Ebnesina
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 (58)|Papers Count:9

Background: Nursing is known as a profession with a high level of stress. This occupational stress has an adverse effect on the health and abilities of nurses in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the occupational stressors among nurses of a military hospital.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among the nurses of a military hospital selected by census sampling in 2016. Data were collected by the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) questionnaire. Then, the analyses were performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS software.Results: The findings showed that 70.23% of nurses had a moderate stress level. Psychological factors, physical factors, and social working environment were identified, respectively, as stressors among nurses. The absence of physician in an emergency situation has been reported as the most influential statement of occupational stress among this group. It is necessary to mention that occupational stress level of nurses had a significant relationship with work experience (p=0.030) and wards of hospital (p=0.001).Conclusion: In summary, with full recognition of occupational stressors, managers can provide a background of preventing burnout and promoting the health among nurses.

Background: Professional burnout, as a psychological state, is converted to one of the most important factors in reducing the efficiency and productivity of employees that results in a mental disability in them. There are several factors that are influential on and also impressionable of job burnout that should be considered. Therefore, this study was performed to explain the causal model of employees' job burnout.Materials and methods: This research was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 15 human resource experts employed in a military organization and selected by a purposive method in 2015 in Mazandaran province, Iran. The paired comparisons questionnaires were used for gathering research data and the statistical powerful techniques (Fuzzy-DEMATEL) were used to analyze the data.Results: According to the results of Fuzzy-DEMATEL technique for ranking the importance of variables based on the values (di+rj), the organizational trust (9.064) and organizational culture (7.751) were the most and least important variable, respectively. On the other hand, the results of ranking the influential variables based on the values (di-rj) revealed that the Islamic ethics (0.732) and job burnout (-0.922) were the most influential and impressionable variables, respectively.Conclusion: In generally, due to the causal influence of studied variables on employees' job burnout, managers could improve the present situation of job burnout in employees by focusing and improving on the studied variables. This can be a big step in achieving organizational goals.

Background: Mental health is one of the main components of positive psychology movement that plays an important role in physical health, mental health, life satisfaction, and successful marriage. Also, its increase in distress and crisis in couple's relationships can be considered as a positive achievement in couple therapy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of integrative behavioral couple therapy and behavioral systems couple therapy in increasing the mental health of couples.Materials and methods: This was a quasi-experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design and repeated measures. The statistical society was formed of couples who referred to four psychological counseling in Tehran. In this study, 24 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Ryff's psychological well-being questionnaire included 84 questions with six sub-scales was used for data gathering. These data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics indexes, mixed model analysis of covariance, and also multivariable analysis.Results: The findings showed that compared to behavioral systems couple therapy, integrative behavioral couples therapy had a greater impact on increasing self-acceptance, personal growth, and environmental mastery (components of mental health).Conclusion: In healthy interpersonal relationships, especially marriage, it is required that couples increased their sense of control over the environment with having a positive attitude to themselves and their past lives. It will help them to achieve new experiences as a human with effective potential.

Background: In recent years, there was a great desire to consume nutritional supplements of antioxidants in order to inhibit the damaging effects of oxidative stresses. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate total phenol, total antioxidant capacity, and scavenging of free radicals in the methanol extracts of seed, skin, and hull of peanut.Materials and methods: In this work, Folin, FRAP, and DPPH methods were used to assess the amount of total phenol, total antioxidant capacity, and free radicals scavenging activity, respectively. The results were analyzed with ANOVA statistical analysis and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: The mean value for total phenol and total antioxidant capacity in skin was significantly higher than the hull and seed. Also, these amounts were higher in the hull than those in the seed. Our findings showed that the scavenging activity of free radicals in skin was significantly higher than that of both hull and seed, but there was no statistical difference between seed and hull.Conclusion: It seems that hull and skin of peanut, as waste products, contain considerable quantities of antioxidant compounds.

