Ebnesina
Year:2014 | Volume:15 | Issue:4 (45)|Papers Count:8

Background: Zinc has several positive effects on the immune system's defense against infectious agents. However, very little research has been done on its effects in terms of microgravity.Materials and methods: In this study, 24 rats randomly selected for four groups, two groups microgravity simulation (TS) and two groups of normal gravity (F) which were supply with or without oral zinc supplements. After two weeks, Enteropathogenic E.coli peritoneal injection was carried out and after 24 hours specimens of blood, peritoneal fluid, and spleen tissue were cultured. The statistical analysis was performed on tables provide the number of grown colonies.Results: TS groups compared to the F groups had greater numbers of colonies (p≤0.05). It was observed that adding supplemental zinc to the diet either in TS or F groups would reduce the number of colonies grown in cultures of blood, peritoneal fluid, and spleen.Conclusion: The present study revealed the extent of bacterial infection in microgravity is over the normal gravity mode. The administration of oral zinc supplementation, in both microgravity and normal gravity, leads to reduce the bacterial infection. As a result, the use of oral zinc supplement is recommended for reducing and controlling bacterial infection in space travel.

Background: Resistance training is one of the most essential components of exercise programs. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of blood flow restricted resistance (BFR) training on serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).Materials and methods: A total of 30 healthy young men (aged 19-24 yrs) were volunteered for this study. Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups: a low intensity blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFR) group (20% of 1-RM, 3 sets 15 reps), a traditional high intensity resistance exercise without blood flow restriction (HI) group (3 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of 1-RM) and a control group. Both BFR and HI groups trained 3 days per week for 3 weeks for knee extension and squat exercises. Fasting growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 levels were measured in the morning pre- and post- exercise sessions. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA in the level of p<0.05.Results: GH and IGF-1 significantly increased in post exercise in BFR group compared to baseline (P<0.05). GH significantly increased in post exercise in HI group compared to baseline (P<0.05). After 3 weeks, serum GH and IGF-1 levels increased significantly in BFR group compared to HI and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, short term BFR exercise stimulated increases in anabolic hormones in young men.

Background: Protections of individual and collective is the first step defense against contamination by chemical agents. This study was designed to compare the effect of conventional and simulation training on nursing students’ knowledge in Personal protection in chemical attacks.Materials and methods: In this training trial study, 78 nursing students from AJA University of Medical Sciences were selected and allocated randomly to two groups of simulation and conventional education. Data collection included a researcher-made questionnaire which was completed by nursing students before and two weeks after education. Its validity was determined by content validity method and its reliability by test/retest. Data was analyzed using descriptive and interpretive statistical methods by SPSS software.Results: Knowledge scores means in the two methods of simulation and conventional education increased from 22.67 and 21.95 (P=0.204) before education to 26.22 and 26.31 (P=0.846) after education. Mean scores of knowledge in the two methods significantly increased after education (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two methods concerning knowledge scores means.Conclusion: The present study showed that education is necessary for increasing knowledge, but there was no significant difference between the two methods concerning knowledge scores means in personal protection in chemical attacks.

Background: Mental disorders are one of most common reason for early separation of soldiers from the military service. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of self-mutilation and personality disorder among soldiers.Materials and methods: In this case-control study, 30 soldiers referred to an army psychiatric hospital (cases) and 30 soldiers referred to another military health center (controls) were evaluated for personality disorders by clinical interviews on the basis of DSM-IV criteria. The frequency of self-mutilation and personality disorders were then analyzed by SPSS statistical software.Results: Totally, 63.3% of case group and 6.7% of control group had history of self-mutilation. The frequency of personality disorders was 56.7% and 20% in cases and controls, respectively. In case group, 78.9% and 18.2% of patients, respectively, with and without a history of self-mutilation, had cluster B personality disorder (P=0.002). This difference remain significant among control group (P=0.003).Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between self-mutilation with cluster B personality and impulsivity of these personalities, detection and preventive treatment of patients or exempt in severe cases prior to entering military service may be useful for reducing the incidence of self-mutilation and suicide.

