Plant Production Technology
Year:2011 | Volume:11 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is a well-known species in the Genus Hypericum and the plant is widely used as an herbal drug for the treatment of mild to moderate depression disease. The present study was aimed to evaluate ten populations of H. perforatum using agro-morphological characteristics and some composition of essential oil. The main constituent of essential oil composition in this study was a- pinene, 2- methyl octane, delta-cadinene and g-cadinene. The result showed the high and significant correlation coefficients among the most of measured characters including positive correlation between leaf area with inflorescence internode spaces (r= 0.771), plant width with inflorescence length (r= 0.894) and delta-cadinene with E-cariophyllene (r= 0.739). There was a negative correlation between length/width capsule with flower number in primary inflorescence (r= -0.8) and secondary inflorescence branches (r= 0.887). The result of factor analyses showed that seven independent and major factors, explain 95.47% of variation of all data and some traits such as inflorescence length, number of flower in main inflorescence, leaf area and length were attributed to main factors. This study showed that the highest number of flower was observed in the plants originated from Galogah region.

This study is aimed to investigate the effects of kaolin and gibberellic acid on sunburn and quality of pomegranate fruit cv 'Rabab Neiriz'. Kaolin was applied on branches and fruits at two concentrations, 2.5 and 5 percent, followed by two monthly replications. Gibberellin was applied as another treatment at 150 mg/l at same time of first application of kaolin. Results indicated that application of kaolin at 5 percent significantly increased fruit and aril size, and reduced fruit skin thickness. However, application of kaolin in both concentrations and gibberellic acid showed a significant increase in aril water content. Anthocyanin content of aril reduced in fruits treated by 5 percent of kaolin. Gibberellic acid prevents sunburn intensity and percentage in comparison to those of control. The lowest rate of sunburn intensity and percentage was observed in kaolin treated fruits and there was no significant differences between 2.5 and 5 percent of it. As a conclusion, Kaolin is an effective treatment for reducing sunburn and increasing fruit quality in pomegranate fruit.

This study was carried out for shoot regeneration and proliferation of three strawberry cultivars runner tip. Sterile runner tips’ having terminal buds (4-5 mm) of Kurdistan, Parose and Camarosa cultivars were cultured onto MS media with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) of benzyl adenine (BA) alone or supplemented with IBA (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l) growth regulator for the above purpose. The type and concentration of growth regulators and cultivar were found critical to shoot regeneration. The highest response of shoot multiplication was obtained in MS containing 1 mg/l BA + 0.25 mg/l IBA. This combination yielded the highest shoot number and percent of regeneration from Kurdistan (13.13 shoots and 92.33% regeneration), Parose (10.76 shoots and 89.33% regeneration) and Camarosa (12.15 and 80.16%) cultivars. For proliferation, four-week-old shoots were removed from the culture, and subcultured on MS basal medium supplemented with various levels of BA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) alone or in combination with GA (0.0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l). Best response towards multiple shoot regeneration (Kurdistan 34.47, Parose 28.46 and Camarosa 30.25 shoots) was obtained on MS medium having 0.5 mg/l BA. While the highest harvestable shoots was recorded (Kurdistan 21.32, Parose 17.84 and Camarosa 18.59 shoots) in MS containing 0.5 mg/l BA + 0.25 mg/l GA.

In order to study the effect of biofertilizer )Nitroxin and Biophosohate (on quantitative and qualitative traits of Borago officinalis, a field experiment was conducted at Kermanshah, Iran, in year 2011. Water deficit stress set as main factor with four levels, D1 (interrupt irrigation in vegetative phase), D2 (interrupt irrigation in reproductive phase), D3 (interrupt irrigation in vegetative phase + productive phase) and D4 (without water deficit stress). Water deficit stress was applied by interrupting irrigation once. Fertilizer treatments set as sub factor with three levels, F1 (100% chemical fertilizer), F2 (50% of chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer), F3 (25% of chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer). Result indicated that these treatments had significant effects on plant height, number of branches, yield of florescence, essential oil yield and mucilage yield. The highest value of the plant criteria was related to without stress and by using 50% of chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer. And the lowest value was achieved from stress in vegetative + reproductive stages by using 25% of chemical fertilizer + biofertilizers. 50% of chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer in vegetative stage 14% and in reproductive stage 19% increase the plant height in compare to use of 100% chemical fertilizer. The highest essntial oil yield (7/18) and Musilage yield (74/94) was achieved by using 50% of chemical fertilizer + biofertilizers without stress situation.

In order to compare of inheritance, combining ability, heterosis and genes action in the genetic control of 1000-kernel weight, grain per spike, grain yield per spike and grain yield per plant in bread wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted on eight genotypes using fixed method 2 of Griffing. Exception mean squares of grain per spike at specific combining ability (SCA), other traits were significant differences for general and specific combining abilities. It states important of inheritance additive and dominance gene effects under drought stress conditions. The GCA/SCA ratio was significant for grain per spike. For exception of grain per spike, non-additive gene effects were more important than additive. It is concluded that genetic improvement of grain per spike under drought stress conditions is possible at early generations by selecting from the best crosses, while selection for another traits is better that delayed until advanced generations and increase of its heritability.

In order to investigate the effect of competitive ability of wheat cultivars with weeds in the Kurdistan region, an experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Station Qamlv. A split plot design based on a randomized complete block with four replicates was used in growing season of 2004-2005. Main plots consisted of four cultivars of wheat (Alvand, Zarin, Back cross Roshan and Shahriar) and sub-plot consisted of four levels of herbicides 2.4.D application time (early spring spraying (2 to 3 leaves), spraying in mid-spring (complete tillering), late spring (grain dough) and non pesticides application) were compared in combination with one another. Factores in this experiment are include: weed dry weight, plant height, stubble yield, biological yield, number of ear per unit area, number of grains per ear, grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. Results of comparison of data showed that the highest plant height, biological yield, number of ear per unit area, number of grains per ear, grain yield and harvest index relevant to Back cross roshan, it showed competitive ability towards weeds in comparison with other cultivars. In this experiment, spraying in mid-spring with 1250 kg per hectare, was known as the effective time of spraying to eliminate the competition with weeds and the back cross Roshan as the best cultivar to competition with weed.

This experiment was conducted in research field of abureyhan campus, university of Tehran, to study the effect of different amounts of municipal solid waste compost on soil nutrients and growth and yield of forage corn. Five treatments (include of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 ton compost per ha) were used in a complete block design with three replications. According to the result, height and dry and fresh yield increased by increase in amount of compost used in soil. The highest corn forage yield was obtained from 60 and 45 ton.ha-1 compost treatments. Soil Ca, K, Mg, P and organic matter had positive correlation with compost application amount. During time in growth season, soil nutrient concentration and organic matter were decrease and differences between treatments were decreased at the end of the season. Also, soil EC and pH were increased by compost application, but decreased at the end of season due to leaching and plants uptake and due to soil buffering property, respectively. Finally, soil characteristics and corn growth and yield were improved by increase in the compost amount.