SPORT PHYSIOLOGY (RESEARCH ON SPORT SCIENCE)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:7

Increasing evidence has shown that genetic may play an important role in the athletic performance. Alpha Actinin- 3 is an actin-binding protein in muscular apparatus encoded by ACTN3. The polymorphism of this gene in some populations is and in some other is not related to the athletic performance. The aim of this study was to survey the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in Iranian elite athletes. METHODS: Athletes (n=148, mostly male) were recruited of regional or national competitive standard. The control group (n=175: 82 males and 93 females) was selected from the Iranian general population. The polymorphism of ACTN3 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genotype of the R577X polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene were compared among the groups using the X2 test. There was no significant difference between three genotype of XX, RX and RR between the athletes and the controls (P=0.61). There were also no significant difference between the type of the genotype of the athletes in different sports (P=0.77). In conclusion, polymorphism in ACTN3 can be used as a determining factor in athletic performance of Iranian athletes.

Studies indicated that decreased sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) can increase the risk of breast cancer and its recurrences in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the aim of current study was to clarify the effect of combination exercise training on SHBG in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Thus, 29 postmenopausal women with breast cancer that received surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy were divided in to two groups, experimental and control. Subjects of experimental group performed IS weeks combination exercise training including walking (2 sessions per week) and resistance training (2 sessions per week different from walking days). Pre and post of 15 weeks, body weight, BMI and serum SHBG levels were measured in to two groups. Data were analyzed using by ANCOVA (p<0.05). The findings of present study demonstrated that combination exercise training has significant effect on body weight, BMI and serum SHBG levels (p<0.05). In experimental group, body weight and BMI were decreased and SHBG levels were increased, after 15 weeks. In conclusion, because of elevated serum or plasma SHBG levels can reduce risk of breast cancer and its recurrences, combination exercise training during treatment can reduce recurrence of breast cancer by increased levels of SHBG.

PYY is an intestinal peptide with a critical role in food intake adjustment and energy homeostasis. However, changes in the amount of PYY and its relation with the satiety after adaptation with aerobic exercise is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic trainings on satiety and PYY amount of plasma at rest and after exhausting exercise. Twenty three male (average age 19.58±2.12 yr, BMI 21.63±2.7 kg/m2 and Weight 64.86±6.46 kg) were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The subjects of the experimental group performed aerobic trainings with the maximal heart rate intensity of 60-85% three times per week and for eight weeks. 72 hours prior to and post the eight- week aerobic trainings, the subjects performed exhausting exercise and four stages of blood sampling were taken in a non-fasted state before and after the exhausting exercise. The findings of this study indicated that aerobic trainings had no significant, meaningful effect on plasmas PYY concentration and satiety at rest state after exhausting exercise while there were significant, meaningful decreases of lactate amounts after exhausting exercise. Weight no change and also the loss of the remarkable negative equation are of possible reasons for no change in PYY and satiety after aerobic trainings. For change in satiety and PYY, it seems that the volume and intensity of trainings must be high. These two indexes are highly stable.

This study is aimed to investigate the relationship of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and cell injury indices after Vitamin-mineral supplementation and strenuous training in female elite swimmers. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four elite female swimmers volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly divided into two groups, the experimental (Vitamin-mineral supplemented) and the control (Placebo) groups. Both groups participated in monthly programs, 3 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. They swim almost 3.5 to 4 kin/d. swimmers took one pill of vitamin mineral supplements with their food. Blood sampling Vias done before and after the training period to assess inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-a, MDA and muscle injury indices, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin. The 100 m crawl records were measured at the beginning and the end of the training period. To analyze data, paired sample t test and independent t test were used. Results: Inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly in the vitamin-mineral supplemented group, the MDA also decreased, though not significantly, in this group. There was no significant change between the groups. No significant change was observed in swimming performance in either groups. some of the muscle injury indices, namely, CK and AST, decreased significantly in the vitamin-mineral-supplemented group (p=0.011 and 0.04, respectively). Inter-group comparisons showed a difference only with regard to CK (p=0.021). Conclusion: In conclusion, ROS was found to affect exercise-induced cytokine production, in which Vitamin-mineral supplementation was found to play an effective role in decreasing exercise induced cytokine production.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of glycerol supplementation after dehydration on after rapid weight loss on plasma volume, aerobic power, and percent rehydration.Materials & Methods: Nine wrestlers (Mean+SD, age, 20+1.6 yr, weight, 65+1.5 kg, height 171+3.9 cm) were Volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects lost %3 of their body weight through sauna and consumed one of the three drinks following after weight loss: A) Electrolyte -carbohydrate (Ec), B) electrolyte-carbohydrate-glycerol, (ECGL) and C) water. All physiological measurements and blood samples were taken before dehydration (weight loss), after weight loss and 16 hours after weight loss.Data were analyses using two -way repeated measures of ANOV A.Results: Data analysis revealed that plasma volume %13, and aerobic power %8 decreased significantly following dehydration in all groups. After rehydration, ECGL consumption results in more effective than the other two trials.Conclusion: Since ECGL could accelerate recovery after dehydration induced by sauna, therefore, this supplement can be useful for referring of physiological and functional capacities of athletes to the base line.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (pcoS) is an endocrine disease that related to several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. life style modifications are successfully applied to treat women with polycystic ovary syndrome.111e aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 3- month exercise training program on luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH) and ovarian morphology in young peas females.twelve young femeles with peas (age 22 yr, BMI: 26.89 kg/m2, Vo2max: 28.60 ml/kg/min).under took aerobic exercise with 70%-75% HRR, 30 min and 3 times a week ergometer. ovarian volume and semm concentrations of LH and FSH were measured before and after 3-month structured exercise training program. A significant reduction in LH levels and ovarian volume and significant improvement in Vo2max. no significant differences in FSH levels and LH/FSH ratio have been observed (P value<0.05). The results showed that 3 - month exercise training program lead to changes significant ovarian volume and LH levels in peas patients.

Delayed onset muscle soreness often occurs after exercise or unaccustomed activity and obliges an athlete to give up exercise for some time. Finding a safe and simple solution to prevent or treat it, is one of the main concerns of coaches and researches. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of acute consumption of ginger extract on delayed onset muscle soreness after one session eccentric exercise in female non-athlete students. To do so, 45 volunteer subjects (age 22.02±2.48 yrs, height 159.3±5.67 cm, weight 57.14±8, BMI 22.55±2.99 kg/m2) were divided into 3 groups randomly, on the basis of: consumption of ginger 1 hour before exercise (group A), consumption of ginger immediately after exercise (group B) and control group (placebo). The exercise protocol consisted of a 20 minute step test divided into 4 stages (each lasting 5 minutes with 1 minute rest at the end of each stage) at a rate of 15 steps per minute. Blood samples were taken before, I, 24 and 48 hours after exercise to assay creatin kinase (CK) and interleukin-6(IL-6). Muscle pain scores were recorded using a visual analog scale (VAS) at mentioned times. The results demonstrated a significant difference between group A and B and control group in changes of IL-6 values (p= 0.04). There was also a meaningful difference in changes of CK among other groups (p= 0.01). The difference between control group and other groups was meaningful too (p=0.032). Furthermore, consumption of ginger before and after exercise had no significant effect on muscle pains (p=0.12). Based on the findings of the present study, it may be argued that in order to prevent the increase in IL-6 and CK levels, ginger consumption is recommended before doing exercise (prevention) rather than after exercising (therapy).