STRATEGIC STUDIES OF PUBLIC POLICY (STRATEGIC STUDIES OF GLOBALIZATION JOURNAL)
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:27 |Papers Count:19

Impact of Energy Security Indicators on policy making of energy supply is one of the concerns of researchers in this field. Generally، these considerations are implicitly included in energy supply models. In this paper، we introduce the import dependency index، one of the most important energy security indicators، as a means of measuring energy security in the energy supply optimization model. In this method، the NEID indicators، which are a little interpreted from the threats associated with energy imports، are introduced stochastically into the model. The nature of these parameters is uncertainty type، therefore، based on the probable scenarios of the stochastic model، the perspective of the energy supply system is drawn up based on a stochastic model of optimizing the supply of different carrier energy. Gasoline price scenarios are based on the cross impact analysis method، which consists of three scenarios of intense boycotting and passivity، a strong and active boycott، and the continuation of the current situation. The LINGO 16. 0 software has been used for modeling and solving stochastic problems under the license. The method developed in the case study is the use of petroleum products in the three scenarios resulting from the sanctions. According to the results of the model، in the period when there are threats of energy imports، energy storage upto 8 million bbl annually is a low-cost and reliable way to compensate for the threats posed by sanctions، and the optimal index in this period is oscillating between 0. 04 to 0. 06.

It was as if yesterday we were flying flags and banners. The cloth that was written by young people the night before in the Hemmat Tajrish mosque and then hidden under the bridges of water or some of the townsfolk next to the street now known as Dr. Shariati، and After passing the ranks of the army and the police، we raised them all at once، and the demonstrations took shape. Then there was a car that went over it and gave people their slogans and they also answered. In a few demonstrations، the speaker was made، and thousands more people repeated the slogan. The ladies were in front of the queue and the gentlemen behind. Because the women's presence had caused a delay in the military's encounter with the people، and the same delay، the closed Shari'ati street would open for the people and the flood of the people would continue to make their way more resolute. Never again، after many demonstrations before the revolution، I could not walk along the entire path of my street، Shariati Avenue، from the revolutionary moment to Azadi Square، and now، it seems to me، this is impossible. The passion of people in the days before the revolution is unthinkable.

Technology transfer from IOCs and technology development in these countries and maximizing of local content is one of the important incentives in upstream petroleum contracts. In this article، we reviewed several contracts like concessions، production sharing and service contracts and surveyed upstream petroleum’ s contracts Capacity on the transfer and development of technology and using of local content with approach of the critical success factors. The results of these research showed that concession contract doesn’ t have enough capacity for this goal because this contract focused on petroleum’ s income but production sharing and service contract have some tools for this aim. We can say upstream petroleum contract are necessary for technology transfer but they aren’ t enough for this goal.

The transportation sector، especially road transport، has a large share of energy consumption in Iran، like the rest of the world. Supply security of road transport fuel to the heavy vehicles sector has been fully realized، but it has not been properly managed in the field of gasoline، as Iran has been a gasoline importer for many years، and large cities suffer from pollution caused by light duty vehicles. By analysis the issue of light duty vehicle transport from the theory of game theory can find an accurate analysis of the impediments to reducing fuel consumption in this sector. For this purpose، the main drivers affecting the transport of light duty cars-people، government and automakers-are modeled and their benefits are considered. By examining the relationship between these actors and their actions، it can be seen that the creation of a car leverage can help to manage fuel consumption، and the government's obligation to lend to the automaker to improve the fuel consumption of motor vehicles reduces fuel consumption. On the other hand، the standard setting for the average fuel consumption of the produced vehicles should be staged and stepped.

