Financial Economics
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:19|Papers Count:8

Rail service is a matter of Iran's transportation system over the past decade more attention to this sector. However, the optimization of cost in the supply of the services has always been disputed, and the updated or promotion prices in recent months has been much criticized. The present study examined the effects of price promotion cost and qualitative factors on the demand of the public.There was progress on the demand for short-term prices and higher demand during the course of the past tends. The Price of Progress Rail Services due to increasing energy costs and other production costs, reduction in demand up. External factors and exchange rate fluctuations unknown transient and may cause the price of supply and demand for rail services will increase rapidly over the past.

In this paper, we investigate volatility of gold coin futures and spot prices and also probe to model the fluctuations and conditional variance of coin market returns. The data consist of daily market prices of futures and spot gold coin over the 1390 – 1391 period. Since volatility clustering is viewed in time series of returns, we employ ARCH (Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) methodology in order to model the variance of returns. The results suggest that E GARCH is the best choice among other models of the ARCH family. The fluctuations are influenced by World prices for Gold, exchange rate and Stock Index. the spot price of gold coin (the day before), returns of exchange rate, Stock Index and returns of World gold prices predicted have the greatest impact on the conditional variance.

This research examines the uncertainty effects of oil revenues with concerning of another determinant and empirical factors on private saving rates in the members of OPEC, during the 1990 – 2010 period. We find that private saving rate is sensitive to oil revenue, inflation rate, interest rate and term of trade. the evidence shows that oil revenue uncertainty has positive but inconsiderable impact on private saving in chosen countries. Inflation rate and interest rate have negative effects on private saving rate. Term of trade has positive effect on private saving.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between money supply, inflation and economic growth in Iran. By applying an econometric technique of Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL), it uses annual data over the period of 1979 -2010.The results of this study demonstrate that increasing the money supply has a positive and significant effect on inflation rate whilst increasing gross domestic product has negative and significant effect on inflation in Iran. The findings of long term estimation also emphasize that, the money supply has a 4.7 percent on inflation whilst, GDP growth has a negative impact on general price level. This means that, growth of GDP can lead to decreasing inflation. The results of the ECM test also indicate that, short term disequilibrium in inflation can be adjusted in more than 2 years.

The purpose of this research is studying the effects of ICT indexes on labor productivity in Markazi industries. Also, the effect of human capital and stocks has been investigated. Theoretically, two factors, human force and available stock have essential role in productivity growth. In this study four model are studied that through four model, the third model-industrial firms index -which computer is used in it, selected as a suitable model. The results show ICT has positive effect on labor productivity. On the other hand, human capital is among important, effective and complementary variable for acceptation the impact of ICT on productivity labor in industries of Markazi province. Because, the ability of workforce to be more, they have more ability in implementing and accepting of new technology. Also capital has positive and significant effect on human productivity that the greatest impact is related to this variable, that shows the more educated workforce of firms and organization are labor productivity is also increased.

During recent years, unemployment rate of university graduates is increasing rapidly. A solution to reduce the unemployment rate of skilled labor is the development of high-tech industries that are skill-intensive. Consequently, the significance of recognizing the factors that can have influence on employment in such industries is undeniable. In this regard, in present study, the relationship between the development of exporting and increasing in employment is investigated. We have applied a dynamic model of labor demand to analyze of data. According to this model, employment in current period follows delayed employment, export, value added, real wage, real cost of using capital, capital per capita, research and development stock. In this study, GMM method is used to estimate model. The result of model’s estimation revealed that delayed employment, added value, exporting and research and development stock have positive influences on employment, while real wage, real cost of capital and capital per capita have negative impacts on it. Therefore, the research hypothesis was confirmed that exports have positive impact on employment. Finally, some recommendations are proposed based on the results of the research.

One of the most fundamental challenges to Iran's economic outlook is Globalization In order to have a competitive industry for Economy is inevitable. Seems to be crucial in achieving the objectives of the action plan to improve the business environment and competitiveness of the country.On the other hand there is a high unemployment rate in the country and get rid of it, it is necessary to strengthen the supply side of the economy; According to the rules cumbersome, difficult to establish in business, investment and production support facilities, non-productive activities used in the development and application of the general price level is rising. The importance of investing in developing countries more than developed countries as in developing countries to improve the business climate and job creation is the driver of economic growth, investors are lacking.This paper examines the relationship between the improvement of the business environment of Iran in comparison with other countries and economic development deals. Thus, when using panel data over the period 1384 - 1390 will be discussed in this review. Results show significant and positive relationship between improvement in the business environment and economic growth in the countries studied have.

In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to optimize Markowitz portfolio based on different risk measurement criteria, namely, mean-variance, semi-variance and mean absolute deviation considering constraints of real markets such as "fixed stock numbers" and "cardinality constraints". To investigate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, the data obtained from 186 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange in duration of Tir of 1385 until Tir of 1390 are used. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of PSO as a promising method in calculating appropriate constraint of Markowitz based on different definitions of risk measurement.