided to cardiologists and nurses. The validity and reliability of the MMAS-8 have been proven in previous studies. Results: The mean level of anticoagulant knowledge in elderly patients was 17. 82±, 9. 36 which is in the intermediate range. The mean score of adherences to treatment in this study was 6±, 1. 54 which is in the intermediate range, too. There is a direct and significant relationship between anticoagulant knowledge and adherence to treatment (P=0. 02). Conclusion: The mean score of patients' knowledge about anticoagulants was moderate. Adherence to medication regimen and anticoagulants knowledge were higher in elderly with higher education than others. Applying training programs for the elderly in a simple and understandable way in this field can be helpful.

Introduction and Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect and persistence of neuromuscular correction programs on landing position, static and dynamic balance in athletes with Dynamic Knee Valgus defects. Methods: The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study included teenagers athletes in soccer with dynamic knee valgus deformity who were purposefully selected and randomly assigned in two groups of control (Age: 12. 50±, 0. 67 years, height: 1. 70±, 0. 06 m, weight: 56. 41±, 5. 46 kg, body mass index: 19. 49±, 1. 57 kg/m2) and training (Age: 12. 23±, 0. 59 years, height: 1. 67±, 0. 10 m, weight: 53. 07±, 8. 96 kg, body mass index: 18. 83±, 1. 54 kg/m2). Dynamic knee valgus was assessed by squat test and valgus angle and knee flexion were assessed by landing-jump test using Quinoa software. Static and dynamic balance was assessed by the Bass Stick test and Y test. After evaluating the variables in the pre-test, the subjects in the exercise group performed neuromuscular exercises for 8 weeks and the control group participated in the teamspecific physical fitness program only in this period. Results: The results in the training group showed that the neuromuscular correction program had a significant effect on variables (P≤, 0. 01) except the knee flexion angle at the end of the descent (p=0. 60). But the training results were not lasting after 1 month of untraining in variables Valgus at the moment of landing, static and dynamic balance. Also, the Bonferroni post hoc test results in variables (p≤, 0. 01) except for knee flexion angle at the end of landing (p=0. 14) showed a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Based on the results, the use of a neuromuscular correction program can be suggested as an effective program before puberty for teenage athletes in soccer with dynamic knee valgus of ankle origin.

Introduction and Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation based on future time perspective on executive functions and career meta-capacities, including career adaptability and employability in college students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods: The present study was a single-subject research with an A-B-A design. The population includes students studying at Bojnourd University in the academic years 2019 to 2021 who suffer from ADHD. The sample consisted of four students with this disorder who were selected using purposive sampling. To collect research data, Barkely’, s ADHD rating scale for adults, Barkely’, s deficit in executive functions scale, diagnostic interview form for ADHD for adults named as ACE+, Savikas’,career adaptability, and Self-Perceived Employability/ ambition Scale were used. Interventions were performed based on the Future Vision-Based Occupational Rehabilitation Protocol, which was tailored for students with ADHD and had good content validity. Data analysis was performed using in situ and inter situ analyzes. Results: All four participants show that in all three variables of career adaptability, employability, and executive functions, the Mean Difference Indices from baseline phase to intervention and intervention phase to follow-up confirmed the effectiveness of interventions. Also, the PND index from the baseline phase to the intervention and from the intervention phase to the follow-up –,except for the fourth participant in the intervention phase to follow the career adaptability variable-is calculated between 66. 66 to 100%, which indicates the acceptable effectiveness of these interventions. Conclusion: Vocational rehabilitation based on future time perspective can improve the executive functions and career meta-capacities of patients with ADHD by focusing on the future and helping them with ADHD to plan and orient towards the future.

Introduction and Aim: A nurse is a professional, efficient and effective person when she/he can implement standards of care in practice. One of these standards is the use of the nursing process. Due to the shortcomings of the nursing process evaluation method in rehabilitation patients, the training of the evaluation phase of the modified rehabilitation nursing process and the effect of its implementation on the clinical performance of nurses working in Rofiydeh Rehabilitation Hospital, were investigated. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 nurses working in 4 wards of Rofiydeh Rehabilitation Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2020 were randomly selected. Rofiydeh hospital is the first rehabilitation hospital in Iran. The evaluation phase of the modified rehabilitation nursing process was taught virtually for 3 hours. In this study, two questionnaires of demographic data and a valid and reliable questionnaire of Self-Efficacy in Clinical Performance (SECP) were used. Nurses' clinical performance self-efficacy was assessed before training and one month after the implementation of the modified rehabilitation nursing process. Results: In this study, 24 female nurses (80%) with a median age of 27. 5 years and an average work experience of 25. 6 months participated. There was a statistically significant difference in the areas of patient examination (P=0. 027), implementation of care program (P=0. 025), nursing-planning diagnoses (P=0. 034) and evaluation of care program (P=0. 005) before and after training. Conclusion: Due to the close relationship between accurate patient evaluation and self-efficacy of nurses' clinical performance, the need for training in the evaluation phase of the rehabilitation nursing process based on scientific evidence is recommended.

Introduction and Aim: Promoting self-management behaviors and controlling cognitive factors such as cognitive fusion in patients with diabetes is one of the most important goals of psychotherapy interventions and programs in these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy based on cognitive fusion and self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population included all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the diabetes clinic of Dey Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2021. Forty eligible individuals were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups (20 experimental and 20 controls). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy developed by Hayes et al. (2011), but the control group was on the waiting list. Data collection tools were cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ,Gillanders et al., 2014) and Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (Toobert & Glasgow, 1994). Results: The acceptance and commitment therapy was effective in reducing cognitive fusion (p<0. 01) and increasing self-care behaviors (p<0. 01) in patients with type 2 diabetes and these results continued in the follow-up period (p<0. 01). Conclusion: The current findings showed that the use of acceptance and commitment group therapy is associated with reduced cognitive fusion and improved self-care behaviors of patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it can be used as a complementary therapy to improve the psychological status of these patients.