This study focus on the two contractual and financial models of oil and gas field development. During these years Buy-Back contracts were issued and run to develop oil and gas field. However some investors and contractors in one side and oil ministry in other side feedback to change some contractual items. Therefore they decided to issue an attractive model to influence more investing company and raise oil and gas production. So a new model of contract named Iranian Petroleum Contract (IPC) has been issued to develop the fields with items is more flexible in case of time، scope of work and financial affairs. In this study، we tried to compare IPC model and Buy-Back model in case of financial and contractual issue and show that this flexibility has made a better situation for both sides. As we has concluded during the compare of buy back and IPC، financial items such as IRR and NPV will improve and the impact of oil price has been reduced in new model.

This paper aims to foresighting the future direction of governance in the field of public utilities، through recognition of emerging trends and key factors effective on construction of Future interactions in the field of electricity distribution. For this purpose، by using the method and approach of environmental scanning، it is tried to Identifying، describing and prioritizing the key factors affecting future developments. Also، the emerging trends in this field is analyzed in expert panels. . As a result، 23 key factors (variables) affecting on future alternatives in Electricity Distribution has been introduced in 7 categories (including Political، economic، social، technological، environmental، legal and industrial). After that، three important emerging trends in the direction of future developments (“ Democratization of energy interactions” ، “ Development of technical/social innovations in the field of supply and distribution of energy” and “ Developing the human، social and cultural dimensions of energy systems” ) is explained. Based on the findings the future of governance in power distribution can be figured in the term of decentralization macro trend and key issues such as voluntary cooperation، social contributions، local collective actions and citizenry self-governance.

Burning of associated petroleum gas، namely gas flaring، is considered one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emission in Iran، bringing about various economic and environmental problems. This research tries to shed a light on different aspects of environmental defects of gas flaring and explain Iran's situation in this regard. To be able to do so، a novel method for calculation of flared gas emissions is described in this paper. This method relies on flared gas volume estimations that are provided by satellite imaging. The results show that some 53 million tones of CO2 equivalent is released every year due to flaring in Iran. It should be noted that Iran is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emission by 4 percent unconditional and 8 percent conditional due to Paris agreement (COP 21). This commitment requires powerful and wise policies that can guarantee its success with the minimum cost. Since gas flaring contributes to about 7. 4 percent of Iran's total amount of greenhouse gas emissions، Iran can cover almost all of its commitments by eliminating gas flaring، for which Paris agreement provides suitable supports.

With the construction of a dam on the rivers، land use patterns have changed and livelihood of rural households has also evolved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of dam construction on livelihoods of rural households in Dariyan dam area. To accomplish this، a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Horaman area (Oraman) is between the two provinces of Kermanshah and Kurdistan and is one of the rural areas where human life has been combined for centuries with mountainous nature of the region. In this research، five main hypotheses were determined based on five sustainable livelihoods indicators. 374 households were studied from the hurms(oraman residents) of the affected areas for two periods before and after the construction of the Dariyandam. The results of the research showed that construction of the dam influences livelihoods. In terms of households، livelihoods have fallen by building a Dariyan dam. So، before the construction of the dam، the average life insurance scores were higher than the time after the construction of the barracks. This means that according to respondents، the dam construction had a damaging effect.

Analysis and explanation of Spatial planning perspectives need to be in developing countries And especially Iran Less attention has been paid to it، That is Rapid City Growth And heterogeneity of a wide range Geographical spaces of these communities With fundamental balance In most cities Especially in big cities And metropolises Has not been accompanied Check current situation Planners Inevitably pay attention to Planning In small scale and in the form of small cities. Because in that case Which can be programmed Planning And the use of local resources Arrived To sustainable spatial development. This research through descriptive analytical methodology seeks ways of theorizing in the field of small cities from the perspective of sustainable development. This important issue، addition to completing and promoting the diverse role in the development of urban areas and rural hinterlands، has benefited the main place in extensive studies in the national settlement networks and local area. Thus theoretic-analytic study of nature this issue، can help to improve cognitive circle on the theoretical foundations of urban studies. The results of the analysis and comparison of views shows that openions strengthening and enhancing of small cities based on the sustainable spatial development by looking at all aspects of the internal structure of small cities، compared to other approaches has special advantages; and it is ableing to that، with an emphasis on the sustainability of cities، in addition to improveing the internal structure of small cities، local conditions and regional relations and making sustainable benefit.

