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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    85-94
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    158
  • Downloads: 

    124
Abstract: 

The capability of complementary capacitively-loaded-loop (CCLL) inspired metamaterial (MTM) to miniaturize printed patch antenna is examined. The cell etched at the antenna ground plane. The antenna is comprised of three main sections: CCLL cell, shorting pins, and a patch with the overall dimensions of 50×25 mm2. It is shown that the MTM structure exhibits a magneto-dielectric behavior at the lower frequencies. With the aid of the effective material, a miniaturized printed patch antenna operates at 650 MHz has been achieved. In some frequency bands, the MTM structure efficiently provides an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC). This later feature helps to achieve efficient multi-band operation and the antenna can cover the required frequency band of the most commercial wireless communication systems, such as LTE 2500/2600 (2480 to 2730 MHz), radiolocation service (2890 to 3110 MHz) and LTE 3500/3700, WLAN 3600 (3640 to 3880 MHz). In order to validate the simulation results, a prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is obtained.

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Author(s): 

Ramezani Esmaeil

Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    105-109
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    183
  • Downloads: 

    137
Abstract: 

In this paper, we study the estimation of the spatially sparse radio emitter locations via the proposed Quad-tree variational Bayesian expectation maximization (QVBEM) algorithm. Firstly, we assume that the emitters are approximately lie on a uniform grid points in the region under surveillance. The VBEM algorithm is applied and the points exceeding the threshold level are considered as potential targets. Then, the grids are refined around the potential targets via the Quad-tree algorithm and the process is iterated. It allows us to find the location of sparse emitters with much less computational complexity due to the use of fewer grid points. Simulation results show the superiority of the QVBEM to existing methods. The impact of threshold value on the performance of QVBEM is also studied.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    95-104
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    182
  • Downloads: 

    201
Abstract: 

This paper presents a compact printed dual-band dual-polarized slot antenna. The antenna is comprised of three main sections: coupled-fed, two cells of complementary capacitively-loaded loop-inspired metamaterial (CCLL-MTMs), and a slot with an overall size of 29. 4×39. 2 mm2. It is shown that the CCLL-MTM structure exhibits a magneto-dielectric behavior with an effective lowfrequency epsilon-negative (ENG) medium. The effective ENG material leads to a miniature printed slot antenna and a low-frequency band of 1900 MHz has been achieved. At the higher frequencies, it behaves as a magnetic material, which helps to match the antenna through a broadband frequency range. An operating band of 4750 to 5730 MHz is observed. The electric field of resonating CCLLMTM cells and the original slot are perpendiculars, thus each band supports only a single horizontal/vertical polarization. In order to validate the simulation results, a prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is obtained.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    5-16
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    630
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of acoustic source is including the main bases environmental surveillance in an environment. DOA acoustic means calculated to enter acoustic wave emitted by the source in microphone array that is provided different methods for this issue. In this paper, a method is proposed that based on the delay of the time of entering the discontinuous sound signal into the microphone array. The proposed algorithm has, in addition to accuracy, adaptability by changing the microphone arrangement. In the proposed algorithm, proportional to the microphone arrangement, the time delay matrix between the arrays of the microphones in a three-dimensional space is simulated with the assumption of the deployment of the source in 500 meters with the SRP-PHAT algorithm. By forming this matrix, the direction of the discontinuous sound sources in the real environment is performed with the accuracy of the simulator matrix. In this simplification is decreases the computational complexity and DOA is adaptive to change the type of microphone arrangement. Also, this algorithm, which is an smart SRP-PHAT algorithm, has been compared with the standard SRP-PHAT algorithm. The results of the proposed algorithm of the designed system are compared in environmental tests with simulation results and various references. The results indicate a precision of 0. 1 degrees in the DOA of the discontinuous sound sources.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    17-24
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    903
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

This paper presents a new extended high-efficiency range Doherty amplifier. This amplifier uses a main and only a single auxiliary amplifier. In order to increase efficiency and extend the output high-efficiency range, asymmetrical cells are employed as the main and auxiliary amplifiers in class-F harmonic termination complex combining load (CCL) methodology. To verify the proposed methodology, a Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) with 12 dB output back-off (OBO) is designed and fabricated for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) applications. Large signal continuous wave measurement results show the power gain of about 10. 9 dB with a drain efficiency of 66 % at 12 dB of OBO. A two-tone test exhibits a third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD) of lower than-21. 5 dBc. Modulated wave measurements show over 56. 5 % of average drain efficiency and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of lower than-26. 5 dBc at an output power level of 31. 5 dBm.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    25-38
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    604
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In recent years, a new branch of telecommunication named Molecular Communication is created due to the developing of science in nano fields. Comparing Molecular Communication and conventional communication based on radio frequency, we should notice that the aim of both is sending and receiving data but in fact, there is no similarity between them. As it can be observed of name, Molecular Communication, this kind of communication has many similarities to biological processes in nature. Molecular Communication is interdisciplinary which uses a variety of science such as communication systems engineering, biomedical engineering and nanotechnology. This type of telecommunication is used to send and receive messages at nano and micro scales. In Molecular communication, molecules are used to transfer messages. In this study, the static scenario in Molecular Communication is investigated. Engineering aspects in Molecular Communication is one of the main goals of this study that introduces a variety of modulation techniques, diffusion channel models and inter symbol interference. The effect of inter symbol interference and ways of coping with it, is presented using an adaptive method. The bit error rate criterion is also used to evaluate the efficiency of this method.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    39-50
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    572
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