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries are common during basic military training, but there is little information on their risk factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries among Iranian cadets undergoing basic combat training.Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 157 cadets in Isfahan. All subjects were evaluated prior to onset of training. Navicular drop, quadriceps (Q) angle, body mass index, and hamstring flexibility were measured in cadets. Also, musculoskeletal injuries occurred during a 7-month period of basic combat training was prospectively recorded.Results: At least one musculoskeletal injury was suffered by 40% of the cadets during the study period. The results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with large amounts of navicular drop (OR= 4.16; p=0.038) and Q angel (OR= 1.79; p=0.001), as well as low straight leg raising test (OR= 0.08; p=0.001) were exposed to higher risk of musculoskeletal injuries. The cut-off points of 0.6 cm and 13.5° were used for navicular drop and Q angle, respectively. This means that students with navicular drop greater than 0.6 cm and Q angel greater than 13.5° had 2.07 and 2.14 times more chances of extremity injury.Conclusion: These findings showed that multiple anatomic measures such as Q angle and navicular drop can be used to predict cadets at risk for musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, it is recommended that these indicators be evaluated before accepting cadets.

Background: Aging is associated with low-grade inflammation and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The benefits of regular exercise for well-being in elderly are well established. However, fewer studies have been done about the impact of circuit combined training (CCT) (resistance and endurance) on pro-inflammatory factors associated with vascular function in elderly women.Materials and methods: Subjects were 24 healthy women (age: 73.95±5.06 years, height: 154.26±6.47 cm, weight: 66.13±9.87 kg, BMI: 27.76±3.27 kg/m2) living in nursing homes. They were divided into two groups, including experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Experimental group participated 12 weeks of CCT protocol. Anthropometric indices, flow mediated dilation (FMD), IL-6, IL-1b, and TNF-a were measured before and after the training program.Results: The analysis of covariance showed a significant reduction in IL-6 (p=0.001), IL-1b (p=0.001), and TNF-a (p=0.000), and a significant increase in FMD (p=0.001), in the experimental group compared to the control after the training program. In Pearson's correlation coefficient test, a non-significant indirect relationship was observed between FMD and three factors of IL-6 (r= -0.26, p=0.41), IL-1b (r= -0.37, p=0.23), and TNF-a (r= -0.17, p=0.59).Conclusion: In summary, the results indicated that 12 weeks of CCT is effective on pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with vascular function in old women aged 70 - 80 years. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines showed an indirect and weak relationship with vascular function in old women. So, we can probably say that vascular function can improve clinically with a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines clinically after CCT protocol in old women. However, further researches are required.

Background: Given the great importance of military service, it seems necessary to investigate the quality of life in soldiers. This study aimed to assess quality of life among the soldiers of a military unit in Bandar Abbas city, Iran.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 247 randomly selected soldiers of a military unit in Bandar Abbas city. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and a standard quality of life questionnaire (SF 36). Analysis of data was done using SPSS through chi-square tests, variance analysis, and the odds ratios.Results: The mean age of participated soldiers was 23±3.057. The mean quality of life in physical and psychological dimensions was 59.35 and 43.70, respectively. It was observed a significant statistical difference between the quality of life in physical dimension with psychological dimension (p<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated low quality of life in psychological dimension among soldiers. Therefore, it is suggested that intervention programs were implemented to improve the quality of life in soldiers.

Background: Annually, accidents lead to mortality and morbidity in millions of people. Disaster preparedness and relief efforts after the accidents can minimize the risk of adverse effects. The aim of this study was to review the dimensions of first aid and transport for the injured people in accidents and natural disasters.Materials and methods: This was a descriptive review. Studies were identified by searching in literature and electronic resources and database from 2000 to 2015, with keywords disaster and events, casualties, patient, relief and transport, dimensions.Results: The transport process in the events has various aspects. The most important of those were type of accident, accident location, severity and extent of the accident, the condition of victims, the number of victims, specialist human resources for treatment, medical equipment, facilities and delivery vehicles, the transport team, security of transportation, and finally transport management, triage, planning, coordination and cooperation between the parts.Conclusion: Generally, for goals such as saving the lives of victims, immediate access to specialized diagnosis and treatment, reduction of side-effects and risk for transport, and favorable response to organizational and national needs, it is necessary to consider all aspects of the transport in details.