Studying the experience of evaluating science، technology and innovation (STI) in Iran shows many challenges in different political، institutional، legal and cultural aspect of the subject. The main objective of this article is to investigate the roots of the reasons of the inefficiency of current experience and to identify the contextual aspects governing STI evaluation in Iran and to find the current relevant shortages. In this regard، we determine the similar national STI evaluation experiences at five levels of system، framework، map، pattern and process of the evaluation in order to analyze the situation of Iran systematically compared to other countries. The results of library studies، field study and experimental experiences show that one of the main reasons for the inefficiency of Iranian national STI evaluation system is its index-oriented model based on controlling the costs of beneficiary organization. Thus in this article، we design a desirable conceptual system of evaluation that is based on index-oriented and functional approaches، in order to facilitate the learning and make it possible to assign the resources of current system optimally. The results of model development have been obtained by choosing 45 index types based on three organizational groups، five specializing fields and three types of functional outcomes، in which each organization leads to a performance evaluation dashboard including five radar charts. The designed dashboard has been evaluated through evaluating the performance of three academic institutions (including University of Tehran، Sharif University of Technology، and Shahed University). Then we have compared the results of this evaluation to the outputs of the previous model. The results confirm the serious effect of the evaluation model on analyzing the policy-making results and Management at the macro level in the field of STI

For years، the link between university and industry has been one of the concerns of politicians at both national and international levels. Hence، the present study aimed at identifying and designing a model for universities’ research functions to help industry succeed in light of the suggestions of experts in industry and universities. A mixed method approach was used to collect data in this study. The qualitative data was collected through interviews with 18 experts including university professors، managers، and directors in the ministry of science and technology. To analyze qualitative data، the approach of open coding، axial coding and Selected coding was used. The findings demonstrated that research functions in line with auxiliary industry can be subsumed under 4 dimensions، 13 indices، and 64 criteria. Delphi’ s approach was used to examine the extent of the significance of each of the identified criteria in the quantitative data. Finally، upon the analysis of data، a model consisting of 13 indices and 46 criteria is suggested regarding research functions with auxiliary industry orientation. Four major components of this model emphasizes research-oriented policy making، promoting research، supporting research infrastructure، and evaluating research outcomes. Finally، in addition to discussions، a number of functional and policy-making suggestions are presented to enhance industry’ s functions in light of research conducted at universities.

The Islamic Republic of Iran، as a powerful and strategic country in the contemporary world، has always been exposed to a host of threats at sub-national، national and transnational levels that require deep and precise attention from policy makers in the country. What more than anything else seems necessary to ensure the national security of the country is to pay particular attention to identifying and reviewing the threats to the national security of the country and to try to deal with these threats. On the other hand، given the time and resources and human resources to deal with it With these threats، the next step is to carefully prioritize threats. In this article، which is the result of a profound and strategic research on national security، it first studied and categorized the periphery threats of the Islamic Republic in various dimensions of military-information، political-cultural، economic and environmental، and then، using the hierarchical analysis method AHP)، which is one of the most widely used methods of research in soft operations، has determined the importance and weight of each of these threats based on the views of experts in order to enable national security policy makers to allocate the right time and resources to confront crises and security threats Help the national nation.

During the years of the last century، a new approach – the then academic discipline of public policy – prevailed the domain of problem-solving in various fields as a response to increasing public issues still needed to be addressed. Among these fields، security issues emerged as a contextual framework in which states were serious about at a high level of attention and which resulted in a security agenda for the policy cycle. As the policy cycle begins with the agenda setting phase and the departure point in this phase is defining the problem، we decided to clarify this point of departure in the present article using the security issues as a primary concern of the state authorities.

