JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES (TABRIZ)
Year:2002 | Volume:45 | Issue:182|Papers Count:13

The Works of Sadi comprises lots of paradox and antonymy. The use of these devices do not impede the fluencey or progress of the text but enrich it more and more. These two devices have been investigated in the progress of text and in two different levels with several examples: vocabulary and discussion. Antonymy and paradox consist of special mechanisms in the development of a text. Their creative function is visible in the domain of vocabulary and discussion Sadi has used these two devices with considerable dexterity and has bestowed meaning to both of them form the angle of form and content.

This paper is primarily concerned with explaining some basic concepts in modern linguistics, and clarifying fundamental misconceptions which people sometimes have about, these concepts. After a short introduction on Chomskys key contributions to the study of language and the study of mind, in part 2 we have argued that the most fundamental reason for studying language - and for Chomsky, the most compelling reason - is that languageis a mirror of mind. In our study three interrelated theories about language have been analysed: Theory of Language Structure, Theory of Language Acquisition and Theory of Language use. We have tried to show the attempts which have existed in understanding the general principles of organization in both language and uses of language. In Part 3 we have argued that notions such as "correctness" , "acceptability", "pragmatic anomaly" and "semantic ill-formedness" should not be confused with descriptive notion of "grammaticality". In Part 4 we have argued that why language acquisition is a creative and rule-governed activity; and the task of the linguist devising a grammar of a language is to hypothesize a finite set of phonological, syntactic, morphological and semantic rules which will generate the infinite set of well-formed sentences in language. In Part 5 we have noted that the linguist should collect a set of relevant data about well-formedness and structure, and try to devise a hypothesis about the principles governing the language.

The main purpose of this study is to examine if bilingual Turkish (Azerbaijani) speaking students would react differently from the Persian monolingual students to the 3rd language.Research on cognitive and metalinguistic abilities of bilingual children seems to lead to the conclusion that bilinguals might benefit more from having this specific learning experience. This theory thus generated the following research question & research hypothesis:Research Question: What is the effect of Bilingualism on the 3rd language learning?Research Hypothesis: Bilinguals would learn a third language in a different and more efficient way than monolinguals and this would be reflected in the learners written performance.Two groups of bilingual and monolingual participants, 10 students in each group were chosen randomly as the participants of this study. A number of grammatical judgment, translation and essay writing tests were administered after ten sessions of instruction on some aspects of language development. The results of the statistical analyses supported our hypothesis that there was significant difference between the bilinguals and monolinguals performances.This paper concludes that, in learning L3, bilinguals derive more benefit from their special learning experience of L2 language than monolinguals with the help of their better developed metalinguistic awareness.

Migration is one of the most sophisticated demographic phenomena, and the relationship between this phenomena and the process of urban sprawl and urbanization is more sophisticated by far. And ever more complicated is the process of the migrants adaptation to cities, because the urban life is not simply the settlement and living in the city, but to follow the principles which as a whole form the basis of social, economic and urban culture. The lack of familiarity of migrants, particularly rural-urban migrant with these principles, and the lack of a distinct economic and social base of migrants results in various demographic, behavioral, moral and psychological implications. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the confrontation and adaptation of migrants with the culture of the urban communities and unfamiliar urban environments in which they wish to live their lives. The paper attempts to study some cases of the process of adjustment of migrants to new environments specially to urban environments as migrants destinations. With regard to the extents of the subject and the spatial variations and cultural differences between migrants and native populations of communities and complications of the urban communities and their social problems, the study will be presented in a macro scale and some broad and general points of the adaptation of migrants of various parts of the world will be reviewed. Various stages of the migrants adaptation and the stability of their social and economic status, according to Turners Theory will be discussed and some points as a conclusion ends the paper.

This study has discussed climatologic effects of local topographic with use of linear and non linear models in Urmia lake and Aras river basins. The results of rainfall and humidity elements analysis presented by mathematical models and distinguished macroclimatic and microclimatic changes derived from vertical distributions of agroclimatic elements in mountainous area.

We Can see a lot of change in the world trade in the years after the world warII especially in the 60s, 70s, and 80s. There are a lot of Export increase both in industrial countries and in the developing ones (especially in the countries which produce crude oil). Even some of the scholars suggest that export increase is the solution for the growth of the developing countries. Cairn cross, Myint, Baldwin and Balassa Belives That developing countries should increase their export income as much as possible.

Reflective thinking, or total learning, has been emerged as an important variable in educational research related to many desirable outcomes. The brainstorming strategy has been recognized as one of the brainstovming strategy has been recognized as one of the means to achive the goal. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to explore the effects of brainstorming ntrategy on total learning as cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills on the psychology course taught in high schools. Four groups, third - grade high school students were random ly chosom. The two experimenal groups reaieved brainstoring strategy and the other two groups (control groups) were taught in traditional teaching method. The result of this study showed that the erperimental groups yielded a significantly high total learning learning tham the control groups. The practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Note one of Article 41 of Islamic Penal low (1982) does not deem the mere intention of people to commit a crime, a cause to prosecute and Panish them. The content of certain articles of Islamic penal law (1986) including Articles 511, 610 and ... imaginates Contrary to the said rule in the above mentioned note. This has caused an ambiguity in the position of Islamic Republic of Iran Legislator.In This discourse, the principle and rule referred to in the note of Article 41 has been discussed from the above mentioned point of view, and has been finally proved that the rule of non - prosecutability of the mere intention of a crime is an undisputable principle in costomary and legislated law and also from religious point of view, for which no excemption may be found, and that the cases which may be probably deemed to be an excemption, only refer to determination of penalty for the external reflections of them, and the "mere decision," is not subject to any punishment.

Islamic city concils are one of the aspects of administrative discentralization.Within this system, compared to Fedralism, The independence of local units is not the sole and indefinite issue. The central power control which is called the administrative mandate is are of this kind of relative and limited independent act. The purpose of this paper is to study the quality control over the performance of the city concils from one point and the members on the other with regard to the law of the structure,duties and election of city concils.