Background: Health information management system has an irrefutable role in raising quality level of treatment and health care. The aim of this study was to compare health information management system in physical medicine clinic of a military hospital and civilian university hospitals in Tehran city.Materials and methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The check lists were revised through study in library and hospital information services. A pilot study was performed in a sample hospital to find out the problems of the check lists and then they were distributed among research subjects. Simple random method was carried out in 200 selection patient cases.Results: Findings indicated that the relative frequency of recording information elements present in outpatient cases referring to physical medicine clinic was 71% in military hospital and 69%, 65%, and 50% in other hospitals. Also, the rate of facilities (human resources, place, equipment, and process) was 47% in military hospital and 79%, 58%, and 21% in other hospitals.Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the health information management system facilities, presence of skilled medical record technicians as receptionists, archive and coding disease and fulltime manager is necessary in these clinics. Separated and independent place for reception and archive unit are also required. Equipment (including software and hardware) should be supplied for data entry, data process, and data analysis. It needs to be considered in instructions for documenting and duties of admission unit, archives unit, and director in these clinics.

Background: Achieving to peak performance and reaction time (RT) is the most important aim of artists, athletes, military personnel and every one whose job needs delicacy. Neurofeedback is one of the new ways which is used by sport psychologist in order to attaining the peak performance. This study aimed to investigate the influence of (sensori motor rhythm: 12-15 Hz) SMR neurofeedback training on peak performance and RT of individuals with difficult jobs.Materials and methods: The research project was experimental and 36 volunteers were randomly divided in three groups, experimental group (real neurofeedback), placebo (virtual neurofeedback) and control group. As far as our volunteers were from various groups, they were put in a same situation (playing table tennis) for evaluating their peak performance. All groups were evaluated in table tennis performance and RT. Then, the experimental intervention was performed. All participating groups were trained for table tennis for 20 sessions and the experimental group as well as the placebo got the neurofeedback training and table tennis training simultaneously. All three groups participated in the post-test in the middle and at the end of the study. All the data were analyzed by repeated measurements, multivariate/ analysis of variance by subtracting the pre-test post-test in order to examine the hypothesis.Results: Results of data analysis have shown that SMR training influenced on performance and RT of participants in a special task.Conclusion: Neurofeedback training can improve trainers’ performance. For this reason, it can be used for achieving peak performance and decrease RT in athletes.

Background: Pain among patients is prevalent and often remains untreated. On the other hand, given that military medicine is one of the main tasks of the Armed Forces Health, pain relief for battlefield wounded soldiers with non-narcotic medications or replacing the current narcotics with an effective non-addictive drug is necessary. The aim of this study was todetermine the effect of inhaled methoxyflurane (PenthroxÒ) on pain control of injured patients and comparison it with injection of pethidine/morphine.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 71 wounded patients were included who were admitted to Nezaja hospitals in Tehran in 2009. To compare the effectiveness of medications standard pain scale (McGill) was used. Descriptive and comparison analyses were performed for data analysis.Results: Totally, pain was treated with pethidine/morphine and penthroxÒ with in 41 and 30 patients, respectively. The results strongly indicate that penthroxÒ can easily be used for conscious injured battlefield patients without significant complications, but it had no a great help for their pain relief. In contrast, pethidine/morphine significantly reduced the pain of wounded patients.Conclusion: PenthroxÒ may not be an alternative to pethidine/morphine for pain relief among battlefield Wounded soldiers.

The term “Military Dentistry” always stirs people's curiosity, whilemilitary dentistry does not differ much from the discipline of dentistry. This field is the same as the science of dentistry that places in specific situations and locations of military. So, for the welfare of the troops, it should have certain characteristics that are coordinated with the purposes of this group of society. Type of patients, equipment and planning for education in this special group are different from other segments of society. Also, this field requires certain individuals as military dentists, and people also teach them should have special conditions In this review, it has been tried to clarify the importance of military dentistry. In our country, in order to develop this important branch of the discipline of military medicine, the cooperation of all professionals and researchers in this field is mandatory.