The military service in Iran has been defined as conscription and has been a controversial situation over the past many years. Analysis of this issue، as well as other social issues، cannot go without its proper understanding; therefore، the precise definition of the problem is a major step in its solution. The analysis of the disputes and arguments of the adversaries and opponents from the perspective of the two important theories of normative ethics (duty and consequential) allows us to clarify the scope of issue and the normative foundations of this difference. The findings of this interdisciplinary article indicate that both the supporters and the opponents benefit from both a consequential and duty basis to justify their agreement and opposition. Although in the arguments، the principle of existence of conscription is also seen as a disagreement among the stakeholders، but the major differences are in the equivalence compulsory-public-order manner of military service. A cheap labor force against the exploitation of the labor force، equitable justice against the rejection of free choice and disregard for the difference in talents، equal universal service against economic and security inefficiencies، and، ultimately، equal universal service against the employment and marriage of youth are major positions of disputes between advocates and opponents of the military service policy. These positions are agendas for research، intervention design، debates and decision.

In this paper، using the documentary method and by studying various data sources and adopting an interdisciplinary approach it has been tried to answer the basic question of the emergence of the current state of Iran's water resources، some it called bankruptcy. For this purpose، the paper has followed its explanation in five levels، and at the fifth level، the causal set has been reached to "a weakness in the design of the governance systems at the time of founding"; A factor that directly and indirectly affects the causes and factors at other levels of the casual set and an appropriate policy package to improve the state of the country's water resources should contain specific suggestions to address these weaknesses. Something that has not been given much attention over the past decades and maybe one of the most important reasons for the failure of the country's policies to counteract the water crisis.

In this report، with the emphasis on the issue of air pollution، the urban management solutions of the country to solve or solve this problem in recent years are examined. Also، the general policies and actions of other countries that have faced this problem، like Iran، will be briefly reviewed and based on that، an analogy will be made. Then، by analyzing the documents and the content of the experts' theory، after mentioning the reasons for the ineffectiveness of Iran's policies، clues will be available for the elaboration and direction of indigenous policies and strategies to resolve and eliminate the massive pollution of the cities of Iran by tightening the city of Tehran. The report attempts to explain the cleavages and points of disconnection of the problem by analyzing the experts and researchers، and provides policy evidence for designing and implementing approaches to exposure and intelligent response. The three pillars of foresight، continuous evaluation and strict monitoring of missing lobbies of policy making in this area have been identified.

The environmental situation of the countries and its changes is one of the important issues of the new era. Leaders and environmental activists are trying to put in place policies to improve the environmental conditions of their land. In Iran and the Middle East countries، there have also been some work. Some environmental problems in the Middle East are becoming a crisis. Drought، extreme heat، and storms of waterfalls threaten the lives of people in the Middle East. These crises can cause further conflict in the region in the near future. In Iran، water scarcity، forest degradation، air pollution and climate change are among the most important environmental issues. Kuwait has had the highest air temperature in recent years. The environment of Iraq was largely destroyed many years ago. The Syrian civil war، undoubtedly، will return to the changing status of some tribes، including without. The disputes between Sudan and Egypt over the Nile River should also be added to this list. There is no doubt that in the Middle East، politics and the communications ecosystem are close. This year، a book on the environmental and governance situation in the Middle East was published. Environmental Policy in the Middle East: Legal conflicts and global communications are the title of the book. In this article، I intend to introduce this book and take notes on that.

States in modern world historically and essentially pursuit development، whether gain national power through the development or vice versa. but this survey emphasize on impossibility of The second and that reach to development through the attainment of national power is inevitable and only course in front of foreign policy of every nation-state. Also، addition to lake of historic and thinking necessity، objective conditions of Iran rejects importance and efficacy of development theory Iranian course of development thus، is Exclusively recognize of the developmental contents in Iran history. That is shun of development theory and its over repeated courses and debates. This article at first relied on an historical and theoretic approach and then looking for experience of Iran revolution، developed this sarcas mand dig of french scholars to their American colleagues That an history-possessor nation need not to grand theory، that is an holistic and apriori thought.