It has been shown over several decades of radar research that the exploitation of diversity in a number of domains such as space, frequency, time, polarization, and, recently, waveform can provide increased agility, flexibility, reliability, and capabilities to the radar system. However this is often achieved either through efforts in system design, increased hardware complexity, or by employing additional resources. In the frequency diverse array (FDA) the subsequent antenna elements are fed with stepped discrete frequencies. So a range-angle dependent radiation pattern is made possible. It is possible to apply different frequencies with different patterns to the elements of FDA to achieve different radiation pattern. In this paper, a frequency diverse array with non-uniform inter-element frequency offset called quadratic-FDA has been proposed, that its variation is a function of physical distance of elements from the first element. To produce the coefficient of the frequency offset two Frequency offset generators has been proposed. In The first proposed method uses linear distance as a input of function and the second one uses multiples of the roots of the Chebyshev polynomial. The proposed strategy provides a non-periodic beampattern, with a maximum that can be steered in space by selecting appropriate excitation weights of the antennas. This single-maximum beampattern, in contrast to multiple-maxima beampattern of the other forms of FDA, can help to further reject range-dependent interferences, causing improved SINR and increased detectability.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    51-62
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    922
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Wireless sensor networks are the most used networks in various industries. There are usually some limitations for using them in practice, because of the limitation of battery capacity and lack of useful lifetime. Hence, in this study we present an energy efficiency optimization algorithm including clustering, routing and compression methods to increase the lifetime of sensor nodes. In the proposed algorithm, all nodes use solar energy harvesting, where at first we determine the weights of each node in certain areas of the network to form the clusters. After selecting the members of each cluster and forming clusters, the information that received by each cluster-head is aggregated and the volume of this information is reduced using a compression algorithm. Then, the compressed information is transmitted to the base station by a combination routing method. In conclusion, simulation results show the average remaining energy of the sensor and the number of live nodes in the proposed algorithm has significantly improved compared to that associated with the NEEC algorithm.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    63-74
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    575
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In the recent years, many different multi-port converters have been proposed for multi-source multi-load applications in order to improve the features of a hybrid system such as cost, size, efficiency and life time. This paper surveys and develops a capacitor-less three-port converter which has been presented to eliminate the bulk capacitor in common DC bus. In this paper, several switching approaches are proposed for this converter and implementation methods of them are described and evaluated. In addition, considering constant voltage in one of the ports, a small signal model is extracted for the converter which has five state variables due to existence of two capacitors and three inductors. In order to control different port independently, using an innovative method, the converter outputs are decoupled. Finally, a control system based on magnitude optimization is presented for the converter. Simulation results are used to verify the validity and the performance of the proposed approaches and analysis's.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    75-84
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    475
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Authenticated encryption schemes provide both confidentiality and integrity services simultaneously. To design such schemes, the CAESAR competition was being held with six winners. One of the criteria for evaluation theses ciphers, besides general security, is the security against side-channel attacks, which has been studied less so far. The OCB authenticated cipher, one of the CAESAR’ s winners, has special security properties such as a tweakable block cipher based construction that makes the side-channel attacks challenging. In this paper, for the first time, a 7-stage correlation power analysis (CPA) attack on nonce processing time is presented to indicate its vulnerability. For this purpose, OCB cipher is implemented on a SAKURA-G board. By measuring and collecting the power traces on S-box, a successful CPA attack with a zero-value power model is mounted and all bytes of the key are recovered.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    111-122
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    741
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Due to the energy storage cells low voltage, such as batteries and super-capacitors, it is often necessary to connect them in series to form a string. Generally, these components are sensitive to over-voltage. Also, due to the inevitable differences in these devices, their charging and discharging processes cause their voltages to be different. This problem leads to inappropriate use of capacity, short life time, and even explosion. To overcome these problems and also to achieve safe and economic operation of these storage devices, employing voltage equalizer converters is necessary, in practice. The proposed converter can overcome the above-mentioned problems and it has less components than the conventional voltage equalizers, smaller dimensions, and lower cost. It operates at a fixed switching frequency under soft switching conditions without any feedback circuit and transformer. Therefore, it is more economic than the conventional voltage equalizers. Here, simulations and analysis of the different operating modes of the converter are given for four series connected lithium-ion batteries. To verify the given analysis and simulations, its prototype has been tested under different conditions. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analysis and simulation results, as well. The batteries voltages maximum differences in simulations and in practice are less than 5 and 10 mV, respectively, which indicate proper circuit operation.

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Journal: 

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    123-131
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1271
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Study of electron injection materials is one of the most important steps in obtaining high efficient and low driving voltage in organic light – emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this article, we simulated OLED devices with structure of ITO/PEDOT: PSS/PH-PPV/EIL/Al in Atlas Silvaco in which, NaSt, Al2O3 and TiO2 are used as electron injection layer (EIL). The OLED with Al2O3 exhibited higher current density, higher luminance (13550 cd/m2), lower driving voltage (2. 3V) and lower operating voltage (4. 05V) compared to the two other structures. The reason is greater electric field (about 2. 4 times greater than that of two other structures) due to much more difference between work function of the device with Al2O3 and electron affinity of PH-PPV, causing improvement of charge carrier injection. Furthermore, recombination almost occurs in the middle of the light emission layer. However, the OLED that employs TiO2 as electron injection layer, showed the highest external efficiency due to increase in radiation recombination rate in comparison with other recombination mechanisms in the light emission layer.

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